模块三-噪声实验--第一组.doc

广西大学环境工程基础实验
实验题目:噪声监测布点及噪声的测定
姓 名： 学 号：
班 级： 组 别：
指导教师：
1.实验概述
1.1实验目的及要求
（1） 掌握声级计的使用方法和环境噪声的监测技术；
（2） 预习第七章噪声监测的有关内容。

1.2测量条件
1） 天气条件要求在无雨无雪的时间，声级计应保持传声器膜片清洁，风力在三级以上必须加风罩（以避免风噪声干扰），五级以上大风应停止测量。
2） 使用仪器是PSJ—2型声级计或其他普通声级计，原理见教材，使用方法参见附录。
3） 手持仪器测量，传声器要求距离地面1.2米

2.实验内容

2.1实验过程（实验步骤、记录、数据、分析 ）
2.1.1测量步骤
1） 将食堂周围或宿舍区划分为25×25m的网格，测量点选在每个网格的中心，若中心点的位置不宜测量，可移到旁边能够测量的位置。
2） 每组三人配置一台声级计，顺序到各网点测量，时间从8:00—17:00，每一网格至少测量四次，时间间隔尽可能相同。
3） 读书方式用慢档，每隔5秒读一个瞬时A声级，连续读取200个数据。读数同时要判断和记录附近主要噪声来源（如交通噪声、施工噪声、工厂或车间噪声、锅炉噪声…）和天气条件。
2.1.2数据处理
环境噪声是随时间而起伏的无规律噪声，因此测量结果一般用统计值或等效声级来表示，本实验用等效声级表示。
将各网点每一次的测量数据（200个）顺序排列找出L10、L50、L90，求出等效声级Leq，再将该网点一整天的各次Leq值求出算术平均值，作为该网点的环境噪声评价量。
以5dB为一等级，用不同颜色或阴影线绘制学校（或某一地区）噪声污染图

噪声带 颜色 阴影线
35dB 浅绿色 小点，低密度
36-40dB 绿色 中点，中密度
41-45dB 深绿色 大点，高密度
46-50dB 黄色 垂直线，低密度
51-55dB 褐色 垂直线，中密度
56-60dB 橙色 垂直线，高密度
61-65dB 朱红色 交叉线，低密度
66-70dB 洋红色 交叉线，中密度
71-75dB 紫红色 交叉线，高密度
76-80dB 蓝色 宽条垂直线

在规定的测量时段内，我们在每个测量点每隔5s记一个瞬时A声级（慢挡），连续记录200个数据，同时记录车流量（辆/h）。
将200个数据从大到小排列（见表一），第二十个数为L10，第一百个数为L50，第180个数为L90，并计算Leq，因为交通噪声基本符合正态分布，故可用下式计算：

表一 噪声测定原始数据
地点：广西大学附属中学周围
时间：注：前四列测定时间为11：30-12：30 后四列测定时间为5：00-6：00L20
1号点
2号点
3号点
4号点
1号点
2号点
3号点
4号点
80.4
78.4
81.9
89.1
79.1
77.9
80.8
83.1
80
76.5
79.6
82.1
79.0
77.8
80.6
83.0
80
75.6
78
81.8
79.0
77.8
80.6
83.0
79.9
75.5
77.9
81.5
78.9
77.7
80.4
82.9
79.8
75.4
77.9
81.5
78.8
77.4
80.2
82.9
79.6
75.3
77.9
81.3
78.8
77.2
80.1
82.9
79.4
75.3
77.6
80.9
78.7
77.2
80.1
82.8
79.3
74.6
76.7
80.8
78.6
77.1
80.0
82.6
79.2
74.5
76.6
80.6
78.6
76.9
79.9
82.5
79.1
74.5
76.4
80.6
78.6
76.9
79.7
82.5
79
74.4
76.3
80.6
78.5
76.9
79.1
82.4
78.9
74.3
76.1
80.6
78.3
76.9
78.9
82.3
78.9
74.1
76.1
80.1
78.2
76.6
78.8
82.3
78.8
73.9
76
80.1
78.1
76.5
78.7
82.2
78.8
73.9
75.9
80.1
78.1
76.5
78.3
82.2
78.3
73.8
75.6
79.9
77.9
76.3
782
82.1
78.3
73.8
75.2
79.6
77.9
76.2
78.1
82.0
78.1
73.7
75.1
79.4
77.9
76.1
77.8
82.0
77.9
73.6
75.1
79.4
77.8
76.0
77.8
81.9
77.9
73.5
74.8
79.4
77.8
75.9
77.7
81.8
77.8
73.3
74.6
79.1
77.7
75.9
77.7
81.6
77.8
72.9
74.6
79.1
77.6
75.8
77.3
81.4
777
72.7
74.4
78.9
77.6
75.6
77.3
81.3
77.6
72.5
74.3
78.8
77.5
75.6
77.2
81.3
77.4
72.4
74.3
78.5
77.5
75.6
77.2
81.1
77.4
72.4
74.1
78.3
