英语短文填空命题原则及其解题指导.doc

中考英语短文填空的主要题型及复习建议
重庆市江津第六中学
付林
Email:001fulin@
一、 短文填空的命题原则：
1. 材料选取。
从考查的材料来看， 短文填空主要选取反映学生学习、生活、心理体会的文章，其次，以社会热点、名人事迹为辅；再次，选取一般故事性的短文。从09年看，比如重庆选取我与同学之间的关系、山东的谈读书、广州的谈集邮、扬州的谈如何了解自己、临沂的介绍林肯、烟台谈青少年写博客、淄博的反映学生学习各负担过重问题等。
2. 难度控制。
从短文的词汇数量上来看，一篇短文填空的词汇量一般在180~230个左右，像我们重庆地区的短文填空的文章词汇一般不会超出230通常在220个左右。从考查的词汇而言，主要是大纲要求的四会词语（即重点词汇），不要求掌握的词汇、一般词汇，通常不作为考查的对象。
3. 考点的设置。
短文填空的考点设置，主要以名词、动词、形容词副词、介词为主要考查对象，在短文的布局上遵循首句、末句不设空；不逐句设空；每段设置2~3个空；在设空的同时，注意前后暗示和上下文相互暗示的原则。
二、 短文填空的主要题型：
1. 全国主要题型。
（1） 选词填空。
该题型主要是以要求考生根据短文内容，从所给词汇中选择正确词语，并根据语句的需要做适当的变化后，填入空格中，使短文的意思完整。此类考查方式在全国的中考英语试题中所占的比例比较大。
（2） 看图短文填空。
该题型主要是将图与短文联系在一起，要求考生通过阅读短文的同时，借助图画所表达的内容，填写短文所缺的词语，是短文的通顺。如广东。
（3） 根据首字母填空。
该题型要求考生，阅读短文，根据短文内容和所提供的首字母，在空格处填入一个适当的单词，此类考题在全国范围内占主流。如09年山东省、广州市、南京市、武汉市、扬州。
（4） 语句还原式短文填空。
该题型要求考生通读短文，在了解短文大意的情况下，从所给的语句中选择符合表达需要的句子填入空格中，使短文意思连贯、通顺。如09年江西省、成都市、。
（5） 特定词类短文填空。
例如专门以动词的正确形式填空，主要以考查学生对动词的各种用法。临沂
2. 重庆市近年来的题型。
重庆市11年中考的短文填空题型，经历了一个由探索、定型、完善、提高的过程。
（1）探索时期（99年---2002年）
从99年最初的命名为“书面表达·看图填空”初步确立短文填空的雏形；经过第一年在全市统一考试的试点后，2000年该题型改为“根据首字母写出正确的单词”；01年的“阅读短文填空”；02年的“看图写话”这一阶段，我们可以看出，短文填空在重庆的中考英语试题中处于探索阶段，命题者在探索短文填空这一题型以何种形式出现最佳、最有利于考查学生的英语阅读能力和掌握英语的水平。
（2）定型时期（2003年---2004年）
这一时期，短文填空的命题方式、文章的选取、空格的设置、分值、题号及评分标准等已经基本确定。
（3）完善提高时期（2005---）
在这一时期，命题者从短文材料的选取上，不再像过去那样，只注重故事性，更注重对学生社会阅历、学生学习生活、青少年心理的问题，也更加注重考查学生对社会问题的关注。从这点上，我们可以看出，新课程标准出台以后，考查的方向性更加明确。
(99年)
书面表达。
看图填空
One afternoon just before Christmas, an old kind man was walking in the street when he saw a little boy 56 in front of a beautiful show window.
The old man 57 why he was crying there. The little boy said that he had lost the ten dollars given by his mother. When the old man 58 this, he put his hand into his pocket and took 59 a small wallet(钱夹)and gave him 60 was inside.
The little boy 61 him and stopped crying and smiled. The old man walked away.
An hour later, the old man was returning home by the same route(路线). To his surprise, he saw the same boy at the 62 place. He went up to him and asked if he had lost his money 63 . The little boy said that he had found the 64 ten dollars, He was waiting for him there. He wanted to 65 back the ten dollars to him.
