that的用法.doc

一. that 用作指示代词1. that 相当于汉语中的“那，那个”。在句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。例如：Who is that boy over there. Thats Tang Lin.Shall we buy this book or that one?I like that better.2. that 用来替代前面出现过的名词，以避免重复。这时通常带有后置修饰语。例如：The weather in the south is warmer than that in the north.My seat is next to that of Mr White.3. that 用来代表刚提到的事，常译作“这”。例如：Thats why I was late for class.I want you to promise that.4. that 用来代表前面所说的情况，不指具体的东西。例如：We see him when he comes, but that isnt often.5. 用于“指示代词名词of名词所有格或名词性物主代词”结构中，表达“赞赏、不满、厌烦”等感情色彩。例如：Oh, Ill get hold of that daughter of mine.That car of Peter is always breaking down.That little daughter of your brothers is really a dear.二. that 用作从属连词, 引导名词性从句1. 引导宾语从句。例如：He knew (that) he should work hard.I think (that) hell be all right in a few days.注: 引导宾语从句的 that 通常可以省略, 但由 and 连接的两个或两个以上的宾语从句时, 除第一个 that 可以省略外, 其余的 that 必需保留, 以避免产生歧义; 如宾语从句中又含有复合句, 而从句又位于主句之前时,引导宾语从句的 that 也宜保留。例如：I know (that) hes cheating and that I cant do anything about it.He said that if it rained he would stay at home tomorrow.比较:He said (that) he would stay at home tomorrow if it rained.2. 引导主语从句。例如:That we shall be late is certain.It is certain that we shall be late.注： that 引导主语从句还常见于“It is + 形容词/名词 + that 从句”或“It is + 过去分词 + that 从句”结构中。例如：It is possible that she will visit some friends.Isnt it strange that he should have left without telling me.Its a pity that we live so far from the sea.It is said that they are very good.3. 引导表语从句。例如：His suggestion was that we put the meeting off.Another problem is that good soil is gradually lost.4. 在 doubt, thought, report, promise, fact, idea, news 等后引导同位语从句。例如：I heard the news that our team had won the game.The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.5. 引起从句和作表语的形容词连用。有的语法学家将这种从句看作宾语从句，有的看作是状语从句。that 通常可省略。例如：Im afraid (that) I cant do that.Im sure (that) youll find them useful.Im sorry (that) I dont quite follow you.三. that 用作从属连词, 引导状语从句1. 表示目的。例如：She did it that she might go free.Bring it closer that I may see it clearly.2. 表示结果。例如：What has happened that you all look so excited.He must have hurt your feelings that you were so angry with him.3. 与其它词连用如：so(.)that, such(.)that, in order that, now that, not that. but that, on condition that, for fear that, seeing that 等, 可在句中表示目的、结果、程度、原因、条件等。例如：It was so cold that I could hardly keep still.Now that you are here, why dont you have dinner with us?He is such a good teacher that everyone loves and respects him.I will do it on condition that you help me.Seeing that it is ten oclock, we will not wait for him any longer.He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the tome.四. that 用作关系代词that 用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句, 在从句中作主语或宾语, 间或作表语。作宾语或表语时常省略。例如：He is not the man (that) he was.Is there anything else (that) I ought to get?Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe.五. that 用作关系副词that 用作关系副词引导定语从句, 在从句中作状语, 表示时间、地点、原因或方式，that 常省略。1. 用于 It is time that 句型。例如：It is time (that) we went home.It was high time (that) you left.2. 表示时间, that = when = 介词 + which。例如：The moment (that/when/at which) he saw me, he came up.She left the day (that/when/on which) we arrived.Every time (that) I saw him, he was reading.3. 表示地点, that = where = 介词 + which。例如：That is the place (that/where/at which) he stays when he was in London.4. 表示原因, that = why = 介词 + which。例如：That is the very reason (that/why/for which) I told you to keep it secret.5. 表示方式, that = 介词 + which。例如:This is not the way (that/by which) we came last time.He doesnt see things the way (that/in which) we see them.六. that 用于 “It is . that” 强调句型。例如：It is apples that I like best.Was it yesterday that I came across him?Who was it that you met in the street yesterday?七. that 用作副词, 修饰形容词或副词, 作“那么，这么”等解，常用于口语中。例如：I wasnt that clever.Can hard work change a person that much?You dont think we were all that careless, do you?