77.4
75.4
77.2
81.1
77.3
72.2
74.1
78.3
77.3
75.3
77.0
81.0
77.2
72.2
74
78.2
77.3
75.1
76.9
80.8
77.2
72.1
74
78.1
77.3
75.1
76.8
80.6
77.1
72.1
73.6
78.1
77.2
75.0
76.8
80.1
77.1
72.1
73.4
78
77.2
74.9
76.8
80.1
77.1
72.1
73.4
77.9
77.1
74.8
76.8
80.1
76.9
71.7
73.3
77.8
77.0
74.7
76.4
79.8
76.7
71.4
73.2
77.8
77.0
74.5
76.2
79.7
76.5
71.1
72.9
77.8
76.8
741
76.0
79.6
76.4
71.1
72.6
77.7
76.6
74.0
75.9
79.2
76.3
71.1
72.5
77.7
76.5
74.0
75.5
79.0
76.3
71.1
72.2
77.6
76.3
73.9
75.4
79.0
76.3
70.9
72.1
77.6
76.3
73.9
75.3
78.9
76.2
70.9
72.1
77.6
76.2
73.8
75.3
78.8
76.2
70.9
72.1
77.4
76.2
73.8
74.9
788
76
70.8
71.7
77.4
75.9
73.7
74.8
78.7
75.9
70.6
71.6
77.4
75.8
73.6
74.5
78.6
75.9
70.5
71.5
77.2
75.8
73.6
74.1
78.6
75.9
70.5
71.3
77.1
75.7
73.6
74.0
78.5
75.9
70.4
71.3
77.1
75.5
73.5
73.7
78.3
75.9
70.3
71.3
76.9
75.4
73.5
72.9
78.3
75.7
70.3
71.2
76.8
75.4
73.5
72.8
78.0
75.6
70.2
71.1
76.6
75.3
73.3
72.7
78.0
75.5
70.1
71.1
76.4
75.1
73.1
72.6
78.0
75.4
70
71.1
76.3
75.0
73.0
72.3
78.0
75.2
70
71
76.2
74.9
73.0
71.9
77.6
75.1
69.9
70.9
76.1
74.8
72.9
71.8
77.6
75.1
69.9
70.9
76
74.8
72.9
71.8
77.4
75.1
69.9
70.9
75.9
74.7
72.8
71.5
77.4
75.1
69.9
70.8
75.9
74.7
72.7
71.5
77.3
74.9
69.8
70.6
75.9
74.6
72.6
71.5
77.3
74.8
69.4
70.6
75.9
74.4
72.6
71.0
77.2
74.8
69.3
70.4
75.8
74.3
72.5
70.9
77.1
74.6
69.2
70.4
75.8
73.9
72.5
70.7
77.1
74.6
69.2
70.4
75.7
73.8
72.4
70.3
76.9
74.5
69.1
70.3
75.6
73.3
72.3
70.3
76.7
74.4
69.1
70.3
75.5
73.3
72.2
70.2
76.5
74.4
69.1
70.3
75.3
73.3
72.0
70.1
76.4
74.4
68.9
70.3
75.3
73.2
72.0
70.0
76.4
74.3
68.9
70.1
75.3
73.2
71.8
69.9
75.9
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70.1
75.3
73.0
71.8
69.7
75.8
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68.4
70
75.3
73.0
71.8
69.6
75.6
74
68.3
70
75.2
73.0
71.6
69.6
75.6
73.9
68.1
70
75.2
72.6
71.5
69.4
75.0
73.8
68
70
75.2
72.6
71.5
69.3
74.9
73.8
67.9
69.9
75.2
72.6
71.3
69.2
74.9
73.8
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72.5
71.1
69.0
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73.8
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72.5
71.1
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72.4
