作文模板.doc

2014届高考复习英语作文专题 整理：朱建国 刘云 审核：石敬斗
议论文（正反观点型）
1. 导入主题
There is a widespread concern over （the issue that） ________(作文主题). But it is well known that the opinion respecting this hot topic varies from person to person.（这部分常常是作文已给的。）
2. 正方观点
__________(人数比例) of people approve of the opinion that _________(正方观点). From their point of view, there are two factors contributing to this attitude, which are as follows. In the first place, ___________(原因一). Furthermore, __________(原因二).
3. 反方观点
On the contrary, __________(人数比例) of people differ in their opinions on this matter. They hold the view that___________(反方观点). On the one hand, ____________(原因一). On the other hand, ___________(原因二).
4. 阐明个人看法
As far as I am concerned, we should take effectve measures to___________(个人观点). First of all, _________. In addition, ___________. Only in this way can we _____________(达到的目标).
议论文（利弊对比型）
1. 导入主题
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) ______________(作文题目). In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in ________________(题目议题).
2. 优点
Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___________(优点一). And secondly, ____________(优点二).
3. 缺点
Just as a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. ___________(讨论议题) is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _________(缺点一). In addition, _________(缺点二).
4. 阐明个人看法或总结
As far as I am concerned, we should try to bring the advantage of ___________(讨论议题) into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ___________(讨论议题).
议论文（问题解决型）
1. 提出问题
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) ______________(作文题目). It is really an important problem to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve it.
2. 解决问题的方法
As we know, there are many steps which can be taken to settle this problem. First of all, ______途径一). In addition, another way contributing to success of resolving the problem is ___________(途径二).
3. 阐明个人看法或总结
Above all, to solve the problem of ______________(作文题目)， we should be able to find a variety of ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ___________(方法).
图表式作文
1. 描述图表
As is shown by the figure(数字), / in the table表格(graph图表/ pie饼图/ chart表格；曲线图), ______________(作文题目的议题) has been increased/decreased significantly值得注目地/steadily平稳地 from _________ to _________. From the sharp decline/rise int the chart, it goes without saying不用说 that____________.
2. 说明原因
There are several possible reasons contributing to______________. On the one hand, ___________. On the other hand, ______________ is due to the fact that______________. In addition, _____________ is responsible for _____________. Maybe there are other reasons to show ______________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
3. 阐明个人看法
As far as I am concerned, I hold the view that____________. I am sure my opinion is both sound(明智的) and well-grounded(有充分根据的).
图画式作文
1. 描述画面和解读画面
From the picture/cartoon, we can see that____________. What is described vividly is a common phenomenon in today’s society, and it conveys the symbolic meaning(象征意义) of ____________.
2. 说明原因
There are several possible reasons contributing to_____________. To begin with/In the first place, ____________. What’s more, _____________. There may be some other reasons responsible for _________________, but I think what has been mentioned above is generally acceptable.
3. 提出对策
As far as I am concerned, we should take effectve measures to___________(个人观点). First of all, __ should arouse public awareness of _______________. In addition, ___________. Only in this way can we _____________ (达到的目标).
读写式作文
1、 用30词概括材料的主要内容
From the article, we can see/know that____________./ the author tells us that____________./ the passage argues that____________./what the author wants to show us is that____________. The text mainly tells that____________. As can be learn this passage,____________ /As the passage says that,____________
2、 按照要求说明原因、描述现象、举例说明自己的经历
What is described in the text reminds me of my own experience ____________./I do agree with the author ____________/In some way, I agree with ____________, but…/This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical./It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, ____________/From my personal angle alone ____________/In my opinion, ____________/From my personal point of view, ____________/As far as I’m concerned…/It reminds me of ____________/I also experience such a ____________before. When I ____________/As to me ____________
3、 提出建议或建议，说明你的感受或启迪，发表你的观点/总结句开头用语：
　　In conclusion,…/In short,…/To make a long story short,…/In general,…/In a word,…/In belief,…/On the whole,…/All in all,/To sum up ,/In brief,…
高考书面表达的写作方法与技巧
高中英语书面表达的写作，大多有具体要点的限定，所以并不需要如何地纵横捭阖，如何地旁征博引。但是，麻雀虽小，五脏俱全，一篇150来字的议论文，同样必须逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言精练，必须论有中心，言而有据。
一、审题：篇章结构分析
　　(一)审题： 看清材料，不放过每一个文字提示，看懂每一幅图表，表格。仔细研读读写任务的所给材料。先要认真阅读文章，抓住第一段，最后一段，每一段的开头结尾，抓住主题句，从而对文章作出概括总结。
二、词汇运用
　　(一)多用书面语，少用口头语 ：相对口头语而言，书面语更能增添文章的厚重感和读者对文章的信任感。
　　(二)使用连接词 ：在句子间使用连接词，能使文章脉络更加清晰，逻辑关系更加流畅。相关的连接词：On the contrary，all in all，in short，generally，worse still，on the other hand，in conclusion，as a consequence，hence，also，personally，furthermore，definitely，surely，undoubtedly，obviously，additionally，in addition，moreover，consequently，clearly，besides，as well，likewise，in my opinion，for the sake of，last but not the least，to begin with，firstly(first)，etc． 很多时候，一些常用的句式或句子也能承上启下，使相关的信息得到巧妙的过渡和衔接。
　　（三）套用模板：
1.读写作文的开头语可用 According to the passage, we know ...,The writer states that...,The story/passage is about..., The author thinks/argues...,The story mainly tells us that...
