2011年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测-Unit-1-Good-friends-人教版大纲第一册.doc

第一册Unit 1 Good friends
I．单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器

高考须掌握的词汇：1．honesty 2．bravery 3．10yalty 4．wisdom 5．argument 6．desert；desert 7．feel 8．adventurous9．informal
高考须掌握的短语：1．fond 2．order 3．about/for 4．as 5．for 6．a lie/lies 7．speech 8．drop 9．with；about/over 10．ofll．into
Ⅱ．考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川
考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分
一、重点词汇
1．argue vi．&vt．争论；辩论；力劝 eg：
They argued with each other about the justice of the war．
他们争论这场战争是否正义。
The two sides are arguing the case．
双方正在辩论这个案子。
He argued her into/out of her decision．
他极力劝她作出/放弃她的决定。
相关链接：argument n．争论；论据 用法拓展：argue with sb．about/over sth．同某人辩论某事
argue for/against…为/为反对……而辩论
argue sb．into/out of…力劝某人干/不干……
案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三
考题1-1 I don't know what Ann was arguing
A, with them B. to them C. to them about D. with them about
考题1-2. The workers _ _ for the right tostrike.
A. quarrelled B. discussed C. argued D. agreed
考题1-3 All his friends argued him leaving his job. but he insisted on having a change.
A. with B. about C. out of D. into
考题1—1点拨：答案为D。argue with sb．about/over sth．是固定搭配，“同某人辩论莱事”。what在句中充当一个名词的作用，作 with的宾语。句意为；“我不知道安正在同他们辩论什么。”
考题1—2点拨：答案为c。argue for．一是固定搭配，“为……而辩论”。quarrel争吵；discuss讨论；agree同意，这几个动词用在此处搭配和句意均不符。句意为：“工人们为了争取罢工的权利而辩论。”
考题1—3点拨：答案为C。A和B搭配错误。D项argue sb．into．一力劝莱人干……，与后面“坚持换一下工作”矛盾’。c项argue sb．out of…力劝某人不干……，与后丰句意思相吻合。句意为：“他所有的朋友都力劝他不要离开目前的工作岗位，但他坚持要换一下 工作。”
2．share vt．＆．vi．分享；共有；分配 n．共享；份额eg：
I have to share the bathroom with the rest of the family．
我必须跟家人共用浴室。
If you want a share in/of the pay，you'll have to do your fair share of the work．
如果你想分得一份报酬的话，就得做工作中你该分担的那一部分。
The shares have gone up three points since yesterday．
自昨天以来这些股份涨了三个点。
相关链接：share”．分得的一份；应分担或承受的一份；一份责任；一份功劳股份(可数)用法拓展：share sth．with sb．和某人共享/共同担当某事
考题2-1 (典型例题 ) Let Harry play with your toys as well, clareyou must learn to
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
考题2-2 (典型例题)In a way I can see what you mean,even though I don't your point of view.
A. permit B. share C. agree D. recognize
考题2-3 ( 典型例题 ) Working for the coun-try, one must learn to all his knowledge with the whole scientific world.
A. spare B. give C. share D. devote
考题2—1点拨：答案为D。support支撑；支持，care关心；注意，spare抽出；匀出，share分享，共有。句意为：“克莱尔，让哈里和你一起玩你的玩具，你必须学着(与人)分享。”
考题2—2点拨：答案为B。permit允许；容许，share分享；分担，agree同意，recognize辨认；认出。词组share one's point of view与某人有共同观点。句意为：“尽管我与你没有共同观点，但在某种意义上我还是能理解你的意思。”
考题2—3点拨；答案为c。spare匀出；抽出，give给。share分享；共有evote奉献；专用于。句意为：“为国家工作时，一个人必须学会把他的知识与整个科技界共享。”
3．lie n．谎话；谎言eg：
He told a 1ie/lies the other day．几天前他撒谎了。相关链接：lie v．说谎liar n．说谎者用法拓展：lie v．躺；卧；坐落lay v．放；置；产卵；下蛋特别提醒；注意这几个动词的词形变化
lie v．撒谎→lied；lied；lying
lie v．躺；臣;坐落→lay；Iain；lying
lay v．放；置；产卵；下蛋→1aid；1aid；laying 。
考题3-1 (典型例题Have you heard of one kind of animal that eggs but its young
its milk?
A. laies; feeds; with B. lay; feed; on C. lays; feed; with D. lays; feeds; on
考题3-2 (典型例题She her way out of trouble.
