高中英语名词性从句详解.docx

高中英语名词性从句详解
高中英语名词性从句详解

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名词性从句

【名词性从句】相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

l 宾语从句—-在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语,也可作介词或某些形容词的宾语

1。连接词
从属连词
that whether if
不担任成分
只起连接作用

关系代词
who whom whose what which
既担任成分,又起连接作用。
主语，宾语或表语等
关系副词
when where why how
既担任成分，又起连接作用
常担任状语
u I think （that） you will like the pictures。
u He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago。
u I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
u The teacher is pleased with what she said.
u I’m afraid that I can't go to the party.

2。注意事项
①由that 引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)。但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省.
u He told me （that） he was ill and that he would not come to the party.
②陈述语序
u I want to know what he has told you。
u She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
③注意宾语从句中的时态呼应。
当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。
当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外）,从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。
④否定转移
若主语谓语动词为think， consider， suppose， believe, expect, guess， imagine等， 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上， 从句谓语用肯定式。
u I don’t think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
⑤形式宾语
it常可以放在动词think, find， consider， believe， feel, make等后作为形式宾语。
it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾， 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
u We often hears it that travel boarden the mind。
u I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan。
u I consider it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English。
u We think it possible that the young master at least two foreign languages。
⑥某些动词后面，宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟。
这类动词常见的有：command（命令）， demand（要求）， desire（希望）, insist(坚持）， order（命令）, propose(提议), recommend（推荐)， request（要求）， require(要求), suggest（建议）等.
He proposed that we （ should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan 。
他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限

l 表语从句-在复合句中作表语的名词性从句， 放在动词之后, 一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”.
ü 可以接表语从句的系动词有be， look， remain， seem等。
ü 引导表语从句的that常可省略。
ü 另外, 常用的还有the reason why … is that … 和It is because …等结构
1）. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time。
2)。 This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3）。 But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes。
4）. The reason he is late for school is that he missed the bus。
注意事项：
• 表语从句一定要用陈述语序.
• 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句（as if 例外）。
• 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
• that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
小试牛刀：在以下从句中填入合适的连接词，并指出是何种从句
1. You are saying that everyone should be equal， and this is ______ I disagree。
2. The road is covered with snow. I can't understand ____ they insist on going on motor-bike.
3. The other day， my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
4. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
5. I have always been honest and straightforward， and it doesn’t matter ________ I’m talking to.
6. Parents are taught to understand ____ important education is to their children’s future.
7. These wild flowers are so special I would do ________ I can to save them。
8. I read about it in some book or other, does is matter _______ it was?
9. Mary wrote an article on ____ the team had failed to win the game.
10. The poor young man is ready to accept _________ help he can get.

l 主语从句-——从句在整个句子中充当主语的成分
主语从句一般有三种结构:
1。 主语从句+谓语
That she will win the match is certain。
2.主语从句+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句
ü It is important that we teens should learn English。
ü It is a good news that he will attend the meeting on behalf of our school。
ü It is said that our school will hold a sports meeting
3. It +seem （happen,appear等不及物动词）+that从句
It seems that Katy is not coming to this party.

l 同位语从句—-—-在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。
可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, reason, idea， hope, word, belief等。
如：We heard the news that our team had won.
注意事项:定从与同位语从句的区别,不要混淆哦！
一、 先行词
1．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea，plan， fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information,suggestion，question， thought,belief，conclusion等少数名词。例如：
①The boy who is playing football is my classmate．
②Those who work hard will succeed．
③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody．
④The fact that you are talking about is important．
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
在②句中，划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
在③句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。
由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。
2．when,where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。例如：
①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
②I have no idea when she will be back．
在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在②句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词
二、引导词
定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。
1．引导词that
引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。例如：
①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting．
②We heard the news that our team had won．
在①句中，划线部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。在②句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用.
2．引导词when,where，why
引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成”介词＋关系代词”的形式；引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成”介词＋关系代词”的形式。例如：
①I will never forget the day when I joined the army．
②We have no idea when she was born．
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成on which的形式；在②句 中，划线部分是同位语从句， when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词”的形式。
③This is the house where I lived two years ago．
④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held．
在③句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成in which的形式;在④句中，划线部分是同位语从句， where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词”的形式。
⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting．
⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent．
在⑤句中，划线部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成for which的形式;在⑥句中，划线部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词＋关系代词"的形式。
PS：同位语从句可以不紧跟在它解释说明的名词后面，而被其他的词隔开。
E.g. The thought came to him that maybe she had already left the city.

测试性评价：填入适当的连接词,并判定是定语从句还是名词性从句。
1. The fact _____ he used to be a thief is known to all.
2. We were surprised by the fact ______ she told us.
3. The next thing _______ must be done is to make a plan.
4. Word came ______ our army had won the battle.
5. The president has given an order ______ everyone in the country should prepare for a war ______ might last for several years.
6. We’ve just heard a warning on the radio ______ a hurricane is likely to come.
7. There is no doubt _______ he has told a lie.
8. You have no idea ______ anxious I was.
9. The coat is in the place _______ you left it.
10. Then arose the question about _______ we were to get the machines needed.