2.过渡语
①表示赞同I agree with the statement that...,I do agree with the author...,I fully support the statement above because I am very sure...,I can’t agree more with what the writer said.
②表示不赞同：I partly agree with what the writer said. This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical. I’m strongly against the writer’s idea. It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact
③表达自己观点：In my opinion,… As far as I am concerned,…From my personal point of view… According to my experience, I think that…
④终结句开头语:In conclusion,.../In sh论文联盟http://wwW.LWlm.cOMort,.../To make a long story short,.../In general,.../Inaword…/ In belief,…/On the whole,…/All in all,…
⑤常用谚语：As a popular saying goes ,“Every coin has two sides”.正如俗语所说，“事物都有其两面性”。As is known to all,“No pains, no gains”.众所周知，“一份耕耘，一份收获”。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Actions speak louder than words.行动胜于言辞。All roads lead to Rome,条条大路通罗马。Haste makes waste.欲速则不达。Take time while time is, for time will be away.机不可失，时不再来。
　　三、句子修辞
　　 (一)应用修辞，增强说服力 适当采用比喻、夸张等修辞手法，采用幽默、平行结构等写作手法，例如： 1．Many people have tried a thousand times before they achieve their goals．(夸张) 2．Our life would be like soup without salt or flowers without sunlight.
（二）润色，使其锦上添花：一篇优秀的作文少不了修辞润色这一重要环节。1、查人称是否符合要求；2、查语法方面的问题，包括用词、时态等方面的错误等；三查逻辑关系，看前后观点是否一致；四查是否使用一些较高级的句型，如非谓语动词结构、 with短语结构、定语从句、倒装句型、恰当的连接词、短语动词等。要做到过渡自然，结构紧凑，篇章连贯。3、表达到位，才能言之成理 。通常，作者对自己论述的观点是清楚的，但在将观点传达给读者时，往往因为用词不准确，逻辑欠严密，或因受中国式思维的干扰而令表达不到位，结果使读者如堕入雾中。作者应站在读者的立场上考虑问题，始终牢记“读者明不明白”才是判断写作是否成功的最重要标准。要求句子错落有致，根据表达需要，交叉使用长句与短句、简单句与复合句。要想使自己的文章显出文采和综合运用语言的能力，考生就应该尽量做到句式多样化，简单句和复合句交替使用，使文章结构紧凑，前后连贯，语意贯通，浑然一体。四、显出文采，亮而出众
　　要想使自己的书面表达得高分，首先要做到扬长避短。“扬长”就是发挥自身的优势，“避短”就是避开自己的弱点，尽量做到不犯错误或少犯错误，这是读写任务得分的关键所在。
　　（一）避免低级错误：避免语法和拼写的低级错误，避免被扣印象分。比如：
　　1. 缺少主语But was already 4 o’clock.(was前加it)
　　2. 缺少谓语However, other students against the idea.( against前加are)
　　3. 多用宾语He dressed his clothes quickly.(去掉his clothes，或把his clothes改为himself)
　　4. 多用介词We must study hard to serve for the people heart and soul.(去掉for)
　　5. 误用介词The thief ran away to the direction of the coast.(to改为in)
　　6. 主谓不当Our school has taken place great changes in the past three years.(改为Great changes have taken place in our school in the past three years.)
　　7. 生搬硬套类There used to have an old temple here.(have 改为be)
　　8. 瞻前不顾后类On one hand,60％of the students are against the idea, but 40％of the students think it is reasonable.(but后加on the other hand与前面的on one hand 对应)
　　在写作时，要用做改错题的眼光去挑自己文章中的毛病。
　　（二）定基调。通过分析思考，为文章的基本特点定调
　　1.时态、语态。确定全文主要时态及主时态与其他时态交替使用的接口。还要注意是否需用被动语态。2.一鼓作气，一气呵成。若遇个别词句想不出来“卡了壳”，先空下些地方，接着写下文，千万别因为个别词句的斟酌而打断了全文的思路。等全文写完后再返回来“填空白”，如果还是想不出来就“绕过去”－换另一种说法或变成两三句话来打词义表达清楚。3.书写规范，卷面整洁。卷面的好坏，就像人的外表一样。它是给阅卷人的第一视觉，印象最为深刻。书面表达也是如此，不论你运用了多么复杂的语法结够、多么高级的词汇以及行文多么紧凑连贯，如果卷面潦草。阅卷人在任务重，竞争强，时间紧的高考阅卷形式下，肯定无暇顾及详细欣赏你的优美，运气好的，给你个基本分，就pass过去了。运气不好的，呵呵…
就高考作文来说，要想得到15分以上的基本分，必须卷面清洁，无明显涂改，段落层次清楚（一般3-4段），符合写作要求，覆盖所有要点，无明显的低层次语法错误。但是要想得到更高的分数，必须卷面美观，书写认真，必须注重语言的地道，语句的连贯，语句的优美。使用高级句式（复合句，特殊句式，非谓语等），使用高级词汇，如consequence，opportunity等。
最后几天，只要你能背下作文模板（不需要全背，每一个就一句就行），肚子里有5篇左右的各种类型的优秀范文，高考考场上你就能以不变应万变。到时候，你就只需要套用模板，把试卷上的要点，列出提纲，就可以直接抄写了。
心动吗？赶紧行动吧，背诵模板，背诵你手里的范文吧！

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