书面表达说明文写作指导.doc

2016高考英语书面表达说明文写作攻略写作攻略写说明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的；第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤；第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。写作时应遵循以下几个步骤：1、仔细审题，明确说明对象，抓住要说明的事物或事理的主要特征。2、选择合理的说明顺序（时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序）分层次进行说明，注意条理清晰。3、选择恰当的说明方法，比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等，不要遗漏主要内容。4、根据说明顺序及内容确定过渡词和恰当的句型结构。文字应客观、简洁、明了，不要追求华丽和加入太多个人观点。例如：The “Foreign Cultures” section carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.模板一：地理介绍型 _ is located in _(位置), covering an area of _(面积). It has a population of _(人口). It grows _， and it is rich in _(特点)In a word, _ is a fascinating place with fascinating people.Welcome to _.模板二：路线描绘型 We are going to _(举行活动) at/in/on _(时间) at/in _(地点). It is not very difficult to find your way to this place./Now let me tell you the way to this place.模板三：说明原因型 Nowadays, more and more _(阐述现象). Why _(提出问题)? The reasons for it are as follows.First of all, _(原因一). Besides, _(原因二). Whats more, _(原因三)说明文范例第一篇：请根据下表提供的信息写一篇文章向外宾介绍国家体育馆“鸟巢”。字数：100字左右提示词汇：标志性建筑 symbolism 地点北京北部建筑面积5.8万平方米，可容纳9万多名观众开/竣工时间2003年12月2008年外观犹如树枝搭成的鸟巢用途奥运会期间可举办田径、足球比赛奥运会后可用于举办各种大型活动专家评价奥运史上一个难以置信的标志性建筑参考答案The Birds Nest, the national stadium, is located in the north of Beijing, with an area of 5.8 million square meters, holding more than 90,000 audience. Started in December, 2007 and to be completed in 2008, it will be used for track and field events and football matches during the Beijing Olympic Games, while after that it will be used to hold all kinds of grand activities. Seen from the outside, it resembles a real bird nest made of branches, which explains how its name came from. It is no wonder regarded by experts as an incredible symbolism in Olympic history. 说明文范例第二篇： 根据以下提示写一篇说明文介绍伦敦。一座艺术气息和历史氛围浓郁的都城，一个重要的政治中心，一处巨大的金融市场金融广场(Square Mile)最古老的地方；常住人口不是很多；每天却有30万人在此工作伦敦西区(West End)日益繁忙的购物和娱乐区伦敦东区(East End)伦敦港(the Port of London)；移民最先到达的地方；在此成功举办了2012年奥运会；当地人希望这个区的住房、教育和工作机会能够得到改善是一个“乡村集散地(a collection of villages)”，每个地方都有自己的特色和自己的社区，因此要全面描述伦敦是很困难的London is a capital city full of art and history, an important political centre and a huge financial market place. The Square Mile is the oldest part of London, where not many people live, but 300,000 people work here every day. West End is the busy shopping and entertainment district while East End contains the Port of London, which historically is where many immigrants first arrived. Since London successfully held the Olympics in 2012, many Londoners hope that housing, education and employment for many people in this area will be improved. It is difficult to describe London in every aspect, for the city is made up of a collection of villages, each area with its own character and community.说明文范例第三篇：My Favorite Newspaper21st Century is my favorite newspaper. It is an English language newspaper which is published in Beijing each week. It has sections of different kinds, including News of the week, the World Today, Language Class, Sports and Music and Students Report. There are plenty of beautiful pictures and interesting articles in it. I enjoy reading the paper. I read it to improve my English. I have learnt a lot of new words and useful expressions. Besides, I can get information about different things, from politics to sports and music. 21st Century is very popular with English learners. I do love it.