七年级英语下册-Module-3-Unit-4-A-more-enjoyable-school-life知识精讲-上海牛津版.doc

Module 3 Change
一. 本周教学内容：
Unit 4 A more enjoyable school life

［教学过程］
1. 情态动词could的用法
could的否定形式是could not，多缩写为couldn't，两者通常都读作['kudnt]。
（1）表示能力，意思是：能，会。
【例】Could you speak English then？  那时你能讲英语吗？
He said he couldn't follow me.  他说他跟不上我。
注意：①could（能）和was/were  able to 都表示过去一般具有某种能力。
【例】He could (was able to) swim very well when he was nine.  他九岁时就很会游泳。
②was (were) able to 可以表示过去某时有某种具体的能力并且实际上可以做到，但could表示过去的习惯能力。
【例】Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.  司机虽受重伤，但仍能说明发生了什么事。
（2）表示可能性，意思是：可能。
【例】That big cinema can seat 2,000 people.  那家大电影院能坐2,000人。
He said he couldn't come.  他说他不能来。
（3）提出请求、疑问或看法（could是虚拟语气，代替can，在时间上与can没有区别，只是语气比can委婉。can语气直爽、肯定）。
【例】----Could you let me have your passport?
----Yes, here it is.
—看看你的护照好吗？
—行，这就是。
（4）表示惊异、不信等情绪（用于疑问和否定句中，此时could与can用法相同，无时间上的差别，用could语气缓和，情绪要弱）。
【例】Who could have taken them？  谁会把它们拿走了呢？
She couldn't have left so soon.  她不可能这么快就走了。
（5）表示与事实相反的情况（用于虚拟语气）。
【例】I would certainly do it for you if I could.  要是我能做得到，我一定会为你们做这事儿。
How I wish I could go with you!  我多么希望和你们一道去！

2. 词组would like to
现在我们来学一种客气话, 也就是 would like to。这个词组就是 “要” want to, w-a-n-t t-o, want to 的意思, 不过比较客气。
下面我们要作一组练习。第一个句子用 want to, 第二个句子用的是 would like to，这两句话意思一样。
M: Nancy wants to see a doctor.
F: Nancy would like to see a doctor.
M: Henry wants to watch television.
F: Henry would like to watch television.
刚才我们学习了怎么用客气话 would like to 作陈述句, 下面我们看一看怎么用这个词组作问句. 比方有一句话: “你要做一个打字员吗 英文可以这么说: Would you like to be a typist? 另外一句话: “你要做市政府工作人员吗?” 英文可以这么说: Would you like to be a city worker?
M: Would you like to be a fire fighter?
F: Yes, I would like to be a fire fighter.
M: Would you like to buy this record?
F: No, I wouldn't like to buy this record.
M: Would you like to have a glass of milk?
F: No, I wouldn't like to have a glass of milk.

3. 反身代词
1） 列表
I　　　　　you　　　　　you　　　　 she　　　 he
myself　　 yourself　 yourselves　 herself　 himself
we　　　　 they　　　　 it　　　　one
ourselves　themselves　 itself　　oneself
2）做宾语
a. 有些动词需有反身代词
　　absent, bathe, amuse blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
　　We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　我们昨晚玩得很开心。
　　Please help yourself to some fish.　 请你随便吃点鱼。
b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词
　　take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
　　I could not dress (myself) up at that time.　那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
　　注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
　　Please sit down.　请坐。

3）作表语； 同位语
The thing itself is not important.　　事情本身并不重要。

4）在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：
No one but myself (me) is hurt.

注意：
　　a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
　　　(错) Myself drove the car.
　　　(对) I myself drove the car.　我自己开车。
　　b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。
　　Charles and myself saw it.
　 5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。
　　You should be proud of yourself.　你应为自己感到骄傲。

4. find , find out
find 指无意或经过努力和研究而“找到”、“发现”，强调结果。
find out 指经过努力有意去“找”、“打听”、“弄清楚”、“查明”。
We’ve found oil under the North Sea.
We found the people there very friendly.
在表示寻找并发现有关情况时往往可以互换，此时作“找出”，“弄清”，“查明”，“打听”解。
Please find (out) how to do it.
Please find (out) what time they are coming.
He find (out) that there were several buses to London every day.

5.too…to 太……以至于不（否定）
This book is too difficult for you to read.
The ice is too thin to skate on.
There are too many things for us to read.
so…that…如此……以至于……
The boy is too young to go to school.
=The boy is too so young that he can’t go to school.
The box is big for me to carry.
=The box is so big that I can’t carry it.

6. interested interesting
interested对……感兴趣，对……有兴趣。
intereting 令人感兴趣的，有趣的，引起兴趣的
This book is very interesting.
Are you interested in cars?
He’s not interested in politics.

7. cmfortable---uncomfortable
friendly---unfriendly
countable---uncountable
healthy---unhealthy
usual---unusual
lucky---unlucky

tie---untie

8. less
less是little的比较级，作定语。修饰表示数额、分量、价值、程度等的不可数名词。
We have less trouble than we had before.
You’d better speak less and listen more.

9. talk about/ talk of
Talk about this picture.
People are beginning to talk about her.
I never talk of my affairs until they are carried through.

10. make在作”使”解时，其后可跟形容词或分词作宾语补足语。
This news will make her happy.
The meal made her ill.

11. conduct 意思是”进行”、”实施”，相当于carry out
conduct a survey
conduct an experiment
conduct an inquiry
The school conduct a survey to find out how many students would like to have a swimming pool.

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