中考词汇串讲.docx

out of order出了故障 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 organize/ organise vt./vi.组织, 建立; 组织起来 organization n. organizer n. 组织者 辨析 other, the other, others, the others, another: other作前置定语, 修饰 单数或复数名词, 表示泛指; another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的 另一个. 其名词前不要加冠词. the other表示两者加的 另一个或两部分中的 另一部分. 是特指. others用作代词, 泛指 其他人 或 其它物. the others指 整体中除去一部分后, 剩余的全部. 表特指. by ourselves 独立地 be worn out穿破; 累坏 go out出去; 熄灭 find a way out 找到出路 tire out使精疲力竭 put out(使)熄灭 turn out熄灭 work out算出; 解出 speak out 大声说 be sold out被卖完了 out of 在.外; 在外; 缺乏; 没有; 用完; 由于; 出于 out of work失业 out of ones reach够不着 out of breath 上气不接下气 outdoors adv.在户外; 在野外 outdoor adj.户外的; 室外的 outsiden.外部；外面；外表；外层 adj.外部的 户外的 外来的;确良发生于他处的 adv. & prep. 在外面；在.外; 向外; 在.附近 directly above在上 all over浑身; 全身; 全部; 整个; 在整个all over the country/world 全国/全世界 over and over again 反复不断地; 再三 go over复习 show sb. over some place 领某人走遍某地(参观) 辨析 1. over, through, across: over指从一个物体的一边经上方到另一边的越过 through 指（在空间）通过一物体或洞穴的穿过 、“通过”. Across 指在同一范围内从一边到另一边的横过, 指平面穿过. 2. over above, on: above 表示 “在.之上” , 指斜上方, 其反义词为 below; over表示 “在.正上方, 垂直于.之上”, 可以有面与面的接触, 也可以有一定的距离. 其反义词为under. on表示“ 在.的面上”, 强 调有接触. own adj. belonging to oneself自己的 vt. 1.to possess something , esp. by lawful right拥有; 持有; 所有 2.admit 承认 pron.自己的东西 of ones own 属于某人自己的 on ones own 独立地; 独自地; 亲自地 owner n. C a person who owns something esp. one who possesses something by lawful right所有人; 主人P pack pAkv.to put (things, esp. ones belongings) into ( cases, boxes, etc.for travelling or storing捆; 扎; 打包; 包装; 打行李 n.a number of things wrapped or tied together , or put in a case, esp. for carrying on the back by a person or animal 包; 捆; 束; 行李; a pack of 一群(包、副、盒、伙、派，.); packs of 大量的; 一大堆的 page peidVn. one side of a sheet of paper in a book , newspaper, etc., usu. numered页; 页码: turn to page.翻到.页; Open the book at page. 请把书翻到.页; turn the page over 翻过一页 pain peinn. 1. Usuffering; great discomfort of the body or mind 疼; 疼痛: have a pain in ones head(= have a headache) 头痛; have pains all over浑身疼痛; cry with pain痛得哭起来 2. C a feeling of suffering or discomfort in a particular part of the body; a feeling of annoyance or displeasure常用复数形式 劳苦; 苦心; (内心的)痛苦; No pains, no gains 不劳则无获; spare no pains不辞劳苦; be at the pain of learning 刻苦学习 同ache 反pleasure 辨析pain 指肉体的、精神的痛苦； ache指连续的、局部的隐隐作痛 painful 5peinfUladj. 1.causing pain痛的; 痛苦的 2. hard or difficult 费力的; 艰苦的 painfully adv. 反 painless paint peintv.1.to put paint on (a surface)粉刷; 油漆; 2.to make a picture or pictures of somebody or something using paint(用颜料等)绘画; paint from nature 写生; paint in oils/water colours画油画/画水彩画; paint the house粉刷/油漆屋子; paint sth. red/ green 把某物染成红色/绿色 n. liquid colouring matter which can be put or spread on a surface to make it a certain colour油漆; 涂料; (常复数：paints)颜料: Fresh/ Wet paint!油漆未干! a peace of paint一幅绘画作品; painter 5peintn.a person who paints pictures; artist 绘画者;(油)画家 paintbrush n.画笔; 画刷 painting 5peintINn. 油画; 水彩画 同drawing; picture 辨析 painting, drawing, picture, portrait: painting泛指油画、 水彩画等带有色彩的绘画作品。 drawing泛指黑白类的绘画作品或线条画；指素描作品。 picture泛指各类绘画作品、图片，亦可表示电影作品。 portrait 指人物的肖像， 或人物肖像的语言描写。 pair pZn. C something made up of two parts that are alike and which are joined and used together一双； 一对； 一副； 一条； 一把; a pair of匼plain(后接 “物”时，谓语动词用单数；后接 “人”时， 谓语动词则用复数。)