新概念英语3课后习题答案 第21课.doc

新概念英语3课堂笔记 第二十一课

Lesson 21
           Daniel Mendoza
            丹尼尔.门多萨
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
     ★Boxing
n.   拳击
     ★boxer
n.   拳击手
     ★bare
adj. 赤裸的
uncovered
bare fist
bare foot
bare handed
bare legged
nakes: 全裸
He's walking in bare feet.
He is naked.
nude: 光秃秃的
     ★prizefighter
n.   职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
     ★crude
adj. 粗野的
be crude to somebody
He is crude to the girl
rude
     ★marquis
n.   侯爵
     ★technically
adv. 严格根据法律意义地
     ★science
n.   科学
     ★popularity
n.   名望
Instant foods are getting in popularity.
popular songs are in popularity.
popular with
fame reputation--声誉
     ★adore
v.   崇拜，爱戴
     ★alike
adv. 一样地
He was adored by rich and poor alike.
     ★fame
n.   名声
     ★eminent
adj. 著名的，杰出的
eminent scientist
distinguished
     ★bitterly
adv. 厉害地
It is blowing bitterly.
bitter: 苦的，辛酸的，刺骨的
     ★bet
v.   打赌
bet on something
bet somebody that
bet one's bottom dollar on somebody
bet on the wrong horse
I bet   You bet.
     ★academy
n.   专业学校
     ★extravagant
adj. 浪费的，奢移的
extravagant habit
thrifty frugal economical
     ★poverty
n.   贫困         
in poverty
indigence
destitution
penury
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
    Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
    One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
    Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled b
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y a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appear one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.

参考译文
    两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
    拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
     门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
【课文讲解】
in popularity
fought with bare fists: 赤手空拳的打斗
one of the most famous people
introduce: bring in
Potatos were introduced into Europe from South America.
drew up: 制定、起草
in his full time     in his good day
rise to fame=become famous
attract somebody's attention    attract the attention of somebody
turn against
severely
It is/was not until
as much as: 多达
in debt: 欠债
【Multiple choice questions】
1...b
2...d...
3...c... apart from: 除什么之外还有
4...a...
5...a...
6...b...
7...b... owe money to people
8...b...  personality:个性＝character  image:偶像
9...c... 
exceptionally->unusually: 不同寻常的
marvellously=wonderfully:奇妙的，奇异的
singly: 单独的
unequally:独一无二的
an exceptionally beautiful girl
10...a.
名词形式，名词所有格，rise:vi.&n.
11...a...
12...d...
beat=defeat
conquer:征服
gain:赢得，获得
win: 赢得（比赛）
新概念英语3课后习题答案 第21课
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1...D grasp vt.抓住, 掌握, 领会 n.抓住, 掌握, 领会
　　establish vt.建立, 设立, 确定, 证实

　　2...D in favor of adv.赞同, 有利于

　　3...C apart?from 除什么之外还有
　　supplement vt.补足, 补充

　　4...A 5...A 6...B

　　7...B owe people money = owe money to people

　　8...B
　　vivid adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 活泼的, 逼真的
　　personality n.个性, 人格, 人物, 名人
　　character n.特性, 性质, 特征, 人物
　　image n.图象, 肖像, 偶像
　　imaginative adj.想象的, 虚构的 adj.富于想象的, 有想象力的

　　9...C
　　exceptionally（adj.例外的, 异常的） à unusually（adv.显著地, 不同寻常的）
　　-- An exceptionally beautiful girl.
　　marvelously（adj.不可思议的, 非凡的） = wonderfully（adv.奇妙的, 奇异的）
　　singly adv.单独的
　　unequally adv.不相等地, 不公平地, 独一无二的

　　10...A rise vi.n.

　　11...A
　　jealous adj.妒忌的, 猜疑的, 警惕的, 嫉妒的
　　disinterested adj无私心的, 廉洁的, 公正的 adj.[美口]不关心的, 不感兴趣的
　　revolt v.反抗, 起义, 反叛
　　revolted adj.起来反抗的, 起义的, 厌恶的

　　12...D
　　beat = defeat
　　conquer vt.征服, 战胜, 占领, 克服
gain vt.vi.赢得, 获得 win v.赢得（比赛）

新概念英语3课堂笔记 第二十二课

Lesson 22
              By heart
              熟记台词
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

     ★run (ran, run)
v.   （戏剧，电影等）连演，连映
The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.
     ★lines
n.   （剧本中的）台词

