巧用推测手段解完形填空题.doc

巧用推测手段解完形填空题

完形填空是高考英语试卷中客观试题的主要组成部分，也是考生感到困难、得分率较低的一种综合性题型。做完型填空时，考生应该充分地利用上下文，注意行文逻辑，强调整体性阅读。它要求考生不但要有比较扎实的语言知识，较大的词汇量，而且要具有一定的语篇分析能力及逻辑思维能力。要做好这种题型，考生除了必备的语言基础知识和基本技能之外，还应了解其命题特点，掌握一定的解题技巧。
一、利用上下文语境来推测(Judge by context)
在完形填空中，有些空格设计要求考生根据上下文内容选择。一般情况下，此类试题特征是上下文有呼应，考生必须从上下文的提示中寻找答案。也就是说，上文空格中需要填空的词，下文会直接或通过暗示出现。反之，下文的空格所要填的词，在上文已直接或通过暗示出现。更要注意的是，有些在文章开头挖的空，可能要到文章结束才能获得信息提示，也有的在文章末尾挖的空，可能在文章开头就已经点明了。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。考生在做题时，应注意上下文呼应，前后联系，善于抓住文章的每一个细节，也即做到“瞻前顾后”，往往会有茅塞顿开的喜悦！
例1：One time he said ，“Doc，a deaf-and-dumb（聋哑）needed some nails。Having entered a house，he put two fingers together on the counter and made 47 movements with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer.”
47、A cutting B hammering C waving D circling
分析：第47题应选B。因为其后一句讲到“店员给他拿了一把锤子”，由此可以推断出这个聋哑人前面做出的应该是“锤打”这一动作，故选B。
例2：Ed first phoned and suggested we play … So when Ed 45 for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly 46 ，I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape …
45、A set out B got ready C arrived D returned
46、A notice B admire C believe D measure
分析：本题既要求“瞻前”，又要“顾后”。第45空从句型，固定搭配上看四个答案均可，但文章前面提到“Ed first phoned and suggested we play”可知Ed是预约“我”去打羽毛球。故第45空应为C：arrived(赶到)，再看第46空，许多考生只看了“His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers”而错选了C或D。其实只要再往后看，即“顾后”：“I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape …”则不难看出作者是说Ed肚子前后变化形成鲜明对比，故而引起惊奇，所以第46题正确答案为A。
例3：I would go to the pile of letters marked with “Funny” if we needed a 49 or …
49 、 A cry B laugh C chat D sigh …
分析：根据前文的“Funny”可知正确答案为B.
例4：
Dear Laura,
I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world. Well, I’m here to give you 36 .
… I could 41 wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before.
36 、 A hope B advice C support D courage
41、 A perhaps B really C almost D hardly
分析：由该段中的上一句话“You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world”可知Hilary对生活中是否有真爱存在质疑，缺乏信心，故作者为了增加当事人对生活的“信心，希望和热爱”，所以正确答案为A。
例5：Finally he got up and went into the 46 … The owner continued, “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man...”
46 、A restaurant B washroom C office D kitchen
分析：由文章末尾的The owner continued, “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man...” 可知侦探是走进了厨房“kitchen”，所以正确答案为D。
二、利用文化背景知识和生活常识来推测(Judge by cultural background and common sense of life)
完形填空的知识包容量大，涉及范围广。从政治、经济、文化、科技到天文、历史、地理知识；从风俗人情到民族习惯等，可谓包罗万象。其中有些命题角度正落脚在生活常识背景知识方面。通常该类题以学生熟悉的生活常识为主，还要求考生不仅要熟练掌握语言知识和运用能力，还要求考生具有比较丰富的阅历，背景知识和生活常识的积累和个人体验。一般来说，个人阅历越多，背景知识和生活常识积累越多，选择此类题型的难度越小。
例1：It was an early morning in summer .In the streets ，sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly，heading towards their 41.
41、 A jobs B homes C buses D offices
分析：人们正在上班的路上，但上班的人并非都坐在办公室，故选A。
例2：Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the papers to 30.
30、 A check B read C keep D sign
分析：溺爱儿子的老母让儿子过着衣来伸手饭来张口的生活，自然连报纸也是送到他身边让儿子看，故选B read.
例3：What is intelligence（智力）anyway？When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took，and against 37 of 100， scored 160.
37、A an average B a total C an exam D a number
分析：该题若考生能充分调动自己关于智商的基本常识，就能轻而易举地选出答案A。“我”在智商测试中得了160分，按常识，高于120为高智商者，低于80分者为低智商者，故100分为平均水平 所以第37空应该选A “an average ”。
三、利用语篇标志来推测(Judge by clue words)
所谓“语篇标志”，简而言之，就是指行文中用来表示逻辑关系（如so,thus,therefore,for;however,but,while;also,as well;besides,
fourthermore,what’s more,further等）、结构层次（firstly secondly thirdly等）以及插入语等标明句群，段落，篇章的内在联系的词或词组，抓住语篇标志有利于理清文章的网络及上下文的联系。因此在学习过程中要善于总结积累，注意分类学习。
例1：…“ If we must have these noisy trucks on the roads, ” said John Harry, a biology student … Harry Field also studying 36 said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials
to realize what everybody was having to stand .