70.9
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74.5
73.7
67.6
69.6
74.9
72.4
70.4
68.8
74.5
73.6
67.6
69.6
74.8
72.4
70.4
68.7
74.4
73.6
67.6
69.4
74.8
72.0
70.1
68.7
74.3
73.6
67.5
69.4
74.7
71.9
70.0
68.7
74.3
735
67.5
69.4
74.7
71.6
69.9
68.3
74.2
73.4
67.4
69.3
74.6
71.5
69.8
68.2
74.0
73.4
67.4
69.3
74.6
71.5
69.8
67.8
74.0
73.3
67.3
69.3
74.6
71.5
69.6
67.8
73.9
73.3
67.3
69.1
74.5
71.4
69.5
67.0
73.8
73.2
67.3
69
74.5
71.3
69.3
66.7
73.7
73.1
67.2
68.8
74.4
71.3
69.1
66.7
73.6
73.1
67
68.7
74.4
71.3
68.9
66.6
73.5
73.1
66.9
68.5
74.4
71.2
68.8
66.5
73.4
72.9
66.9
68.5
74.4
71.0
68.8
66.4
73.0
72.8
66.9
68.1
74.3
70.9
68.5
66.3
72.9
72.8
66.9
68.1
74.3
70.8
68.4
66.0
72.8
72.8
66.8
67.8
74.3
70.6
68.4
65.9
72.8
72.7
66.8
67.7
74.3
70.4
68.3
65.8
72.8
72.6
66.7
67.6
74.2
70.4
68.0
65.7
72.6
72.5
66.6
67.6
74.1
70.3
67.9
65.6
72.4
72.4
66.6
67.6
74.1
70.3
67.7
65.6
72.3
72.3
66.6
67.6
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70.1
67.6
65.4
72.2
72.3
66.4
67.5
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69.9
67.5
65.0
72.2
72.3
66.4
67.5
73.9
69.8
67.4
64.9
72.2
72.2
66.3
67.4
73.8
69.8
67.4
64.9
72.1
72.2
66.1
67.4
73.7
69.7
67.3
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72.1
66.1
67.3
73.7
69.6
67.3
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72.0
72.1
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67.3
73.7
69.6
67.3
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67.2
73.7
69.5
67.0
64.4
71.6
71.9
65.8
66.7
73.7
69.5
67.0
64.4
71.4
71.8
65.6
66.6
73.6
69.5
66.9
64.4
71.3
71.6
65.5
66.6
73.6
69.5
66.9
64.4
71.3
71.5
65.3
66.6
73.5
69.5
66.9
64.3
71.3
71.5
65.1
66.6
73.4
69.2
66.8
64.3
70.8
71.5
64.9
66.5
73.3
69.1
66.7
64.0
70.7
71.4
64.9
66.4
73.2
69.0
66.7
63.8
70.5
71.4
64.9
66.4
73.2
69.0
66.5
63.7
70.0
71.4
64.9
66.3
73.2
68.9
66.4
63.6
70.0
71.1
64.8
66.3
73.1
68.9
66.3
63.4
69.9
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66.1
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68.9
66.3
63.4
69.6
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66
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68.8
66.3
63.2
69.5