A, lies B. lay C. lays D. laid
考题3—1点拨：答案为D。lay eggs产卵；下蛋。feed sb．on sth．用……来喂养……。
考题3—2点拨：答案为A。lie用作动词，在此句中表示“撒谎”，lie one's way out of trouble表示“靠说谎来摆脱困境”。
4．imagine ut．想像；设想；料想 eg：
I CaD imagine the scene cIearly in my mind．
我能在脑海中清晰地想像出那种景象。
Can you l’magine George cooking the dinner?
你能想像乔治做饭的样子吗?
相关链接：imagination n．
想像；想像力用法拓展：imagine sth．想像某事 imagine doing/one's doing想像做某事/某人做某事特别提醒：imagine不能直接跟不定式
考题4-1 (典型例题) I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail B: to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
考题4-2 ( 典型例题 ) Imagine at the top of the hill, and what w6nderful views you will see.
A. standing B. stand C. to stand D. stood
考题4—1点拨：答案为c。imagine后接动名词的复合结构作宾语，在口语中可用宾格代替动名词复合结构中的所有格，即imagine Peter(’s)sailing。句意为：“我简直难以想像出彼得在五天之内横渡大西洋。”
考题4—2点拨：答案为A。imagine doing想像干某事，固定结构。
二、重点短语
5．make sb．happy令某人感到高兴 eg：He made me happy by making faces．他通过做鬼脸让我感到高兴。
用法拓展：make十宾语+adj．使宾语……
make+宾语+do sth．使(让)某人做某事
make+宾语+done使让)某事物被……
make it clear that…把……弄清楚特别提醒：当make s b．do用于被动句时，do前应加上to。
考题5-1 (典型例题)The shop owvner will make all these ordered TV sets__ to the customers today.
A. deliver B. delivered C. delivering D. being delivered
考题5-2 (典型例题)What he said at the meeting made us
A. puzzle B. puzzling C. puzzled D. to puzzle
考题5—1点拨：答案为B。make+宾语+过去分词充当宾补。表示“使某事被做”。
考题5—2点拨：答案为c。make+宾语+adj．充当宾补。puzzling令人迷惑的，puzzled感到迷惑的。句意为：“他在会议上的发言 使我们深感迷惑。”
6．reason for………的理由eg：
What is the reason for his being late?他迟到的理由是什么?
用法拓展：for…reason由于……的原因
the reason why………的原·因
The reason why…is/was that…做……的原因是……特别提醒：the reason(s)后的表语从句要用that引导．不用be cause引导。
考题6-2 (典型例题分)Please give me your rea- son_ you weren't here yesterday. ."
A. that B. which C. why D. for that
考题6-2 (典型例题)The reason he came late for school was he had to take his sick mother to hospital.
A. that； why B. why.; because C. why; that D. that; because
考题6—1点拨：答案为C。reason作先行词，后接why引导的定语从句。
考题6—2点拨；答案为c。why引导定语从句修饰先行词reason，that引导表语从句。
总结提示：reason作先行词时，与介词for或why从句搭配，译作“……的原因”。
7．make a Iist of将……列于表上；列单子eg：
You should make a list of the thra you you must do．你应该把要做的事情列个清单。
用法拓展：put…on a Iist编……的目录 make a 1ist—list v．
列单子特别提醒：make an answer=answer v回答 make an arrangement—arrange v安排
make a change—change u．改变 make a choice—choose v．选择
make an examination—examine v．检查 make a suggestion—suggest v．建议
考题7 The secretary a list of the boss's arrangements for the week.
A. had B. made C. caught D. raised
考题7点拨：答案为B。此题中make a Iist of列出……是固定词组。句意为：“秘书把本周老板的活动安排列了出来。”
8．be fond of喜欢；喜爱eg：she is fond of pop music．她喜欢流行音乐。
用法拓展：fond作形容词也可修饰名词，但意义不同，eg：
a fond look温柔的(深情的)眼神特别提醒．be fond of后接名词或动名词。
考题8 The piano he is ford of was bought at a high price.
A. play B. played C. being played D. playing
考题8点拨：答案为D。the piano作先行词，在定语从句that/which he is fond of playing中作宾语，that/which可省掉。句意为：“他喜欢弹的那架钢琴是以高价买来的。”
三、重点交际用语
9．I hate hiking and Im not into classical milsic．我不喜欢徒步旅行，对古典音乐也不感兴趣。
hate表示“不喜欢，不愿意”时，其后既可跟动名词，又可跟不定式。接动名词时，侧
重于指一种笼统的概念，经常性的事情或一般倾向；而后接不定式时，侧重于表示。一时性或特定的具体行为。 eg： I hate to say so，but rea’lly I have no time to go with you．
我不想这么说，但我确实没时间和你一起去。
I hate speaking before a big audience．
我不大喜欢在大庭广众面前讲话。
用法拓展：表爱憎的动词like/hate/love用法相同。特别提醒：enjoy后只接名词或动名词。
考题9 (典型例题 ) ld love to the cinema with you, Dad. "
--Sorry, my darling, but the film is intend- ed for adults only.
