高考专题汇总：2015核动力高考总复习书-英语.doc

话题之十三　竞选活动
(2013·天津卷)假设你是某大学的学生李津。你校英语俱乐部将选举新一届副主席，负责规划、组织俱乐部的相关活动。你欲参选。请按以下提示，写一篇竞选演讲稿。
◇个人优势介绍(如性格、特长等)；
◇组织校内活动的设想(如举办讲座、英语晚会等)；
◇组织校际交流活动的设想(如举办辩论赛、演讲比赛等)；
◇表达当选的愿望。
注意：1.词数不少于100；
2．请勿提及真实学校名称；
3．可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
4．开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：副主席vice president　竞选run for
Good afternoon, my dear friends.
My name is Li Jin.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
Thank you.
【高分范文】
Good_afternoon,_my_dear_friends.
My_name_is_Li_Jin.Today I am very glad to have the chance to run for the vice president of the English Club.Concerning the position of vice president of the English Club, I feel qualified to take the job.First, I have gained a lot of experience and received wide praise from my classmates for my job as monitor.Second, I am a warm－hearted boy and always ready to help others.Third, I am good at organizing activities and have held a number of English corners and discussions.
Looking into the future, I will try my best to assist the president and serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the vice president.My plan is as follows: on the one hand, I will organize some campus activities, like “English Evening”， a platform where students can show their English.In this process, we can still learn from each other.And I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire a lot of knowledge.On the other hand, I will organize more activities to enhance the interschool communication.We can compete with students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests.Moreover, I will open more channels for you to voice your opinions and need.
I sincerely hope you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good vice president.
Thank_you.
【范文点评】　这是一篇感情真挚、热情洋溢的演讲稿，文中大量运用各种句型，不但准确流畅地表达出题目中所提供的信息，而且体现出作者熟练运用英语的能力以及不俗的文采。
1．使用了很多高级词汇和短语，如have the chance to do，run for, be qualified to do, compete with，on the one hand, on the other hand, moreover等等。
2．使用了现在分词做状语的句子。
Looking into the future, I will try my best to assist the president and serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the vice president.
3．使用了目的状语从句。

And I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire a lot of knowledge.
句式仿写：为了能给妈妈在母亲节买礼物，小男孩把每一枚硬币都攒了下来。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.

Ⅰ.高频单词
1．gain v．获得；赢得→gainful adj.有收益的，有报酬的
2．concentrate v．集中(思想、注意力等)；全神贯注→concentration n．专心，专注
3．strength n．长处，优势，力气→strengthen v．使坚强，加强
4．associate vt.联想，联系→association n．联想；协会
5．gifted adj.有天赋的＝talented adj.有天赋的→gift/talent n．天分，天赋
6．description n．描述，形容→describe v．描述
7．predict vt.预言，预测→prediction n．预测
8．expression n．表情；表达能力，用词→express v．表达，表示
9．deserve vt.应得，值得→deserved adj.应得的，当然的→deservedly adv.应得报酬地，当然地→deserving adj.应受支持的，值得帮助的
10．failure n．失败→fail v．使失望；失败，没有通过(考试)
11．accuse vt.控告，谴责→accused adj.被指责的，被控告的→accusation n．控告，告发，指责
12．independent adj.独立的→dependent adj.依靠的→depend v．依靠，依赖
13．desire n．& v．渴望，期望→desirable adj.渴望的
14．satisfaction n．满意，满足→satisfy v．使满意，满足→satisfying adj.令人满意的
15．confirm v．证实→confirmation n．证实；确认书，证明书
16．requirement n．要求→require v．需要，要求
17．aboard prep.在(上)船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上→board v．上(船等) n．木板→abroad adv.在(到)国外→broad adj.宽的，广阔的
18．account n．账目；理由；报道→account v．认为，说明→accountant n．会计
19．bleed vi.流血→blood n．血
20．devote vt.献身于，专心致志于→devotion n．奉献
21．judge n．& v．法官，审判员；断定，认为→judgement n．判断力，识别力
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．talk_sb.into_doing_sth. 　　　劝服某人做某事
2．draw_up 起草
3．concentrate_on 集中于；专心于
4．end_up 结果为……，以……结束
(尤指意料之外的)
5．in_terms_of 就某事来说，从某个角度上看
6．be_willing_to_do_sth. 愿意做某事
7．deal_with 处理，应付
8．be_patient_with_sb. 耐心对待某人
9．tell_sb.off 斥责或责备某人
10．glare_at 怒视
11．come/spring_to_mind 突然想到，猛然想到
12．to_be_honest 说实话
13．can’t_help_doing_sth. 禁不住要做某事,Ⅲ.常用句型
1．Suppose you are a group leader.
假设你是组长。
【要点提炼】　suppose“假定，假设”，在此为连词，引导条件状语从句，相当于if。也可用supposing。
2．If_necessary，look them up in a dictionary.
如果有必要的话，就在词典中查一下它们．
【要点提炼】　If necessany＝If it is necessary.
3．Supported_by_his_academic_research，Professor Salovey suggested that when predicting
someone’s future success，their character，as measured by EQ test，might actually matter more than their IQ.
【要点提炼】　supported by his academic research为过去分词短语在句子中作原因状语。其逻辑主句通常是句子的主语。
4．...There_is_little_doubt_that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people...
……几乎毫无疑问，低情商的人在与人相处方面常有困难……
【要点提炼】　there is little doubt that...
【句式仿写】
1．____________I say I love you, will you believe me?
假如我说：喜欢你，你相信吗？
【答案】　 Supposing/ Suppose
2．They think she may try to phone._____， someone must stay here.　
他们认为她可能来电话。 要是这样的话， 就得有人守在这儿。
【答案】　 If so
3．____________ by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone
因为害怕老虎， 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。
【答案】　　Frightened
4．There is __________we will ___________designing the project.　
几乎毫无疑问，我们能成功把这项工程设计出来。
【答案】　 little doubt that；succeed in