     ★part
n.   剧中的角色，台词
     ★falter
v.   支吾，结巴说
stammmer
He has practised the poem several times,so he has no cause to falter.
蹒跚而行，stagger  He faltered home.
     ★cast (cast, cast)
v.   连派……扮演角色
The actor was cast in the role of hero.
     ★role
n.   角色
     ★aristocrat
n.   贵族
     ★imprison
v.   关押
put sb imprison 关押
He was imprisoned for 10 years.
imprisonment n.
sentence sb to life imprisonment
判名人终生监禁
监狱：prison,jail,gaol
send sb to prison
put sb in prison
throw sb into prison
in prison:　坐牢，the prison
He is in prison(jail).
He is behind bars.
     ★Bastille
n.   巴士底狱
     ★gaoler
n.   监狱长，看守
     ★colleague
n.   同事
     ★curtain
n.   （舞台上的）幕布
     ★reveal
v.   使显露
The secret hasn't been revealed.
reveal: 揭露，揭穿，把什么露出来
A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.
disclose: 揭发
disclose the truth
discover: 发现
uncover: 揭开具体的盖子
A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure.
revealable. adj.可展现的
revealer: 探测器
     ★cell
n.   单人监房，监号
     ★blank
adj. 空白的
     ★squint
v.   眯着（眼）看，瞄
squint one's eyes
He squinted his eyes and looked at the letter.
pear at: 眯着眼睛看
     ★dim
adj. 昏暗
The room is too dim so I can't read the letter.
gloomy:(天气,心情)抑郁的
The weather is gloomy today.
He is in gloomy mood.
dusky:(天色）漆黑的，黑暗的
I can't go out at murky night.
misty: 多雾的，迷蒙的
The building is out of sight on such a misty day.
     ★sire
n.   （古用法）陛下
     ★proceed
v.   继续进行
particular after stopping
proceed to/with: 进行继续某事
Let's proceed to business.
You must proceed with your work.
proceed from:　从什么着手开始继续
They proceed from lesson 1.
proceed against: 起诉某人
He decided to proceed against his neighbour.

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Which actor read the letter in the end, the aristocrat or the gaoler?
    Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end, In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. Yet this is not always the case.
    A famous actor in a h
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ighly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.

    One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his bands. He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me'. And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.' With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter with he proceeded to read to the prisoner.

参考译文
    有些剧目十分成功，以致连续上演好几年。这样一来，可怜的演员们可倒霉了。因为他们需要一夜连着一夜地重复同样的台词。人们以为，这些演员一定会把台词背得烂熟，绝不会临场结巴的，但情况却并不总是这样。
    有一位名演员曾在一出极为成功的剧目中扮演一个贵族角色，这个贵族已在巴士底狱被关押了20年。在最后一幕中，狱卒手持一封信上场，然后将信交给狱中那位贵族。尽管那个贵族每场戏都得念一遍那封信。但他还是坚持要求将信的全文写在信纸上。
    一天晚上，狱卒决定与他的同事开一个玩笑，看看他反复演出这么多场之后，是否已将信的内容记熟了。大幕拉开，最后一幕戏开演，贵族独自一人坐在铁窗后阴暗的牢房里。这时狱卒上场，手里拿着那封珍贵的信。狱卒走进牢房，将信交给贵族。但这回狱卒给贵族的信没有像往常那样把全文写全，而是一张白纸。狱卒热切地观察着，急于想了解他的同事是否记熟了台词。贵族盯着纸看了几秒钟，然后，眼珠一转，说道：“光线太暗，请给我读一下这封信。”说完，他一下子把信递给狱卒。狱卒发现自己连一个字也记不住，于是便说：“陛下，这儿光线的确太暗了，我得去眼镜拿来。”他一边说着，一边匆匆下台。贵族感到非常好笑的是：一会儿工夫，狱卒重新登台，拿来一副眼镜以及平时使用的那封信，然后为那囚犯念了起来。
【课文讲解】
By heart:熟记台词
on end= continuously: 连续的，位于具体的时间之后