36、 A well B hard C biology D education
分析：此题中关键词是“also”，说明Harry Field的情况同上文的Jean Lacey， a biology student …中的情况一致，故应选C。
例2：Finally I turned the lock and pushed the door open, with Dad still complaining about a hurting knee or something. I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my 43, the room wasn’t empty at all！
43、 A regret B disappointment C surprise D knowledge
分析：由关键词“But”说明后面所发生的情况出乎意料，故正确答案为C surprise。
例3：Whatever their bills came to, he 53 gave them back the few odd pence （零钱），and I am sure they thought he was generous.
53、 A never B ever C seldom D always
分析：由语篇标志词“and”及语境“I am sure they thought he was generous”可知顾客们认为店主特别的大方，所以总是把该找的零钱如数找回，故正确答案为D always。
4： The president was 51 , because he could get rid of them now.
51 、A bored B astonished C interested D pleased
分析：由语篇标志词“because”及语境“he could get rid of them now”可知“president”在打发走他不愿见的人之后的心情应该是D pleased。
四、利用语法知识来推测(Judge by grammar)
近几年来的完形填空在命题设计上出现了重大突破，一改过去对语法，句式关系及固定句型的考查，而侧重于考查学生的逻辑思维能力和对具体语境的把握，尤其是对整体语义的理解能力，单纯语法知识的考查日趋渐少，但也不是完全没有。从语法角度命题主要体现在两个方面：一是句子结构，二是上下文逻辑关系。解题时要重视设置题目的长难句句子的分析和上下文的逻辑关系。
例1：She picked up a wire basket and walked towards the back of the store 36 the rice was kept.
36、 A which B that C there D where
分析：此题是一纯粹考查定语从句语法知识的空，其先行词为“store”，定语从句中缺状语，所以正确答案为D where。
例2：When Ed first phoned and 56 we play, I laughed quietly …
56 、A declared B mentioned C persuaded D suggested
分析：该空也是纯粹考查语法知识，根据其宾语从句“we play”可知道其实是省略了”should”而来，四个选项中的动词只有D suggested 有此用法，故正确答案为D。
例3：…they sometimes even had their order already made up. Always 40 me to carry it out to their car.
40、 A making B letting C getting D keeping
分析：由后面的复合结构中的宾语补足语是带“to”可知正确答案为C getting。
例4：What kind of people put themselves in danger to 42 pictures to our TV screens and stories to our newspapers？
42、 A bring B show C take D make
分析：该题是考查同一动词能与两个宾语的搭配，根据句中的两个宾语“pictures”和“stories”可知唯有A bring才是最佳选项。
五、利用词意的细微差别来推测(Judge by telling the slight difference between synonyms)
动词、名词是考查的重点，特别是对意义上较接近的词应仔细区别，并结合上下文提供的线索，精斟细酌、辨析意义，选出最佳选项。完形填空中的词与词的搭配和词义的辨析，主要考查动词和介词的搭配，动宾的搭配。这主要是考查特定的语境与情景的语意辨析。解答此题时，首先要通读全文，掌握大意，在解答时，尽量使用语言知识和故事情节，语言环境。，
例1：When she finally graduated she had her eyes on a teaching 51 at a nearby primary school. With the help of her friends ，she had an interview with the head.
51、A profession B position C career D occupation
分析：该题要求我们仔细区分四个同义词：A profession “职业”；B position“职位，工作岗位”； C career“谋生之道，职业”；D occupation“行业，事业”，所以正确答案为B position。
例2： I went to the kitchen to 42 the coffee, tea, and morning goodies…
42、 A start B cook C set D serve
分析：句中所要填的动词连续带了三个宾语“coffee, tea, and morning goodies”，能接的只有动词A start和D serve，但根据上下文知道“我”不是去“serve”而应该是A “start”。
例3My first novel 45 while I was at college.
45、 A came on B came in C came out D came back
分析：A came on“取得进步，发展；到达” B came in“开始流行，取得名次；上涨”；C came out“出版发行；（真相）大白；出现，呈现”；D came back“再度流行，回来”，故正确答案为C。
例4： My patience had 26 and I shouted at her, “Can’t you see you’re not leaving me enough space？Park me over！”
26 、A run into B run about C run out D run off
分析：A run into “偶遇”；B run about“四处跑动”；C run out“用完，耗尽”
D run off“使……流走”.故正确答案为C “run out”。
六 代入答案，再读全文，修正错误
填好所有的空格后，再把短文重读一遍，核查答案，看全文是否通顺流畅，用词是否恰当，是否符合语法要求和英语表达习惯。对自己易犯的错误要特别细心察看，弥补疏漏。例如，名词该用单数还是复数形式；前面是否需要用冠词；代词的性、格、谓语动词的人称和数是否正确等等。经过审核，如果发现错误，则加以纠正。但是对于一些经过分析后仍然模棱两可的最好尊重第一印象，还是不改动为好。
例如：Consider my auto-repair man again .He had a habit of telling 45 .One time he said, “ Doc. A deaf-and –dumb man needed some nails, having entered a store , he put two fingers together on the counter and made hammering movements with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer…”
45 、A lies B jokes C news D takes
分析：看完全文之后知道auto-repair man善于开玩笑，故正确答案为B jokes。
总之，利用推测手段方法解答完型填空题时，要根据题目的性质和命题角度灵活运用，切忌墨守成规，死搬硬套。此外，还要加强基础知识的学习，巩固和运用，以及基本学习素质和能力的培养，唯有如此，才能充分发挥推测方法在解答完形填空时的运用。