56.____ 57. ____ 58. ____ 59.____ 60._____ 61. ____ 62. ____ 63.____ 64.___ 65._____
(Keys: 56. crying; 57. asked; 58. heard; 59. out; 60. what; 61. thanked; 62. same; 63. again; 64. lost/ first; 65. give)
（00年）
At different times in man’s life his food has different effects (影响) on his body. Among children f_____(76) is quickly changed to the power(力量)to run and play games. Most of a young man’s food is spent on growing t____ (77); we grow upwards only d_____(78) the first twenty years of our l_____ (79), not later. Working men get their strong bodies from their food; and if they work h_____ (80), they do not get fat. Office workers eat well and s_____ (81) down a lot, and may begin to grow fat when still quite young. Many older p_____ (82) try to work much and walk often. Perhaps the most difficult time is when a man r____ (83) sixty years of age. His body and mind b_____ (84) restful, without much work or interest. That is when food changes quickly to f_____ (85).
76.____ 77.____ 78.____ 79. ____ 80._____ 81. _____ 82. ____ 83._____ 84. _____
85._____.
(Keys: 76.food; 77.tall; 78. during; 79. life; 80. hard; 81. sit; 82. people; 83. reaches;
84. begins; 85. fat. )
(01年)
“ I don’t want to move!” Fred said to his father. “ I like living here in New York City. And I 69 to play in the streets. My friends are 70 . I want to stay!.”
“ We have to 71 , Fred,” Mr. Sparks said. “ I have a 72 job in the Islands. Why 73 you wait until you see them? Maybe you will like living 74 .”
“ Never !” was Fred’s 75 .
A few weeks 76 , the Sparks family left the city by plane. They 77 over land for hours. In San Francisco they took 78 big plane. “ There is Hawaii,” Mr. Sparks said. “ And there is the island we are to live 80 . But we will visit the other islands, too. 81 of them are beautiful.”
“ I don’t care(关心) 82 they like,” said Fred. “ “ I wish I could go 83 to New York City right now !”
69. ___ 70. ____ 71. ____ 72. ____ 73. _____ 74. ____ 75. _____ 76. ____ 77._____
78._____ 79._____ 80._____ 81.____ 82._____. 83.______.
(Keys: 69. like; 70. here; 71. move; 72. new; 73. don’t; 74. there; 75. answer; 76. later; 77. flew; 78. another; 79.last; 80. on; 81. All; 82. what; 83. back.)
(02年)
看图写话。
Bob likes fish very much. One day, he bought a fish and took it home. When his wife saw the fish, she said to herself, “ Good! Now I can ask my friends to have lunch, and we can 26 .” When Bob 27 in the evening, he found no fish at all. His wife said, “ Oh! 28 .” And she gave Bob some bread fro supper. Bob was angry. He took the cat and his wife to the shop nearby and weigh（称）the cat. Then he said to his wife, “ 29 and the fish is also one kilo. The cat is here. But 30 ?”
26.____ 27. ____ 28. _____ 29.______ 30.______
(Keys: 26. have/eat/enjoy the fish; 27. came home; 28. your cat ate it 29. My cat is one kilo; 30. Where is my fish)
(03年)
A storm dropped (降)heavy rains on central and southern parts of China.
The radio says that 77 the Xiangjiang River in Hunan, floods caused by terrible 78 in the past weeks killed 25 people and 13 others were missing.
The Chinese Government warned some parts in Yunan and the city of Chongqing of possible heavy rains over the 79 few days.
In Changsha water levels rose( 水位上升)to 38 metres early Monday morning, about 3 metres 80 the danger line.
In Guangdong, at 81 21 people have been killed , while three were 82 hurt and seven went missing 83 heavy floods hit northern parts by Saturday.
The cities of Shaoguan, Meizhou and Heyuan 84 hardest hit and many people were left homeless(无家可归的).
About 620 million yuan has been lost in the floods. Guangdong has sent something 85 to Meizhou, Heyuan and Shaoguan to help the people who lost homes build their
86 again.
