土沃苗壮---再读培根《论学问》双语版.doc

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求 培根《论学问》英文版！！！急用！！！！
悬赏分：10 - 解决时间：2006-12-17 20:11
问题补充：谢了！
提问者： liuwei215540 - 试用期 一级
最佳答案
Bacon On Studies
一、关于培根（王佐良）
培根.F.（Francis Bacon 1561―1626），英国哲学家、作家。出身官僚家庭。剑桥大学毕业。后又学习法律。1618年任大理院院长，封为勋爵。1621年因受贿为国会弹劾去职，嗣后家居著述。1626年冬由于在野外试验雪的防腐作用而受寒致死。

培根的主要建树在哲学方面。他自称“以天下全部学问为己任”，企图“将全部科学、技术和人类的一切知识全面重建”，并为此计划写一套大书，总名《伟大的复兴》，虽然只完成1、2两部分，但已造成重大影响。例如他在用拉丁文写的《新工具》（1620）一书中提出的“四假相说”，有力地揭露了中古经院哲学的主观、片面、语词混乱和盲目崇拜传统权威等弊病，为英国经验论哲学的兴起扫除障碍。他强调通过实验去揭示自然界的秘密，获得知识，并认为“知识就是力量”。因此马克思称他为“整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”（《马克思恩格斯全集》，第2卷第163页）。

此外，培根还写了法律著作、历史著作《亨利第七王朝史》（1622）、幻想游记《新大西岛》（1626）和58篇短文组成的《随笔》。

《随笔》是培根在文学方面的主要著作，初版于1597年，只包含10篇极短的摘记式文章；经过1612年、1625年两次增补扩充，才收入短文58篇，然而它在英国文学史上却有重要地位。作者是一个通晓人情世故的哲学家和政治活动家，他在书中写了对世家子弟的“社会的与道德的劝言”（这是书的副标题），内容涉及哲学思想（如《真理》《死亡》），伦理探讨（如《忌》《爱》《利己的聪明》），做官秘诀（如《高位》《党争》），处世之道（如《友谊》《诡诈》），治家准则（如《父母与子女》《婚嫁与单身》）等，还包括了对若干具体问题的建议（如《读书》《旅行》《营造》《娱乐》），也不乏对艺术和大自然的欣赏（如《美》《庭园》）。

培根对每个题目都有独到之见，诛心之论。而文笔紧凑，老练，锐利，说理透彻，警句迭出。例如：“善择时即省时。”“德行犹如宝石，朴素最美。”“顺境易见劣性，逆境易见德性。”“一切腾达，无不须循小梯盘旋而上。”“声名犹如大河，空虚无物者浮，实学有才者沉。”“读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。”这些话充满成熟的人生经验，而写法则务求清楚达意。使用的比喻十分恰当，但都来自实际。培根的文章也写得富于诗意。诗人雪莱读了他的随笔《死亡》篇以后，曾赞叹说：“培根勋爵是一个诗人”（《诗之辩护》）。

英国本无随笔，由于培根的示范，始在英国植根，后来写随笔的名家辈出，因而随笔成为英国文学中有特色的体裁之一，对此培根有开创之功。
（选自《中国大百科全书-外国文学》，中国大百科全书出版社1992年版）

王佐良译《论读书》
水天同译《论学问》
Bacon
STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
（王译版）读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
（水译版）读书为学的用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。

Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business.
（王译版）其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
（水译版）在娱乐上，学问的主要的用处是幽居养静；在装饰上，学问的用处是辞令；在长才上，学问的用处是对于事务的判断和处理。

For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned.
（王译版）练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
（水译版）因为富于经验的人善于实行，也许能够对个别的事情一件一件地加以判断；但是最好的有关大体的议论和对事务的计划与布置，乃是从有学问的人来的。

To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.
（王译版）读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
（水译版）在学问上费时过多是偷懒；把学问过于用作装饰是虚假；完全依学问上的规则而断事是书生的怪癖。

They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.
（王译版）读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
（水译版）学问锻炼天性，而其本身又受经验的锻炼；盖人的天赋有如野生的花草，他们需要学问的修剪；而学问的本身，若不受经验的限制，则其所指示的未免过于笼统。

Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
（王译版）有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
（水译版）多诈的人渺视学问，愚鲁的人羡慕学问，聪明的人运用学问；因为学问的本身并不教人如何用它们；这种运用之道乃是学问以外，学问以上的一种智能，是由观察体会才能得到的。

Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
（王译版）读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
（水译版）不要为了辩驳而读书，也不要为了信仰与盲从；也不要为了言谈与议论；要以能权衡轻重、审察事理为目的。

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.
（王译版）书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
（水译版）有些书可供一尝，有些书可以吞下，有不多的几部书则应当咀嚼消化；这就是说，有些书只要读读他们的一部分就够了，有些书可以全读，但是不必过于细心地读；还有不多的几部书则应当全读，勤读，而且用心地读。

Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.
（王译版）书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。
（水译版）有些书也可以请代表去读，并且由别人替我作出摘要来；但是这种办法只适于次要的议论和次要的书籍；否则录要的书就和蒸馏的水一样，都是无味的东西。

Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
（王译版）读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
（水译版）阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作与笔记使人精确。

And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not.
（王译版）因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
（水译版）因此，如果一个人写得很少，那末他就必须有很好的记性；如果他很少与人会谈，那么他就必须有很敏捷的机智；并且假如他读书读得很少的话，那么他就必须要有很大的狡黠之才，才可以强不知以为知。

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.
（王译版）读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。
（水译版）史鉴使人明智；诗歌使人巧慧；数学使人精细；博物使人深沉；伦理之学使人庄重；逻辑与修辞使人善辩。“学问变化气质”。

Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises.
（王译版）人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
（水译版）不特如此，精神上的缺陷没有一种是不能由相当的学问来补救的：就如同肉体上各种的病患都有适当的运动来治疗似的。

Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.
（王译版）滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
（水译版）踢球有益于结石和肾脏；射箭有益于胸肺；缓步有益于胃；骑马有益于头脑；诸如此类。

So if a man\'s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again.
（王译版）如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；
（水译版）同此，如果一个人心志不专，他顶好研究数学；因为在数学的证理之中，如果他的精神稍有不专，他就非从头再做不可。

If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors.
（王译版）如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；
（水译版）如果他的精神不善于辨别异同，那么他最好研究经院学派的著作，因为这一派的学者是条分缕析的人；

If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers\' cases.
（王译版）如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。
（水译版）如果他不善于推此知彼，旁征博引，他顶好研究律师们的案卷。

So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.
（王译版）如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。
（水译版）如此看来，精神上各种的缺陷都可以有一种专门的补救之方了。
回答者： leader_icon - 举人 五级  12-16 16:27
有志钻研的同志,请将《大学语文》上的该课文与此二名家的译文对照一下,可发现一些错误:
   1."底" = 的
   2."地球"/踢球 = 保龄球 (bowling) [s:2]
下文介绍培根的生平
Francis Bacon was the son of Nicolas Bacon, the Lord Keeper of the Seal of Elisabeth I.
He entered Trinity College Cambridge at age 12.
Bacon later described his tutors as "Men of sharp wits, shut up in their cells of a few authors, chiefly Aristotle, their Dictator."
This is likely the beginning of Bacon's rejection of Aristotelianism and Scholasticism and the new Renaissance Humanism.
 His father died when he was 18, and being the youngest son this left him virtually penniless.
He turned to the law and at 23 he was already in the House of Commons.
His rich relatives did little to advance his career and Elisabeth apparently distrusted him.
It was not until James I became King that Bacon's career advanced.
He rose to become Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans and Lord Chancellor of England.
His fall came about in the course of a struggle between King and Parliament.

He was accused of having taken a bribe while a judge, tried and found guilty.
He thus lost his personal honour, his fortune and his place at court.
Loren Eiseley in his beautifully written book about Bacon The Man Who Saw Through Time remarks that Bacon: "...more fully than any man of his time, entertained the idea of the universe as a problem to be solved, examined, meditated upon, rather than as an eternally fixed stage, upon which man walked."

请各位自译。
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