测井资料及应用-1演示幻灯片.ppt

China National Logging Corporation,OEPA,2006,*,测井资料及其应用,(1),长城钻探解释研究中心,2009.9,测井,-,地质家的,”,眼睛,”,多种测井方法,-,信息丰富,便于综合分析,纵向分辨率高,-,有效储层可划分到,0.4m(,高分辨率的可达到,0.2m,可快速,连续测量,-,信息采集方便,许多项目可在裸眼及套管井中测量,-,可实行动态跟踪监测,横向对比分辨率及精度高,-,地层对比,构造及沉积相分析,测井技术的局限性,:,不确定性,;,多解性,1,、测井资料的分类,随着测井技术的发展，测井新技术、新方法的不断出现，测井资料日趋丰富。人们采用了各种方法对测井资料进行了分类，以便于应用。,按测量原理分类：电法测井、声测井、放射性测井、核磁测井等；,按井别分类：探井、评价井、开发井等测井系列；,按井眼状况分类：裸眼井测井、套管井测井；,按用途分类：常规测井、特殊测井。,2.,常规测井系列,“,三孔隙度,三电阻率,”,测井系列,-,最常用,有效的测井系列,“,三孔隙度,”-,补偿中子,补偿密度,声波时差,“,三电阻率,”-,深探测电阻率,中,(,浅,),探测电阻率,微聚焦,(,冲,洗带,),电阻率,自然伽玛,-,岩性识别,(,指标,),曲线,自然电位,-,渗透率指示曲线,井径,-,井身状况,(,质量,),“三孔隙度,三电阻率,”,测井系列曲线图,2.1,自然伽玛,GR(Gamma Ray Log),测量原理,测量地层中天然放射性物质所放射出的伽玛射线,通常泥岩中沉积有较多的放射性物质,GR,是很好的泥质指示曲线,当地层中含有某种高,GR,射线的放射性矿物,如铀矿时,GR,不能,用作泥质指示曲线,不同岩性中的,GR,记量,纯砂岩,泥质砂岩,泥岩,灰岩,白云岩,煤,硬石膏,火山岩,20-30API,30-50API,70API,15-20API,16-20API,15-15API,130API,GR,A,B,C,GR,A,纯砂岩,GR35-50,B,泥质砂岩,GR70-90,C,泥岩,GR90-120,厚砂层,上部,纯砂岩,GR33,底部,泥质砂岩,GR65,GR,30 130,Ca,A,A:,钙质夹层,-GR,比砂岩低,coal,煤质夹层,-GR,比砂岩低,灰岩,GR,非常低,GR Rw(,淡水泥浆,),SP,负值异常,当,Rmf Rw(,咸水泥浆,),SP,正值异常,Base line,Shale,Base line,SP,负值异常,(Rmf=1.16,m /16.7C,Rw0.04,),R,w,0.04,正值异常,SP Rmf=0.16,m/27.8C,R,w,1.14,m,SP,Shale base,line,R,w,1.14,当,Rmf Rw,无离子交换,SP,平缓或无幅度,SP,SP,SP,应用,(1),识别渗透层,(2),划分层界面,(3),计算泥质含量,(4),计算地层水电阻率,(5),沉积环境分析,Identify Permeable Zones,只有在渗透层才会产生,SP,渗透性越好,SP,幅度越大,CN,Gas zone,致密夹层,低幅度,SP,Define Bed Boundary,Half of abnormal amplitude point will be boundaries of shale and sand.,The bed thickness is the interval between two boundaries.,SHALE,SHALE,SAND,Real case of identify bed boundary,Well kar-7 1940-1970m,计算泥质含量,The presence of shale in an“clean”sand will tend to reduce the SP.This effect can be used to estimate the shale content of a formation.,(V,sh,),SP,=,Here:,SP,shale,is the value observed in a shale;,SP,clean,is the value observed in a clean,water-bearing sand;,We also call SP,shale,the base line of shale.,(SP,SP,clean,),(SP,shale,SP,clean,),In some sand reservoir,when SP curve is good,SP can be used to calculate shale value Vsh,SP is good,and has good correlation with GR,Rt,DEN,计算地层水电阻率,Formation water resistivity(Rw)is a significant parameter to estimate oil or water saturation.SP curve can be used for estimating Rw.The equation is:,SP =,K log(R,mfe,/,R,we,),where R,mfe,R,we,are“equivalent”R,mf,or R,we,which suppose no shoulder bed effect on them.,沉积环境分析,由于岩石渗透性与岩石颗粒有关,SP,形态与幅度的变化与岩石颗粒密切有关,岩石颗粒的大小及分选的程度与其沉积的环境有关,.,所以,SP,的形态在一定程度上能揭示当时的沉积环境,Fluvial fan,River,Root of fan middle of fan end of fan braid shape snake shape,Delta,Sand dam,Branch Mouth Front Sand beach Body of Inner wing,River of dam of dam main dam of dam,No bottom flowing,Out wing of dam,