名次性从句及状语从句讲解-讲义.doc

高三英语复习系列讲座：名词性从句
南航附中 张恩怀
考纲解读
1、掌握名词性从句的基本知识和分类情况。
（1） 宾语从句
（2） 主语从句
（3） 表语从句
（4） 同位语从句
2、掌握名词性从句的基本结构和各种连词的用法。
（1） 连词that引导
（2） 连接代词what 、who、whom、whose、 which以及whatever类引导
（3） 连接副词when、where、why 、how以及whenever类引导
（4） 连词whether、if引导
3、掌握同位语从句的基本用法及与定语从句的区别。
命题趋势
1、纵观近5年的高考试题，名词性从句无疑是考试的一大热点，其中宾语从句14题，主语从句5题，表语从句5题，同位语从句5题，主要考查其基础知识的掌握和运用。
2、试题的设置既注重引导词之间的语法功能的不同，又注重语义的差异，增加了试题的综合化程度，情景越来越生动，题干句越来越复杂。

名词性从句的基本用法。
1、宾语从句
I am afraid (that) he will be back on Sunday.
I’ll show you whatever you want to see.
I don’t know when the meeting will take place.
We haven’t decided whether/if will go or not .
提醒：（1）that可以省略
（2）whether 可替换if,但whether or not 连用时不宜用if
2、主语从句
That she’ll do well in her exam is certain.
Whoever did the job must be rewarded.
Where we’ll meet isn’t decided yet.
Whether he’ll come is doubtful.
提醒：（1）that 不宜省略
（2）whether 不宜换为if
3、表语从句
The trouble is that he can’t get here on time.
What I want to know is who will come first.
That’s why I object to the plan.
The problem is whether he can complete it.
提醒：（1）that 不宜省略
（2）whether 不宜替换为if （正式文体）
4、同位语从句
There was little hope that he would survive.
I have no idea where they have gone.
提醒：（1）常用于news、fact、idea、hope、promise、thought、belief、truth
等词后，强调该名词的具体内容。
（2）常用that引导，that本身无意义，不宜省略。
（3）间或也由when、where等其他连词引导。
（4）同位语从句和定语从句的区别。
the news that he succeeded （同）
the news（that/which）he told me （定）
名词性从句值得注意的几个问题：
1、it作形式主语或宾语问题。
（1）I felt it strange her hair was turning grey.
A、while B、that C、what D、for
（2）It is not yet decided will go with me.
A、who B、whom C、when D、where
2、用what还是that问题。
made matters worse was night began to fall.
A、what ; what B、that ; that
Cwhat ; that D、that ; what
3、用whether还是if问题。
I’ll tell him the news is none of your business.
A、Whether B、If C、Even D、Which
4、That 是否省略问题。
she was invited to the ball made her happy.
A、If B、That C、不填 D、What
5、名词性从句的时态问题（主要指if、when从句）
I’d like to know tomorrow.
A、if it rains B、if it will rain
C、whether it rains D、what’s the weather like
6、宾语从句与反意疑问句问题。
I don’t think he is right, ?
A、do I B、don’t C、isn’t D、is he
提醒：He doesn’t think I am right, does he ?
7、名词性从句与虚拟语气问题。（主要是与suggest, insist、 order , demand, request 等有关的从句）
he required was that he more time.
A、That; would B、That; should
C、What ; would D、What; be given
提醒：His look suggested that he was satisfied （表明）.
He insisted that he had been there （坚持认为）.
8、doubt 与名词性从句的连词问题
I don’t doubt she’ll return to China after graduation.
A、that B、when C、whether D、if
提醒：I doubt if （whether）+从句
9、reason后面从句的连词问题。
The reason he failed was he was too careless.
A、because; because B、why; that
C、that ; because D、because; that
提醒：That’s why +表语从句
That’s because+表语从句
10、介词后面的宾语从句问题。
She would tell the story to passed by.
A、who B、whoever C、whom D、whomever
11、连接词（when 等）+ever与no matter+连接词问题。
Do you think is right , other say.
A、as; what B、that; whatever
C、what; whatever D、no matter what; whatever
提醒:whatever+名从/状从
no matter what+状从
12、间隔名词性从句问题。
（1） a terrible storm would take place here.
A、Word came which B、Word came that
C、Word that came D、Word which came
（2）Those who were left alone in the cave knew better than the others
sounds bats in the dark made.
A、what frightened B、how frightened
C、what frightening D、how frightening