一双， 一对： a new pair of shoes(= a pair of new shoes) 一双新鞋子； in pairs 成双地 辨析 pair, couple: 两者都含有 “双”、“对”之意； pair可以用于人或物， 指物时， 常指其中之一受损， 另一个则不能使用的物品； couple指被视为一体的， 同类的两个人或物： a couple of (= a few, several) (Am.E.) 几个 palace 5pAlIsn. a large grand house where a ruling king or queen officially lives/ a large , often showy building for public amusement, dancing, eating, etc.宫； 宫殿：the Childrens Palace少年宫； the Summer Palace颐和园 近 temple（以供奉神祗为主的）宫殿；寺院 paper 5peipn. U material made in the form of sheets from very thin threads of wood or cloth, used for writing or printing on, coverying parcels or walls, etc.纸 ：a piece of paper (= a sheet of paper) 一张纸； a fine paper 一种优质纸 Ca set of printed questions used as an examination in a particular subject试卷、a piece of writing书面作业、论文、newspaper报纸. pardon 5pB:dnvt. (+for) to forgive; excuse 原谅； 宽恕: pardon sb. for (doing) sth.原谅某人做某事 n. (+for)forgiveness 原谅； 宽恕：I beg your pardon（= Beg your pardon =Pardon）？ 常用于：作错了事表示道歉（用降调）（相当于Im sorry.）；谈话中提出导议（用升调）(相当于Im afraid I disagree with what you have just said./ Im afraid I think that what you have just said is not true/proper.)；没听清对方的话，要求重复一遍(用升调)（相当于I did not hear/ understand what you said and would you like to repeat it / say it again?）辨析pardon, excuse：excuse指原谅某人的小过失或疏忽。常用来客气地打断某人的话，或引起某人的注意：Excuse me(用升调)；pardon指饶恕严重的过失，尤其指法律或道德上的过失；也可以表示原谅礼节上的疏忽（此词比较正式）。 parent 5pZrntn. (often pl.常用复数) the father or mother of a person; the father and mother of a person 父亲或母亲；父母亲 Paris 5pArIsn. the capital of France 巴黎 park pB:kn. a large public garden in a town or city used by the public for pleasure and rest 公园 v. to put or place (a car or other vehicle) for a time; to leave something in a place for a certain time停车；放置： No parking here 此处禁止停车！ car park (Br.E.)/ parking lot(Am. E.) 停车场 part pB:tn. 1. any of the pieces that make up a whole 部分; 部件: part of.部分.(作主语时, 谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词或代词的数); a part of .一大部分.; parts of.有些部分.; part of speech 词类; for ones part 就某人而言; 至于某人; 对某人来说; for the most part(= mostly; most of the time; in most cases)主要地; 大部分时间地; 大部分情况; in part一部分; 部分地 2.a character acted by an actor in a play角色：have /take a part of 扮演角色 play a part in (= have an influence on/ have an effect on)对.有影响/在.中起作用 3.a share or duty in some activity分担责任；参加：take part in 参加（某项活动）v. to (cause to) separate 分手; 分别; 分开; 分裂: part from sb. 与某人分手; part with sth. 舍弃某物 partly 5pB:tlIadv. 1. not completely 部分地; 不完全地 2. In some degree有几分地 particular p5tIkjUladj. 1.worthy of notice; special; unusual值得注意的; 特别的; 不寻常的 2.single and different from others; of a certain sort独特的; 某一种的 3.showing (too) much care or interest in small matter考究的; 讲究的 4. hard to please难以取悦的; 挑剔的 5.careful and exact详尽的 in particular(=especially)特别地; 尤其 particularly adv. especially; in a way that is special and different from others特别; 尤其; 与众不同地 反generally 一般地 party 5pB:tIn. 1.an association of people having the same political aims, esp. as formed to try to win elections(通常要大写)政党; 党派: a political party政党; the Communist Party of China中国共产党; the Party共产党; Party member党员 2.a gathering of people usu. by invitation for food and amusement (宴饮性的, 娱乐性的) 聚会: have an English party举行英语晚会; give / hold a party 举行晚会/宴会; a dinner party宴会; a tea party茶话会; a garden party游园会; a