状语从句(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Adverbial Clauses,1,在复合句中作状语成分的句子叫状语从句。,状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。,一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。,一、时间状语从句,在时间状语从句中需要注意时态的一致。,1.when,He started writing music when he was four years old.,(,当,),他,4,岁的时候，他就开始写音乐作品。,2,2.when,、,while,和,as,的区别,when,表示,“,就在那时,”,。,When she came in,I stopped eating.,她进来时，我停止吃饭。,(,瞬时动词,),When I lived in the countryside,I used to help him.,当我住在农村时，我常常帮助他。,We were about to leave when he came in.,我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。,3,While,引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。,While my wife was reading the book,I was watching TV.,(was reading,是延续性的动词，,was reading,和,was watching,同时发生,),I like playing football while you like playing basketball.,我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）,4,as,表示,“,一边,一边,”,，,as,引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；也可以强调,“,一先一后。,We always sing as we walk.,我们总是边走边唱。（,as,表示,“,一边,一边,”,）,As we was going out,it began to snow.,当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（,as,强调,两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）,5,3.before,和,after,当,before,引导的从句中，当主句用将来时，从句用现在时；如果谓语用的是过去时，主句动词用,过去完成时,，体现动作发生的先后。,After,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。,It will be four days before they come back.,他们要过四天才能回来。,My father had left for Canada before the letter arrived.,我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。,After we had finished the work,we went home.,完成工作之后，我们回家了,.,6,4.,由,till,或,until,引导的时间状语从句。,till,和,until,一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用,until,。如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是,延续性动词,时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同,.,7,I didn,t go to bed until,（,till,）,my father came back.,直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。,It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.,直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。,I worked until he came back.,我工作到他回来为止。,I didnt work until he came back.,他回来我这才开始工作。,Please wait until I arrived.,在我到达之前请等我。,8,4.,由,since,引导的时间状语从句,since,引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在,It is,时间,since,从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。,I have been in Beijing since you left.,自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。,Where have you been since I last saw you?,自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？,It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.,我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。,It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.,我们老板离开北京有五个月了。,9,二、地点状语从句,1.Where,地点从句，,(there),主句,译成,“,哪里,哪里就,”,；主句在从句后面时，,there,可省略,Where there is no rain,farming is difficult.,在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的。,They were good persons.Where they went,there they were warmly welcomed.,他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。,You should have put the book where you found it.,你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。,10,三、条件状语从句,If it doesn,t rain tomorrow,we will go hiking.,如果明天不下雨,我们就去远足,.,You will get good grades if you study hard.,如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩,.,I will go to the party unless he goes there too.,我会去参加聚会的,除非他也去,.(,如果他不去,我就去,.),You will be late unless you leave immediately.,如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的,.,=If you don,t leave immediately,you will be late.,11,四、原因状语从句,由连词,because,since,as,引导,也可由,for,now that,等,1,）,because,语气最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答,why,提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用,as,或,since,。,I didn,t go,because I was afraid.,Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.,2,）由,because,引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用,for,来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用,for,。,He is absent today,because/for he is ill.,He must be ill,for he is absent today.,3),as,和,for,的区别：,as,引导的从句在主句前，,for,引导的从句在主句后。,As the weather is cold,I stay at home.,I stay at home,for the weather is cold.,12,五、目的状语从句,1.so that,以至,以便,I,ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me.,我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。,I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.,我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。,2.in order that=so that,，为了,We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.,不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。,13,六、结果状语从句,由连词,(so)that,so,that,such,that,引导,1.so,that,如此,以至于,The scientist,s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.,科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。,He always studied so hard that he made great progress.,他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。,2.such,that,如此,以至,It,s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.,天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。,14,注：,such,修饰名词或名词词组，,so,修饰形容词或副词。,so,还可与表示数量的形容词,many,few,much,little,连用。,七、让步状语从句：由连词,though,although,引导,.,1.though,although,虽然，都不能和,but,连用,.,但可以同,yet(still),连用,.,Although he is rich,yet he is not happy.,虽然他很富有,然而他并不快乐,.,Although we have grown up,our parents treat us as children.,Although we have grown up,our parents still treat us as children.,尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩,.,15,2.ever if,even though,即使,We,ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.,3.whether,or,不管,都,Whether you believe it or not,it is true.,4.no matter+,疑问词或 疑问词,+,后缀,ever,No matter what happened,he would not mind.,=Whatever happened,he would not mind.,no matter what=whatever,no matter who=whoever,no matter when=whenever,no matter where=wherever,no matter which=whichever,no matter how=however,16,八、比较状语从句,主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。,原级,1.as,as,和。一样,Jack is as tall as Tom.,捷克和汤姆一样高。,2.not so(as),as,和不一样,She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.,她不如她姐姐外向。,比较级,more,than(,更,),This book is more instructive than that one.,这本书比那本书由教育意义。,17,最高级,1.The most,in/of,This book is the most interesting of the three.,这本书是三本中最有趣的。,2.the+,形容词,est,of/in,This road is the busiest street in our city.,这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。,注：,no more than,只不过,(,嫌少的意思,),I have no more than two pens.,我只有两支笔。,not more than,不如,(,前者不如后者,),Jack is not more diligent than John.,捷克不如约翰勤奋。,18,one of the+,名词,(,复数,),.,之一,(,用于最高级,),She is one of the best students in our school.,她是我们学校最好的学生之一。,九、方式状语从句,由,as,(just)as,so,as if,as though,引导。,Always do to the others as you would be done by.,你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。,As water is to fish,so air is to man.,我们离不开空气，就像鱼离不开水。,19,as if,as though,引出的状语从句谓语多用,虚拟语气,，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作,仿佛,似的,，,好像,似的,They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.,他们完全忽略了这些事实就仿佛它不存在似的（虚拟语气）,It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.,看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）,20,