高三英语复习系列讲座：状语从句
考纲解读
1、掌握状语从句的基本知识和分类情况。
九种：时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句
目的状语从句，结果状语从句，方式状语从句
条件状语从句，让步状语从句，比较状语从句
2、掌握状语从句的基本结构和各种连词的用法。
3、能够在真实复杂的语句中断定主句和从句的逻辑关系从而恰当运用连词完成
交际。
命题趋势
1、纵观近5年高考试题，状语从句是每年高考的必考之题，其中时间状语从句11题，条件状语从句5题，让步状语从句7题，原因状语从句4题，地点状语从句3题，目的状语从句3题等。
2、试题的设置呈现出交叉和综合的特点，四个选项中往往给出尽可能多的不同性质的连词，有时干扰项还从定语从句，名词性从句等多种从句的角度进引干扰，以考查学生细致缜密的思维能力和多层次多角度地考虑问题的能力。
状语从句的基本用法
1、时间状语从句（常由when, while, as, till, before, after, since, as soon, as 等引导）
（1）when、while 和as引导状语从句
When the film ended, they made their way back.
Please don’t talk so loudly while others are talking.
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
提醒：when 强调一点或一段时间
while 强调一段时间(常用be doing)
as 强调主从句动作同步进引
（2）when作并列连词，相当于and this /that time,意为“这时”
He was taking a bath when the telephone rang.
was going to take
was(about)to take
had just taken
（3）while 作并列连词，意为“而、却”,表示对比
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
（4）since 引导的时间状语从句
I’ve written back twice since I came here.
It’s three years since I came here.
提醒：（1）主从句的时态问题
（2）It is three years since I lived here.
应译为：我不住在这儿已有三年。
（5） before 引导的时间状语从句，意为“还未…就…”
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
（6） It + be + 一段时间 + before时间状语从句
It will be two years before I come back.
won’t be long
提醒：注意主从句的时态
（7）till、until 引导时间状语从句
You may stay here until the rain stops.
He won’t go to bed till she returns.
提醒：①注意主从句的时态
②肯定和否定用法的区别
（8）名词短语引导时间状语从句（the moment, the minute, each time, every time, the first time等）
The moment I saw him, I realized that.
The first time I met with trouble, he came to my help.
提醒:名间短语前不宜再用介词。
（9）副词引导时间状语从句（immediately, directly, instantly 等）
I came here immediately I got the news.
as soon as
（10）no sooner…than…, hardly /scarcely…when…等句型的用法
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
scarcely when
no sooner than
提醒：①hardly、 scarcely、 no sooner 位于句首例装
②注意主句和从句的时态
Exercises:
（1）Did you buy a dress yesterday?
No, I liked the color, I didn’t like its style.
A、since B、if C、while D、though
（2）A good story teller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity he reaches the end of the story.
A、when B、unless C、after D、until
（3）It long before we its result.
A、will not be; will know B、is ; will know
C、will not be ; know D、is ; know
（4）Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is necessary.
A、unless B、since C、although D、when
2、地点状语从句（常由where、 wherever 等引导）
The thread breaks where it is weakest.
Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.
提醒：地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
Make a mark where you have any questions.（状）
Make a mark at the place where you have any questions.（定）
Exercise:
You must be firm you think yourself to be right.
A、in which B、where C、what D、no matter
3、原因状语从句
（1）because, as, since/now that 等连词引导原因状语从句语气依从递减。
He was angry because we were late （前后皆可）.
As it is raining we shall not go there（前后皆可）.
Since /Now that he said so, it must be true （一般前置）.
（2）for 为并列连词，连接表示原因的并列分句，语气最弱，常是一种“补充说明或逻辑推理”,且不位于句首
The day mast have broken, for birds are singing.
Exercise:
（1） you’ve got a chance ,you might as well make full use of it.
A、Now that B、After C、Although D、For
（2）Henry must have stayed up last night, he looks so sleepy.
A、for B、as C、though D、since
4、目的状语从句和结果状语从句
（1）in order that 引导目的状语从句
He started early in order that he could catch the bus.
so that
（2）so that 引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句区别
He started early so that he caught the bus.
提醒：①是目的，还是结果？看动词
②so…that，such…that引导结果状语从句较多
Exercise:
Roses need special care they can live through winter.
A、because B、so that C、even D、as
5、条件状语从句
（1）if 和 unless 引导条件状语从句
I’ ll come unless it rains tomorrow .
if it doesn’t rain.
（2）so/as long as, on condition that等 引导条件状语从句
So long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.
（3）in case 引导条件状语从句
I’ll take an umbrella with me in case it rains
提醒：①注意主从句中的时态问题。
②if you will do,此处will为情态动词,意为“愿意”

Exercise:
（1）You may be allowed to watch TV you your homework.
A、even if ; will finish
B、on condition that; have finished
C、in case; finish
D、in order that; will finish
（2）CCTV is exactly like a window on the world you will sit by it and fix your attention on what it shows.
A、if B、as C、while D、unless
6、方式状语从句
（1）as, as if/though引导方式状语从句
Please act as you are told to.
She treats the boy as if he were her son.
（2）名词短语the way 引导方式状语从句
He can’t help seeing things the way they do.
提醒:as if/though从句有时用虚拟语气

Exercise:
They need at least five years to make the country look .
A、as it used to B、like it did
C、as it before D、like it used
7、让步状语从句
（1）though , although 引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，可与 still、yet 连用
Though he is young , he has experience.
（2）as 引导让步状语从句须例装
Child as he is , he knows a lot.(=Though he is a child,…)
Much as I like it , I won’t buy it.
Try as he might, he couldn’t find a job.
（3）whether…or…引导让步状语从句
Whether you believe it or not , it is true.
（4）what等连词+ever, no matter+连词引导让步状语从句
Whatever you may say, I won’t believe you
=No matter what

Exercise:
（1） you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.
A、Whenever B、Whether
C、Whatever D、No matter
（2） , it is quite easy to drill a hole on it with laser.
A、Although hard the diamond is
B、Hard as the diamond is
C、As the diamond is hard
D、How hard is the diamond
（3）With a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, great it is.
A、what B、how C、however D、whatever
8、比较状语从句
请参照形容词、副词的比较级问题.