birthday party 生日聚会; an evening party晚会 3.a group of people doing something together团体; 一群人 pass pB:sv. 1.to go forward; advance向前行; 前进 2.to reach and move beyond ( a person or place); (of a car or motorist) to reach and move beyond (another car); overtake 走过; 超过; 赶上 3. to get or go through, across, over, or between通过; 穿过 4.to move, place, or be placed (in or for a short space of time)(短时间内)移过; 掠过 5.to give (esp. by hand)传送 6.to kick, throw, hit, etc. (esp. a ball) to a member of ones own side传; 送; 打击 7.(of time) to go by; to cause time to go by(指时间)流逝; 消磨(时间) 8.to succeed in (an examination)(考试)通过; 合格 反fail 9. to give an official acceptance通过; 批准: pass (.) on (to.)传给 pass by从旁经过; 路过; 略过; 忽略 pass sb. sth.(= pass sth. to sb.)递给某人某物 pass away(= die)委婉语去世; 逝世 pass through (从空间内)径直经过; 穿过 n.出入证; 山口; 关口; 要隘; (河流)渡口 辨析 pass, cross: pass 表示从某地, 某物或某人的旁边 经过, 也可以表示从某物内部, 或人与人, 物与物之间穿过, 还可以表示时间或空间的 经过; cross表示从表面 “横过、越过、穿过”， 强调从一边到另一边；注意与across (介词， 副词)的区别。 passenger 5pAssIndVen. a person going from one place to another in a public or private vehicle乘客； 旅客 past pB:stadj.1. (of time) much earlier than the present (指时间)早就过去的 2. (with the perfect tenses) (of time) a little earlier than the present; up until now or until the time of speaking（与完成时连用）（指时间）刚过去的: in (for, during , over )the past / last few days (weeks, years, etc.)在过去的几天(星期、年等)里 3.finished ; ended结束的 4.former以前的 prep. 1.after; beyond in time在.之后; ( 性上)越过： half past(= after美) seven 七点半 2.farther than; up to and beyond 比.远; 越过 n. (the +) time before the present过去: in the past在过去 (the +) what happened in time (long) before the present往事 (of a country) history; (of a person) life, actions, etc., before the present time,(指国家的)历史; (指个人的)过去的生活, 行为 adv. by; to and beyond a point in time or space过; 越过(时间或空间)： walk past 走过去 go past(= go by, pass) 流逝 辨析 1.past, passed: past 用作形容词、介词、副词、名词，用作表语或状语时说明动作发生时的状态；passed是动词pass的过去式和过去分词，说明某一行为或状态的完成，并对以后产生影响； 2.at present, in the past, in the future：at present在目前； in the past在过去； in the future在将来 3. across, through, over, past: across 表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的；through表示动作是在某一空间进行的； over指从上方跨越而过； past指从某物体旁边经过 patient 5peiFntn. 1.a person receiving medical treatment from a doctor and / or in a hospital (住院)病人 2.a person who goes to a particular doctor when he needs medical treatment患者； 病人 adj. having or showing patience 忍耐的； 有耐心的： be patient with sb.对某人有耐心 反impatient patience 5peiFnsn. 容忍； 耐心 pay peivt. (paid, paid) 1.to give money for goods bought, work done , etc.付（款）：pay (.) for sth.付.的钱; 买; 赔偿 2.to settle ( a bill, debt, etc.) 付清: pay off 还清债务; pay back偿还(借款等) 3.to bring or give one money or something of value in return报酬; pay sb. for sth 为.给某人报酬 4.to make or say 做; 致; 说: pay a visit to sb./some place (= visit sb./some place; call on sb./at some place) 访问; 拜访; 参观 pay a call 5.to give willingly给; pay attention to注意, 留心 n. money received from work工资 辨析 1. pay, spend, cost, take: pay 的主语必须是人: (sb) pay money for sth. / pay sb.for sth.; spend的主语必须是人: (sb.) spend money/.for/on sth./ in doing sth. 在.方面花钱或精力; cost 的主语必须是物或事: (sth.) cost sb. money/life/health/time.; take表示做某事花费多少时间, 其主语一般是 一件事 ; 有时也可以是人: It takes/ took sb. some time to do sth. 强调完成动作所花费的时间。 