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72.9
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66.0
63.2
69.3
70.8
64.5
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68.6
66.0
63.1
69.3
70.8
64.5
65.9
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68.6
65.6
62.9
69.0
70.8
64.4
65.8
72.8
68.5
65.6
62.2
68.9
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64.4
65.7
72.8
68.5
65.6
62.0
68.8
70.7
64.4
65.6
72.8
68.4
65.6
61.9
68.4
70.7
64.4
65.6
72.7
68.4
65.4
61.8
68.3
70.6
64.2
65.4
72.6
68.4
65.4
61.6
68.3
70.4
64.2
65.3
72.6
68.3
65.3
61.3
68.2
70.3
64.2
65.3
72.6
68.2
65.2
61.0
68.1
70
64.2
65.3
72.6
68.1
65.2
60.8
68.1
70
64.2
65.1
72.6
68.1
65.2
60.5
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72.6
68.0
65.2
60.4
68.0
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60.3
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64.6
72.5
67.9
65.1
60.3
67.8
69.8
64.1
64.6
72.3
67.8
65.1
60.2
67.4
69.8
63.9
64.3
72.3
67.7
65.0
60.1
67.3
69.7
63.8
64
72.1
67.7
64.9
60.0
66.8
69.6
63.8
64
72.1
67.7
64.9
59.8
66.7
69.6
63.7
63.7
72.1
67.6
64.8
59.6
66.1
69.4
63.6
63.6
72.1
67.5
64.6
59.5
66.1
69.4
63.6
63.6
72
67.5
64.5
59.4
66.0
69.4
63.6
63.6
72
67.4
64.4
58.9
66.0
69.1
63.4
63.5
71.9
67.2
64.4
58.8
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69.1
63.3
63.5
71.8
67.2
64.4
58.6
65.8
69
63.3
63.4
71.8
67.2
64.3
58.4
65.7
68.8
62.9
63.4
71.7
67.1
64.2
58.3
65.7
68.8
62.8
63.2
71.6
66.9
64.2
58.2
65.7
68.8
62.5
63.1
71.6
66.8
64.2
58.2
65.6
68.8
62.5
63.1
71.6
66.5
63.9
58.1
65.6
68.8
62.2
63
71.6
66.5
63.9
58.1
65.6
68.8
62.1
62.8
71.5
66.4
63.7
58.1
65.5
68.5
61.9
62.7
71.4
66.2
63.6
58.0
65.3
68.5
61.8
62.6
71.4
66.1
63.4
58.0
64.9
68.3
61.8
62.6
71.4
66.0
63.4
58.0
64.8
67.9
61.8
62.5
70.8
65.9
63.3
57.8
64.8
67.8
61.6
62.4
70.7
65.9
63.2
57.7
64.7
67.8
61.4
62.3
70.7
65.8
63.1
57.7
64.6
67.5
61.3
62.1
70.6
65.8
62.9
57.6
64.6
67.4
61.3
62.1
70.4
65.8
62.9
57.6
64.6
67.3
61.3
61.9
70.3
65.7
62.7
57.4
64.4
67.2
61.3
61.8
70.3
65.7
62.5
57.4
64.4
66.9
60.9
61.6
70.2
65.7
62.4
57.3
64.3
66.8
60.9
61.4
69.8
65.5
62.3
57.3
64.3
66.8
60.8
61.3
69.8
65.5
62.3
57.3
64.2
66.7
60.6
61.3
69.1
65.3
62.2
56.7
64.0
66.6