名词性从句5大考点归纳:

考点1:区别that , what与which
What he said makes me happy.
That a new teacher will come is true .
that 只起连接作用,无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分, 且在宾语从句中有时可省. what 既起连接作用， 又在从句中作 主语宾语，表语 (且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语)
小试牛刀:
1.____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
2. China is no longer ____ it used to be。
3。 There were even some grandparents who came to see _____ it was all about。
4。 It is widely accepted ____ the earth goes around the sun。
5. The problem is _____ we can’t finish the work in time。
6. We express the hope ________ they will come to visit China again。
7. 。 A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
8. At last the soldiers reached _____ the locals called the Three Gorges。

考点2。 区别if 与whether
v 1. I don’t know __________ I'll be free tomorrow.
v 2。 I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
v 3。 The question is _______ this book is worth writing。
v 5。 It depends on _______ we will have enough money.
v 6。 _______ they can do it matters little to us.
v 7。 _____ you are not free tomorrow, I'll go without you。
自我小结：只能使用whether的情况
1。________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather。
2。 The argument _______ we’ll have a sports meet remains to be settled。
3。 It all depends on ________ they will support us。
4. He doesn’t know ________ to stay or not.
5。 We didn’t know ________ or not she was ready。

考点3. what,whatever,who，whoever
whoever、whatever_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义,相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而who、whatever_等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。
v 1.__________ was said here must be kept secret。
v 2._______ we need is more time。
v 3._______ has taken away my bag is unknown。
v 4._________ breaks the law will be punished。
No matter who destroys the forest will be punished. （误）
Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ 正 )

考点 ４ ：it作形式主语，形式宾语
用it 作形式主语的结构
（1） It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3） It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说…
小试牛刀：Can you understand them？
ü It is reported/ thought/said that…
ü It is clear/necessary/certainthat…
ü It is a pity/a shame/an honor that…
ü It doesn’t matter whether…
ü It seems that…
ü It happens that…
ü
it 作形式宾语
I hate it when people laugh at the disabled .
练习：
1。 改错：I’ve got to make clear that he told a lie。
2. I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A。 this B。 that C。 it D。 one
3. 他发现很难使别人理解他.
He found___________________________________________。

考点5 语序问题:从句一定用陈述语序
高考链接：
1. The photographs will show you _______．
A。 what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C。 how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
2。 You can hardly imagine______when he heard the news 。
A. how he was excited
B。 how was he excited
C。 how excited he was
D. he was how excited
3. I'd like to know ___________ to her。
A。 what do you think has happened
B. do you think what has happened
C。 what you think has happened
D。 you think what has happened

练习名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句：
1。 China is no longer what it used to be。
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4。 How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all。
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6。 The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing。
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live。
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about。
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school？
10。 I wonder why she refused my invitation。
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can't decide ____________ dictionary I should buy。
2。 That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in __ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time。
5。 The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody。
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7。 Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8。 Is that ____________ you are looking for？
9。 Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is？
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not。
三、60题专练突破：
1. Do you see _____ I mean？
A. that B。/ C。 how D。 what
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that B。 what C。 which D。 why
3。 We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what B. that C. / D。 how
4。 Let me see _____。
A。 that can I repair the radio B。 whether -I can repair the radio
C。 I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio
5 Keep in mind _____。
A。 that the teacher said B。 what did the teacher say
C。 that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said
6. Could you advise me _____？
A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first
C. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read first

7。 He was criticized for _____。
A。 he had done it B. what he had done
C. what had he done D. that he had done it
8。 Would you kindly tell me _____？
A。 how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D。 whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____。
A。 what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China
C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China
10。 We took it for granted ___
A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming
C. they were coming not D。 were they not coining
11. I really don’t know _____
A。 I should do next B. what should I do next
C。 what I should do next D。 how I should do next
12。 I’m afraid _____。
A. the little girl will have to be operated on
B。 that will the little girl have to operate on
C. the little girl will have to operate on
D。 that will the little girl have to be operated on
13。 She walked up to _____ .
A。 where did I stand B。 where I stood
C. I stood there D。 where I stood there
14. Can you tell me _____?
A。 who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C。 who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman
15。 We’ll give you _____.
A. that do you need B. what do you need
C。 whatever you need D。 whether do you need
16。 They want us to know _____ to help us。
A。 what can they B。 what they can C. how they can D。 how can they
17。 We must put _____ into practice.
A. what we have learned B。 that we have learned
C。 that have we learned D. what have we learned
18。 Did she say anything about _____?
A. that the work was to be done B。 how was the work to be done
C。 that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done
19. He was never satisfied with _____.
A. what she had achieved B. had what she achieved
C. she had achieved D。 that she achieved
20。 These photographs will show you _____。
A. what does our village look like B。 what our village looks like
C。 how does our village look like D。 how our village looks like
21。 Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A。 on that B。 what C。 that D。 on which
22。 They urged _____ the library open during the vacation。
A. when B。 where C。 why D. that
23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at