1．gain vt.& vi.& n．获得，赢得；(钟表)走快；利益
【归纳拓展】
gain by/from...从……中获益
gain in 在……方面有所增加或增长
There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision.
推迟决定得不到任何好处。
Wine bars have gained in popularity in recent years.
近年来，以供应葡萄酒为主的酒吧越来越受欢迎。

gain/acquire/earn/achieve
(1)gain收获；获得。指获得有用或必需的东西。可以用于体重、力量的增加，奖学金的获得，更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。
(2)acquire购得，得到(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西)；获得，掌握(知识、技能等)。
(3)earn取得；赚得。通常指通过工作挣钱，也可以用于应该得到的东西，如支持、认同、声望或尊敬
(4)achieve得到；获得。多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
Her unusual talent gained her worldwide recognition.
她非凡的才能举世公认。
He had finally achieved success.
他终于获得了成功。
She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
她英语已经学得很好。
He earned the respect of his students.
他赢得了学生的尊重。
2．accuse v．指责，谴责；控告；告发
【归纳拓展】
accuse sb.of...指控某人犯……错/罪
be accused of...被指控犯了……错/罪
accused adj.被指责的，被控告的
accusation n．控告，告发，指责
She accused him of stealing her money.
她控告了他偷了她的钱。
【温馨提示】
blame sb.for sth./doing sth.因(做)某事责备某人
scold sb.for sth./doing sth.为(做)某事批评某人
punish sb.for sth./doing sth.为(做)某事而惩罚某人
charge sb.with sth.因某事控告某人
The boy was punished by his father for his stealing money.
那孩子由于偷钱而受到了父亲的惩罚。
3．concentrate v．集中(思想、注意力等)；全神贯注
concentration n．专心；专注
【归纳拓展】
concentrate(sth.)on(doing)sth.集中于；专心于……
concentrate one’s attention/efforts/thoughts on...
把注意力/努力/思想集中到……
be concentrated in/on/upon sth.集中于，专心于……
We should concentrate all our efforts on improving education.
我们应该致力于改进教育工作。
He concentrated on the study of English.
他把重点放在英语学习上。
Our population is concentrated in the big cities.
我国人口集中在大城市里。
【温馨提示】
focus/fix one’s attention on...集中注意力于……
put one’s mind/heart in(into)专心于……
be absorbed in...一心一意于……
apply oneself/one’s mind to...专心于……
pay attention to专心， 注意……
【注意】　以上短语中in，to都是介词，后接名词或动名词。
4．judge v．审判，审理；评判；判断，断定
judgement n．看法；判断力
【归纳拓展】
judge by/from从……来看，根据……来判断
judge sb./sth.评判，评价某人/物
judge sb./sth.(to be)＋n./adj.认为某人/物……
Judging by what everyone says about him，I’d say he has a good chance of winning.
根据大家对他的评价来判断，我想他大有赢的可能。
The judge sentenced her to 12 months imprisonment.
法官判她一年监禁。
In my judgement，we should accept the employer’s offer.
依我看，我们应当接受雇主的提议。
【温馨提示】
在英语中，对于分词作状语时，到底应用现在分词还是过去分词，一般取决于对应动词与其逻辑主语之间存在的逻辑关系。但也有一些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
Generally speaking...一般说来……
Frankly speaking...坦白地说……
Considering...考虑到……
To tell you the truth...说实话……
5．confirm vt.证实；坚定(决心、意见等)，使(人)有信心
confirmation n．证实；确认书；证明书
【归纳拓展】
confirm sth.证实某事
confirm that－clause证实，确定