77. ____ 78. ____ 79. ___ 80. ____ 81. ____ 82. ____ 83. ____ 84. ____
85. ____ 86._____
(Keys: along; 78. rains; 79. next/ coming/ following; 80. above; 81. least; 82. seriously/ badly; 83. when/ after; 84. were; 85. useful/ helpful; homes.)
(04年)
Think about watching films every day for a week! Yang Siming , a junior 1 at No. 31 Middle School in Dongyang, is very 77 about idea.
The Children’s Film Festival in Dongyang will run 78 Wednesday until June 1. About 2,000 Dongyang children will watch great movies there.
All the festival’s films – 10 Chinese and 15 from 79 countries ---are for children. At the end of the festival, children can choose the 80 ones.
“ We hope these children can choose good 81 for all the Chinese children,” said Chen Jinti, head of the Chinese Children’s Film Association (中国儿童电影协会).
One of the Chinese films is “ Girl’s Diary.” It 82 the story of how Ranran, a sixth—grade girl, grows up. She doesn’t like maths. 83 when she gets a good –looking new maths teacher, she begins to 84 harder on her maths. Her diary 85 that she loves him. But when her mother reads it, they have a fight. Then they don’t talk for a long time. But in the end, she finds that her mum is right and 86 loves her.
77._____ 78. _____ 79. _____ 80.______ 81._____ 82. _____ 83. ______ 84. _____
85.______86.______
(key: 77. happy/ pleased; 78. from ; 79. other/ foreign; 80. best/ favorite; 81. films/ movies; 82. tells; 83. But; 84. work/ study; 85. says/ shows; 86. really.)
(05年)
Many people in Beijing have returned to school only because they have become parents.
Parents are searching for help to solve a problem: the education of their “ only 78 .” “ One student complained his father, who liked smoking, always left the 79 of smoke in the room and he could not do his homework there. Another wrote that his father often played majiang and the 80 kept him awake most of the night. Many parents know 81 about home education and keep making mistakes. Parents’ schools are badly 82 ,” an official (官员)said.
The parents’ schools provide many talks on 83 to be good parents.
Xu Lin’s son was a middle school student. He 84 all of his first term exams. Xu Lin got 85 and beat him , but his study didn’t improve. Xu Lin then went to parents’ school and learned a lot. The boy did well in all his lessons in the next term and helped teach his mother English.
Parents need not only to give instructions, but to be 86 , even by their children. A parent said, “ 87 the class, I know more about my child and she also understand me more.”
78. ____ 79. ____ 80. _____ 81. _____ 82. _____ 83. ______ 84. ______ 85. _____
86._____ 87. _____.
(keys: 78. child; 79. smell; 80. noise; 81. little/ nothing; 82. need/ wanted; 83. how; 84. failed; 85.angry; 86. taught; 87. After.)
(06年)
Maybe you are more interested in sports than in history. You probably think you will never be a top student. In 77 , anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. If you can use your time well, you improve your study 78 much work. Here’s how:
Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week time, you should make a 79 of things that you have to do. First write down the time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide on a good time for studying. Of course, studying shouldn’t take all of your time. Don’t forget to leave yourself enough 80 for hobbies.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house 81 a good study place. Keep this space, which may be a desk 82 just a corner of your room, No games, radio, or television ! When you sit down to work, think only about the subject !
Make good use of your time in class. Listen 83 to what the teacher says. Careful listening in class means less work later You also need to take notes in class, because it can 84 it easier for you to learn well.
There are only a few sways mentioned here to 85 you with your studying. I believe you will find 86 other ways besides these.
77.____78. ____ 79. _____ 80. _____ 81. _____ 82. ____ 83. ____ 84. ____
85. _____ 86. _____
(keys: 77. fact; 78. without; 79. list; 80. time; 81. for; 82. or; 83. carefully; 84. make; 85. help; 86. many/ some/ several. <评分说明：用词正确而形式错误，只给1分>)
(07年)
Andy was born in China 15 years ago. In 2005, she 77 to the USA with her family. As a high school student, she has found many differences 78 Chinese and Americans:
About money
1) Americans like to spend 79 than they have, so many of them are always sin debt (欠债). But Chinese usually spend less than they have, so many of them always have 80 left in the bank.