2.pay, wage, salary, income: wage 一般指工人或服务人员等体力劳动者的 工资, 工钱, 通常按时计数, 分周发给, 通常用复数, 不能被 many 或few修饰, 只能被 high, low等词修饰; salary一般指机关单位官员、职员和管理人员的确良“薪水”， 一般按年计算， 分月或半月发给; pay可译为“工资”、“薪饷”， 既可指， 也可以指， 但更多地是指军队的薪饷或津贴； income意为“收入”、“收益”， 通常指一个人收入所得的钱， 不仅限于工资， 也可以指一个国家的收入。 peace pI:sn.1.a condition in which there is no war between 2 or more nations和平； 太平 2 a period in which there is no war和平时期 3.(the +) a state of freedom from disorder within a country, with the citizens living according to the law安宁； 治世： keep the peace维持治安； 保持宁静 4.a state of agreement or friendliness among people living or working together和解；和睦: be at peace with sb. 和某人和睦相处 5.calmness; quietness镇定；安静：in peace安静地；平平安安地；和睦地 6.freedom from anxiety or troubling thoughts平静； 安心：be at peace (= to be dead)(委婉语)去世 hold ones peace (= to remain silent although one has something to say)保持缄默 make (ones) peace with sb.(= to settle a quarrel with sb.)与某人解决纷争； 讲和 peaceful 5pI:sfUladj. 1.quiet; untroubled和平的；安宁的；安静的 2.loving peace爱好和平的 adv. peacefully pen penn. an instrument with a pointed piece of split metal fixed into a holder of wood or other material for writing with ink; fountain-pen 钢笔 people 5pI:pln. 1.persons in general; persons other than oneself人 2.all the persons forming a State 人民 3.the persons in a society who do not have special rank or position平民 4.a race, nation 各族；民族 注意 (1)people泛指“人们”， 前面通常不加冠词， 是集体名词， 作主语时谓语动词用复数； (2)the people意思是“人民”，单数形式表示复数概念，作主语时谓语动词用复数； (3)people作“民族”、“种族”解，通常用不定冠词或 复数 (4)a person or two只指“一两个民族”， 不是指“一 两全人”。 perfect 5p:fIktplete with everything needed完全的； 完备的 2. without fault; excellent无瑕的；极佳的 3.exact; accurate正确的；准确的 plete; unqualified（只作定语）全然的，绝对; Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 the perfect tenses语法完成时 adv. perfectly quite; quite well; completely 十分地； 美好地；完全的；全然地 perform p5fC:mv. 1.to do; carry out (a piece of work)实行； 做 2.to fulfil (a promise, order, etc.)履行；执行 3.to give , act or show (a play, a part/role in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.)esp. before the public 表演；演（剧）；奏 performance p5fC:mnsn. 表演；演出：put on/ give a performance演出 performer p5fC:mn. 表演者；演奏者 perhaps p5hApsadv. maybe; possibly; probably 也许； 可能 辨析perhaps, possibly, probably, maybe: 均可表示“可能”， 但有区别：perhaps常置于句首，表示“有大致一半的可能性”；maybe常置于句首，表示不能肯定，含也许如此，也可能不是；possibly常与can , could, may, might 连用，表示可能性较小， 但仍有机会；probably表示可能性较大，可能性比maybe 和perhaps 大；是有几分根据的推测 permission p5mIFnn. agreement 允许，许可，同意：with ones permission 经某人允许 without ones permission未经某人允许 person 5p:snn. a human being 人 辨析human, person, people : human作名词时等于human being, 在将人与动物、神仙、鬼等到比较时常用human; person可以指man, woman 和child， 其复数形式常是people, 用persons 则强调数量的概念， 比较正式，“一个人”应该说：“a person , 一能说：“a people, 两个人则可以说“two persons或“ two people； people泛指人们， the people指人民或确指的“人们”， a people和 peoples指民族， 种族； personal 5p:snladj. 1. private; individual 个人的； 私人的 2.done or made directly by a particular person, not by a representative亲自的 personally 5psnlIadv. speaking for oneself only; as far as oneself is concerned 就自己而言 pet petn. 1.an animal kept by a person in the home as a companion爱畜；宠物 2.a person (esp. a child) or thing specially favoured above others.受宠爱的人或物 3. a person who is specially loved or lovable特别受爱护的人；可爱的人 photo/photograph5fUtU/5fUtgrB:f n. a picture obtained by using a camera and film sensitive to light照片： take a photo/photo