60.4
61.2
68.9
65.3
62.1
56.6
64.0
66.6
60.2
61
68.3
65.2
62.1
56.6
63.8
66.5
60.2
61
68.2
65.1
62.1
56.6
63.6
66.4
60.1
60.7
68
65.1
61.9
56.6
63.5
66.1
60
60.6
67.1
64.8
61.9
56.4
63.3
65.9
59.9
60.6
66.8
648
61.8
56.2
63.2
65.9
59.9
60.6
66.3
64.7
61.7
56.0
63.1
65.9
59.8
60.6
65.8
64.6
61.7
56.0
63.1
65.8
59.8
60.5
65.6
64.5
61.6
55.8
63.1
65.3
59.8
60.4
65.1
64.5
61.6
55.7
63.0
65.1
59.8
60.1
64.8
64.4
61.6
55.7
62.9
65
59.6
59.9
64.7
64.4
61.5
55.6
62.9
64.7
59.3
59.9
64.6
64.2
61.4
55.0
62.5
64.4
59.2
59.9
64.1
64.2
61.4
54.9
62.2
64.4
59.1
59.6
64.1
63.8
61.4
54.9
61.9
64.3
59.1
59.6
63.9
63.8
61.0
54.9
61.8
64.3
59.1
59.2
63.7
63.7
60.9
54.8
61.6
64.3
58.8
59.1
63.6
63.6
60.8
54.7
61.5
63.8
58.6
58.8
62.8
63.6
60.7
54.5
61.5
63.1
58
58.7
62.6
63.2
60.7
54.5
61.2
63.1
57.8
58.4
62.5
63.1
60.7
54.2
60.7
62.7
57
58.3
62
63.0
60.7
54.2
60.6
62.3
57
58.3
62
62.9
60.5
54.1
60.3
62.3
56.9
58.3
61.9
62.9
60.3
53.9
60.2
61.8
56.8
58.1
61.9
629
60.2
53.9
60.2
61.4
56.5
57.9
61.8
62.8
60.1
53.8
60.1
60.8
56.1
57.9
61.7
62.8
60.0
53.5
60.0
60.7
55.9
57.9
61.6
62.8
60.0
53.5
59.6
60.7
55.8
57.8
61.4
62.6
59.7
53.3
59.6
60.4
55.5
57.8
61.3
62.3
59.7
53.1
59.6
60.2
55.5
57.8
61.2
62.3
59.6
531
59.4
60.1
55.1
57.6
61.1
62.0
59.6
53.1
59.1
59.9
54.9
56.8
60.4
62.0
59.5
53.0
58.8
59.9
54.8
56.4
60.4
61.9
59.5
53.0
58.4
59.5
54.2
56.1
59.5
61.5
59.4
52.8
58.3
59.5
51.8
55.8
59.4
61.2
59.3
52.7
58.1
58.9
51
55.2
58.9
61.2
59.3
52.6
58.1
57.2
50.5
53.3
58.9
61.1
59.1
52.4
58.0
Leq=75.3
Leq=69.9
Leq=71.5
Leq=78
Leq=73.2
Leq=71.2
Leq=73.7
Leq=79

一号点分贝的平均值为（75.3+73.2）/2=74.3
二号点分贝的平均值为（69.9+71.2）/2=70.6
三号点分贝的平均值为（71.5+73.7）/2=72.6
四号点分贝的平均值为（78.0+79.0）/2=78.5
布点理由
我们所布的四个点呈正方形，包括西大附中,西大沙地足球场,以及西大附中门前的马路。我们之所以选取以下四个点有以下原因：
其一：一号点在公交车站牌附近是为了测量较大型车辆靠近时产生的噪音。
其二：二号点选在西大沙地足球场可测量从西大出去的车辆所产生的噪声。
其三：由布点图可以看出三号点的位置是在一个马路口，而且在西大附中大门的正对面，据我们推测噪声可能会较高，可能会对学校影响较大，所以选取。
其四：我们组想了解西大附中门口不同时段的噪声情况，所以选取该点。
结论
经我们研究发现：在西大附中前马路公车站牌处（1号点）各个时段分贝均较高，与之对称的（3号点）则相对较低。但在汽车鸣笛示1号点3号点噪声分贝达到最高。而西大沙地足球场（2号点）由于比较空旷在各个时段分贝均较低。系大附中门前（4号点）平时分贝较低，但在放学高峰期则呈现出较高的水平，是所有四个点中最高的。
建议
由于西大附中门前马路比较狭窄和闭塞，所以车辆过处会产生较大噪声，建议车辆在经过此路段时减速行驶，且禁止鸣笛。
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