confirm sb.in sb.’s belief/opinion/view
使某人的信念/意见/观点更加坚定
It is/has been confirmed that已经确定……
The experiment confirmed his theory.
那个实验证实了他的理论。
The expression on his face confirmed me in my suspicions.
他脸上的表情证实了我的怀疑。
There’s still no official confirmation of the rumor.
这种传闻仍未得到官方证实。
It has been confirmed that he’ll come back in a week.
已经确定他会在一周内回来。
6．requirement n．需要，要求规定
require vt.& vi.需要，要求
【归纳拓展】
require sb.to do要求某人做……
require doing/to be done要求被做……；需要做……
require sth.of sb.要求某人某物
require that...(should＋)动词原形要求做……
It is/was required that...(should＋)动词原形要求做……
Our immediate requirement is extra staff.
我们急需增加工作人员。
Not all goods satisfy the customers’ requirements.
并非所有的商品都能满足顾客的需求。
Everybody is required to attend the meeting.
所有人都被要求出席会议。
These young trees will require looking after carefully.
这些小树需要悉心照料。
7．account n．(银行)账户；说明；理由；计算；账目；报道
　vi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有
【归纳拓展】
open an account开一个账户
account for说明(原因等)；作出解释
on account of由于，因为
on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
on any account无论如何
take account of＝take...into consideration/account考虑到……
keep an account of记录，记载
He could not account for his foolish mistake.
他无法解释他所犯的愚蠢的错误。
Give us an account for what happened.
跟我们说一下到底发生了什么。
She retired early on account of ill health.
她因身体不好，所以提前退休。
The company takes account of environmental issues.
这家公司考虑到了环境问题。
8．deserve vt.应得，值得
【归纳拓展】
deserve＋n.值得……；应得……
deserve＋to do值得做……；应该做……
deserve＋doing/to be done值得被做……
You deserve a rest after all that hard work.
辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。
The report deserves considering.这报告值得考虑。
【温馨提示】
(1)deserve 不用于进行时。
(2)deserve＋doing 时，doing 主动形式表达被动含义，相当于接被动语态的动词不定式，即 to be done.
9．devote vt.献身于，专心致志于
【归纳拓展】
(1)devote sth.to sth./doing sth.把……奉献于……
devote oneself to sth.献身……，热爱……，专心致力于……
(2)devoted adj.忠实的，挚爱的；专心致志的
be devoted to sb./sth.对……忠诚/热衷于……(to为介词)
(3)devotion n．献身，挚爱；专心，热衷
devotion to ...对…… 的热爱/专心(to为介词)
I’m devoting all my time and energy to being a mom right now.目前我把所有时间和精力都放在当妈妈这件事上。
He is devoted to his music.他热爱他的音乐。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．All the students must wear school ________(制服) in the school.
【答案】　uniforms
2．All the people in the world________(渴望)peace，security and happiness.
【答案】　desire
3．You might meet a German who’s a________(自信的)dancer with a great sense of humour.
【答案】　confident
4．What do you hope to________(获得)by this action?
【答案】　gain
5．Her love and support gave me ________(力量)．
【答案】　strength
Ⅱ.单项填空

