常见合成词构成法总结.doc

常见合成词构成法总结英语中很多单词是通过合成的方式来构成的，他们叫做合成词,常见合成词有合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词等几种类型。1合成名词名词名词: football足球名词动词: snowfall 下雪名词动词-ing : horse-riding骑马名词介词名词: daughter-in-law儿媳动词-ing名词: waiting-room候车室形容词名词: greenhouse温室副词名词: income收入介词名词: afternoon下午过去分词+副词: grown-up成年人2合成动词 名词动词: water-cool用水冷却形容词动词: quick-charge快速充电副词动词: outact行动上胜过3合成形容词名词形容词: world-famous世界文明的名词动词-ing : peace-loving热爱和平的名词过去分词: heart-broken伤心的动词副词: takeaway外卖的形容词名词: long-distance长途的形容词形容词: dark-blue深蓝色的形容词过去分词: new-born新出生的副词形容词: color-blind色盲的副词动词-ing : hard-working勤劳的副词过去分词: well-known著名的 数词名词: first-class头等的数词名词形容词: ten-year-old十岁大的数词名词ed : three-cornered三角的介词名词: indoor 室内的 airconditioner空调机airraid空袭alarmclock闹钟armsrace军备竞赛assemblyline装配线baby-sitter看孩子的人bankaccount银行帐户birthcontrol节制生育blooddonor献血者bloodpressure血压bookcase书柜bookmark书签braindrain人才流失burglaralarm防盗警报器busstop公共汽车站canopener开罐器carpark停车场contactlens隐形眼镜corporalpunishment体罚cottonwool药棉creditcard信用卡deathpenalty死刑 fancydress(ball)化装舞会generationgap代沟greenhouseeffect温室效应healthcenter医疗中心heartattack心脏病发作heartfailure心国衰竭hirepurchase分期付款incometax所得税labourforce劳动力labourmarket劳动市场letter-box信箱mailorder邮购定单mineralwater矿泉水mother-tongue母语packageholiday一缆子度假计划penfriend笔友pocketmoney零用钱policestation警察分局postoffice邮局signlanguage手语sodawater苏打水、汽水soundbarrier音障tabletennis乒乓球teabag袋泡茶tea-table茶几telephonenumber电话号码toilet-paper卫生纸unemploymentbenefit失业救济金welfarestate福利国家X-rayX光youthhostel青年旅舍centralbank中央银行civilrights公民权力compactdisc激光唱盘currentaffairs时事drycleaning干洗fastfood快餐first-aid急救Frenchfries炸薯条generalknowledge人所共知的事generalpublic公众highereducation高等教育highheels高跟（鞋）highjump跳高highschool中学humanbeing人humanrights人权modernlanguages现代语言musicalinstrument乐器naturalhistory自然历史naturalresources自然资源nervousbreakdown神经失常oldage老年oldhand老手openair露天openletter公开信personalcomputer个人电脑polarbear白熊，北极熊remotecontrol遥控socialsecurity社会保险socialservices社会服务（事业）socialstudies社会研究socialwork(er)社会工作（者）solarsystem太阳系stainlesssteel不锈钢vocalcord声带yellowpages(电话簿)黄页部分合成词也称复合词，顾名思义，就是由两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成的词，可分别用做形容词或副词。合成词从表面结构上看不拘一格，种类繁多，无论记忆还是使用都十分困难，那么我们除了简单记忆这些词是由哪些词构成之外，还有没有举一反三的规律可循呢？下面我们将一一道来。I. 复合形容词 (COMPOUND ADJECTIVES)1. 含有分词的复合形容词复合形容词中的现在分词与过去分词均源于定语从句中的谓语动词。例如：Australia is a country which speaks English. （country 由定语从句修饰）澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。Australia is a country speaking English. （country 由现在分词短语修饰）Australia is an English-speaking country. （country 由复合形容词修饰）以上三个句子中，我们分别用了三种不同的方法修饰country，三种不同的修饰语与country的逻辑关系都是country speaks English，因为country是动作speak的发出者，按照修饰动作发出者用现在分词的原则，合成词应该使用English-speaking。然而短语spoken English （英语口语）是不同的，这个短语中被修饰词English是动作speak的承受者，因此，用过去分词spoken， 以上两种不同的逻辑关系必须分清。我们再来看几个例子：earthshaking changes = changes which shake the earth翻天覆地的变化（changes 是动作shake的发出者）UN peacekeeping forces=forces which keep peace联合国维和部队（forces 是动作keep的发出者）record-breaking destroy=destroy which breaks record 破记录的毁坏peace-loving people= people who love peace爱好和平的epoch-making decision=decision which makes epoch开新纪元的/划时代的决策fine-sounding words=words which sound fine 甜言蜜语soft-feeling materials=materials which feel soft 手感柔软的面料good-looking gentleman=gentleman who looks good 仪表堂堂的男士hard-working students=students who study hard刻苦读书的学生far-reaching influence=influence which reaches far广泛深远的影响easygoing person=person who goes easy 随和容易相处的人well-being children=children who are well 健康的孩子state-owned enterprises=enterprises which are owned by state国有企业hand-made goods=goods which were made by hand 手工制品heart-felt thanks=thanks which are felt by heart 衷心的感谢fast-developing industry=industry which develops fast 高速发展的产业highly-developed countries=countries have developed highly 高度发达的国家newly-arrived visitors=visitors who have arrived newly 刚刚抵达的参观者well-known university=university which is known very well著名的大学ready-made clothes=clothes which are made and ready to be used做好的， 现成的衣服self-employed person=person who is employed by oneself非受雇于人的，从事个体职业的人snow-covered fields=feilds which are covered by snow白雪覆盖的田野newly-built airport=airport which is built newly新建的飞机场从以上例子可以看出，要了解和掌握含有分词的复合形容词，首先必须了解正确使用及物动词的现在分词和过去分词的关键： 准确了解及物动词的分词与所修饰的名词关系，修饰动作发出者用现在分词表示主动，修饰动作承受者用过去分词表示被动。 准确了解不及物动词的所用时态，用现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行，用过去分词表示动作业已完成。