He sat there for hours on end.
We had hardly anything to eat for days on end
on end: 竖着＝upright
The cat's for stood on end.
I got a big shock so my heart stood on end.
who=actor,关系代词做主语，不能省略
The student who was required to recite the poem 100 times is really poor.
learn/know by heart :把什么牢记在心
The sentence isto important that you must learn it by heart.
heart and soul: 全心全意的，全身心的
We sever the students heart and soul.
take heart:鼓起勇气，恢复信心
lose heart:失去信心
lose heart to sb=give heart to sb: 亲信于某人
The boy lost his heart to the girl.
put one's heart into sth:致力于某事
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
have one's heart in one's boots.:提心吊胆
He had his heart in his boots when he went out along at night.
which->letter
even though=even if=though/although
at each performance= at every performance
insist:坚决要求，suggest:建议，order:命令，demand:要求，require:要求
表示建议／要求／希望，和that宾语从句搭配，that从句必须出现should+动词原形的虚拟，should可以省略
in full=fully=completely
play a joke(cheek)on sb: 开某人玩笑
on the final act=in the last act
behind bars:铁窗之后
with独立主格结构
precious
ha
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nd to = present sth to= pass to
as usual
look on:旁观
anxious,形容词短语做伴随状况状语
stare at
ing形式，做方式状语，伴随状况状语
promptly=immediately
现在分词做状语
with this 说完这话
hurry off
much用来加强语气
which->letter
He laughs best who laughs last.
【Exercises】
1. ...A
He laughs best,who laughs last.
2. ...C
end with...以...结束
3. ...C
Structure
4.C
with a letter独立主格结构
with a letter for the prisoner.
5.A
insist that+should
insist on + 名词，动名词
6.C
7.C
give him a copy
a 表示任意的一份；the表示特指
8.A
neither,nor用于句首，句子倒装
Vocabulary
9.D
play a joke on 开玩笑；play a trick on　捉弄，单方面取乐
have a joke with sb.和某人开玩笑，强调两人共同取乐
I've just had a joke with my classmate.
10.D
finally最后
lastly顺序上的最后
in the end强调最终失败的结果
He worked harder and harder,but in the end he failed.
11.B
peer about 眯着眼睛看
When you enter a cinema,you often have to peer about...
search搜寻，寻找；search for sth.
blink眨眼睛
stare盯着看；stare at
12.C
inform表示正式的通知
新概念英语3课后习题答案 第22课
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1...A He laughs best, who laughs last.
　　Proverb n.格言, 谚语
　　Suit v.合适, 适合
　　Gist n.要点, 梗概, 要旨
　　Silver n.银, 银子
　　Leap v.跳, 跳越, 跳跃
　　Golden adj.贵重的, 金色的, 金黄色的
　　Hatch vt.孵, 孵出 vi.孵化

　　2...C end?with... 以...结束
　　plight n.情况, 状态, 困境
　　imprisonment n.关押
　　audience n.听众, 观众
　　bore vt.令人厌烦

　　3...C
　　improvise v.临时准备
　　pretend vt.假装, 装扮

　　4.C 独立主格结构
　　with?a?letter?to deliver to the prisoner. = with a letter for the prisoner.
　　Deliver vt.递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表

　　5.A
　　insist that + should
　　insist?on?+?名词/动名词

　　6.C

　　7.C give him a copy （a?表示任意的一份, the表示特指）

　　8.A neither nor用于句首, 句子倒装

　　9.D trick n.恶作剧, 诡计, 骗局,窍门, 诀窍
　　play?a?joke?on?开玩笑 = play?a?trick?on 捉弄（单方面取乐）
　　have?a?joke?with?sb 和某人开玩笑（强调两人共同取乐）
　　-- I‘ve just had a joke with my classmate.

　　10.D
　　finally adv.最后
　　lastly adv.顺序上的最后
　　in?the?end 强调最终失败的结果（用于句尾或句首）
　　-- He worked harder and harder, but in the end he failed.
　　Conclusive adj.结论性的, 决定性的, 最后的

　　11.B
　　peer vt.凝视或眯眼看专心地、探求地或较为费劲地看
　　peer?about 眯着眼睛看
　　-- When you enter a cinema, you often have to peer about...
　　search vt.搜寻, 寻找（-- search?for?sth）
　　blink vt.眨眼睛, 闪亮
　　stare vt.盯着看（-- stare?at）
　　12.C
　　inform表示正式的通知
　　rejoin vt.使再结合, 再加入, 再回答
新概念英语3课后习题答案 第22课

新概念英语3课堂笔记 第二十三课

Lesson 23 One man’s meat is another man’s poison
People become quite illogical when try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy. You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of想到 frying potatoes in animal fat – the normally accepted practice吃法 in many northern countries. The sad truth is让人遗憾的是 that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives.
No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless people who, ever since自…以来 their early years, have learned to associate snails with food. My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised. As由于 his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, af