2) The American kids themselves make their own money . Most Chinese kids always 81 their parents for money.
3) Many American parents think there is 82 need to send their children to an expensive university. It’s different in China. Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive universities 83 their family isn’t rich enough.
About school
1) many American girls take part in sports, dancing and singing groups while many Chinese girls take part in study groups.
2) many American students think that B is a girl while many Chinese students think that B is too 84 .
About friends
Most American parents let their sons or daughters make friends by 85 . They never ask them about their friends while Chinese parents usually enjoy knowing more about their children’s friends 86 many different ways, and usually stop them from staying out too late with friends.
77. ____ 78. _____ 79. _____ 80. ____ 81. ____ 82. _____ 83. _____ 84. ______
85. _____ 86. ______
(Keys: 77. went/ got; 78. between; 79. more; 80. money; 81. ask; 82. no; 83. though/ although; 84. bad/ terrible; 85. themselves; 86. in )
(08年)
What can you do to keep healthy ? Perhaps for children, healthy eating is one of the most important things. Here are some ideas about 77 to eat healthily.
Having breakfast
A good breakfast is very important to children. It’s necessary to have it in the 78 . But some children often go to school 79 breakfast, just because they want to sleep a little longer. Remember that a good breakfast will help you study better.
Having milk
“ My dream is that all the Chinese children can get half a kilogram (千克)milk a day.” The Chinese Premier(总理)Wen Jiabao said this during his 80 to a milk farm. Milk is also very important to children’s health. It makes children grow stronger. It’s better for you to 81 a glass of warm milk 82 going to bed. That will help you have a good sleep.
Having healthy food
Having healthy food is the most important. That means eating lots of different 83 of food, especially fruits and vegetables. Don’t eat too much chocolate 84 ice—cream. Some of you 85 eating fast food, but in fact it is not good for your healthy. Try to eat healthy food as much as 86 .
Having healthy eating habits, and you will have astrong body.
77. ____ 78. ____ 79. _____ 80. _____ 81. _____ 82. ____ 83. _____ 84. __
85. ____ 86. ______.
(Keys: 77. how; 78. morning; 79. without; 80. visit; 81. have/ drink; 82. before; 83. kinds; 84. or; 85. enjoy/ like/ love; 86. possible.)
(09年)
About three years old, I felt very lonely. I didn’t like my classmates, my parents or anyone else. My classmates didn’t want to talk ___77____ me and my parents were always saying that other kids were better than me. I thought I was the ___78____ unlucky person in the world.
  One day I had a big fight with one of my classmates. I was so angry __79__ I hit him in the face. Just at that moment, a boy stood up and ___80___ the fight. He was the monitor of our class.
  After that, he often helped me and we became good ___81___. Whenever I got angry or sad, he would help ___82___ to cool down. My life began to change because of the boy, my best friend. We spent a lot of interesting days together. As ___83___ goes by, I have become happier with people and things. And it ___84____ that people around me have changed, too. My parents don’t shout at me ___85____ more and my classmates become friendly to me.
  But now I can’t see my best friend because he is seriously ___86___ and is staying in hospital. How I miss the days when we were together! I hope he will be all right and come back to school soon.
77. ___________  78. ___________  79. ___________  80. ___________ 81. ___________
82. ___________  83. ___________  84. ___________   85. ___________  86. ___________
(Keys: 77. with/to 78. most   79. that   80. stopped   81. friends 82. me   83. time 84. seems  85. any  86. ill /sick.)
3. 江津区近年来的题型。
三、 短文填空的解题指导：
做短文填空试题，考生需要具备正确拼写所学单词的能力，具有一定的语法基础知识，掌握一定的阅读方法，这样做起题才得心应手。下面介绍一些方法供大家在教学中参考。
1. 弄清文章大意
需要填词的文章有多处信息缺失，因而读者只能通过迅速浏览全文，从整体入手了解内容大意，尤其关注文章首尾句，以便迅速抓住文章主旨，猜测作者的意图、观点。在明确了主要信息之后，结合细节