1．(2014·泉州模拟)When he was driving home，he was stopped by the policeman and was________of speeding.
A．charged B．blamed
C．accused D．warned
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析。句意：开车回家时，他被警察拦下，指控他超速。be accused of在意义上相当于be charged with，意为：指控某人……。
【答案】　C
2．(2014·合肥质检)Rose is Mr.Smith’s secretary，so she has ________ to all his business e－mails.

A．e B．account C．way D．access
【解析】　考查名词词义辨析。access“接触，使用”。句意：Rose是史密斯先生的秘书，所以她能接触到他的所有商务邮件。power“力量”；account“账号”；way“方法”。
【答案】　D
3．(2014·太原模拟)Your watch________about five minutes a day.You’d better get it repaired at once.
A．earns B．gains
C．obtains D．quickens
【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：你的手表大约每天快5分钟。你最好马上(找人)修修。gain“(钟，表)快”；earn“赚得，获得，赢得”；obtain“获得”；quicken“加快”。
【答案】　B
4．The customer________his deliverer________delivering his goods to the wrong address.
A．accused；with B．charged；by
C．accused；of D．charged；of
【解析】　accuse...of与charge...with...是固定搭配，意为“因……而控告”。
【答案】　C
5．________ of being involved in the attempted murder，she was questioned by the police.
A．Convinced B．Suspected
C．Charged D．Confirmed
【解析】　句意：被警方怀疑(suspect)参与了这起谋杀未遂案，她受到了警察的询问。convince“说服，使人相信……”，其结构为convince sb.of sth.；charge“控告，控诉”，其结构为charge sb.with sth.；confirm“确定，批准”，其结构为confirm sb.in...。
【答案】　B
6．Now I see you want to ________ the position as you said just now.Could you please give me a brief ________ your intention?
A．apply for; account of
B．react to; introduction about
C．reply for; description of
D．remind of; instruction about
【解析】　apply for sth.“申请……”；account可意为“叙述；讲述；描述”，相当于description。
【答案】　A
7．(2014·日照模拟)The man said he would accept the job on the phone，but we’d better ________ his acceptance in written form.
A．convey B．convince
C．confirm D．consider
【解析】　句意：那个人说他将通过电话接受这份工作，但是我们最好用书面形式确认他的接受。confirm“确认，批准”，符合句意。convey“传达，传递”；convince“使相信，使确信”；consider“考虑”。
【答案】　C
8．I suggest that the person________put into prison.
A．refer to B．referred to be
C．referring to should be D．referred to was
【解析】　refer to“提及”，在句中作定语，表被动，相当于who was referred to；suggest “建议”，后加宾语从句时谓语用(should)＋动词原形，表虚拟。
【答案】　B
9．(2014·湖北七市联考)Putin has won the Russian’s presidential election as expected，over which many hold the opinion that he________it in terms of his contribution to the country.
A．permits B．deserves
C．admits D．preserves
【解析】　句意为：普京，如人们所料，赢得了俄罗斯的总统大选，对此许多人认为就他对国家的贡献而言，这是他应该得到的。deserve “值得，应该得到”；permit “允许”；admit “承认，允许入内”；preserve “保存，保留”。
【答案】　B
10．(2014·杭州模拟)The premier _______ the importance of developing Chinese economy in his speech at University of Cambridge.
A．approved B．devoted
C．realized D．stressed
【解析】　句意：总理在剑桥大学强调了发展中国经济的重要性。stress“强调”，符合句意。approve“赞成，同意”；devote“奉献，把……专注于”；realize“实现，理解”。
【答案】　D

1．talk sb.into doing sth.劝服某人做某事
【归纳拓展】
talk sb.out of (doing) sth.说服某人打消(做)……的念头
persuade sb.to do/into doing sth.说服某人做某事
persuade sb.out of doing sth.说服某人停止做某事，劝阻……
argue sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事
argue sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事
I didn’t want to move abroad，but Bill talked me into it.
我本不想移居国外，但是比尔把我说服了。
I talked him out of changing his job.

我说服他打消了换工作的念头。
Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t really want.
不要让别人说服你去买那些你并不需要的东西。
2．draw up起草，拟订；使排好队伍；使(车、马等)停住
【归纳拓展】
draw away拉走，离开
draw back拉起，退后，犹豫，不守诺言
draw down拉下，吸引，招来
draw in(车)到站；(天)渐黑
draw near临近
draw oneself up挺直身体站立
The car drew up(at the gate)and three men got out.
汽车(在门前)停了下来，从车里走出三个人。
The soldiers were drawn up outside the palace.
士兵在宫殿外面排好了队列。
He drew himself up to his full height.
他挺起胸笔直地站着。
3．in terms of就……来说，从某个角度来看；根据，按照
【归纳拓展】
in the long/short term就长期/短期而言
be on...terms with sb.与某人相交
in terms of在……方面
in sb.’s terms在某人看来
US foreign policy tended to see everything in terms of the Vietnam war.
美国的外交政策往往从越南战争的角度来看待一切。
In terms of customer satisfaction，the policy cannot be criticized.
说到顾客的满意情况，这个政策无可挑剔。
In their terms，cutting government spending is the most important thing.
根据他们的观点，削减政府开支是最重要的事情。
The company’s prospects look good in the long term.
公司的远景看好。
4．can’t help doing sth.禁不住要做某事
【归纳拓展】
can’t help but do不得不做，忍不住做
can’t but do不得不做
can’t help(to)do不能帮忙做
help oneself to自行取用(食物)，随意使用
help sb.out帮助某人脱离困境
Look at these lovely dresses.I can’t help buying one.
看看这些漂亮的裙子！我忍不住要买一件。
When I won first prize，I could not help but cry with joy.
→When I was given first prize，I could not help crying with joy.
当我获得一等奖时，我忍不住高兴地哭了出来。
When I bought the house，my sister helped me out with a loan.
我买这所房子时，我姐姐借给我一笔钱救急。

Ⅰ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
accuse sb.of...；concentrate...on...；talk sb.into doing；draw up；in terms of
1．She________her husband________(have)a holiday in France.
【答案】　talked；into having
2．A truck________in front of the house.
【答案】　drew up
3．He________killing his good friend.
【答案】　was accused of
4．I can’t________my studies with all that noise going on.
【答案】　concentrate on
5．_______