A. to go B. go C. going D. to have gone
考题9点拨：答案为A。此对话中运用了口语would love/like to do sth．想干亲事，从后面Dad的答语中可看出，看电影的事情还未总结提示：本单元谈论的话题中涉及了很多表示“喜欢”与“厌恶”的表迭法，如

四、重点句型
10．so+do动词+主语表示“也……”eg：
Tom studies hard，and so does Mary．汤姆学习很刻苦，玛丽也是如此。
用法拓展：(1)so+do(be，have，can，will等助动词，情态动词)+主语表示同样肯定的看法或做法
(2)neither/nor+do(be，have，can，will等助动词，情态动词)+主语 表示同样否定的看法或做法
(3)so it is/was with sb． so it is/was the same with sb． 用于既有肯定又有否定或既有系动词又有实义动词的情况eg：
John Iikes fish but he doesn't Iike pork，so it is with Mary．
约翰喜欢吃鱼肉但不喜欢吃猪肉，玛丽也是如此。
John was born in the countryside but he grew up in Beijiing．and so it was the
same with Mary．约翰出生在农村，但在北京长大，玛丽也是如此。
(4)so+主语+do(be，have，can，will)表示对前文提及的情况给予肯定eg：· rrom speaks English well，and so he does．汤姆讲英语很好，是的．的确如此。
His handWEiting is good，and so it is．他的书法很好，是的的确如此。
(5)主语+do+so表示该句中的主语重复了前文中的动作 eg：The teacher asked
me to fetch some chalk，and I did so．老师让我去取些粉笔，我去了。特别提醒：掌握本组语言点的用法关键在于：(1)so用于肯定句，neither/nor用于否定句；
(2)分清是“赞同”还是“另一主语的情况也如此”；(3)前后两分句的时态应保持一致。
考题10-1 (典型例题分)---You seem to have known all about the accident. __
A. So I have B. So I do C. So have I D. So do I
考题10-2 (典型例题)
I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.
A. So do I B. Neither do I C. Im the same D. So it is with me
考题10—1点拨：答案为A。答语中赞同前者的叙述，主语没有发生变化(是同一个人)，因此不用倒装形式。
考题10一2点拨：答案为D。本题首句有两个分句，第一个分句舍有否定词seldom，but后的分句叉是肯定句，因此既不能选A，也不能选B，而用so it is with…来表达。so it is with sb．/sth．表示后面的人或事与前面所说的情况一致，意为“某人也是如此”。
五、词语辨析
11．especially，speciaIly specially表示为了一个特别的目的。espec—ially强调特别地，尤其。 eg：
This dictionary is speciaily meant for forelgn learners of Chinese．
这本字典是专门提供给外国人学汉语使用的。
No’lse is unpleasant，especially when you are trying t6 sleep．
噪音令人不舒服，尤其是你想睡觉的时候。
考题11 (典型例题)It's always dif-ficult being in a foreign country if you don't speak the language.
A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially
考题11点拨：答案为D。本题考查语句的理解和副词辨析。It是形式主语，真正的主语为being in a foreign country；extremely非常地；naturally自然地；basically基本地；especially特别地，尤其。句意为：“身在异国他乡是很难的，特别是在你语言不通的情况下。”
l2．toomuch，much too too much：作定语，修饰不可数名词，或可单独在句中作主语、宾语及表语；或作状语，位于不及物动词后修饰不及物动词。
much too：“太、十分”，在句中只能作状语修饰形容词和副词。
特别提醒：too much用法同much；much too的用法同too。
考题12-1(典型例题)It was late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.
A, too very B. much too C. too much D. far much
考题12-2 用 much too,too much 填空
(1) The price of the computers is high.
(2)The lady spent money on new clothes.
(3)The trip is for the old man.
(4) Having worked all night,he was _ _tired to keep his eyes open.
(5) has been said about the performances last night.
考题12—1点拨：答案为B。rfluch too副词短语，修饰形容词late。句意为：“晚会之后要赶上公交车太晚了，因此我们就叫了辆出租车。”
考题12—2点拨：(1)mueh too (2)too much(3)too mueh(4)much too(5)Too mueh①much too+adj或adv． ②too mueh +不可数名词 ③be too mach for sb．对某人来说太过分了，说明某人“完不成，干不了，”等。
总结提示：too much用法同much；much too用法同too.
13．beautiful，pretry，handsome，lovely beautiful，pretty，handsome，Iovely都有“美”的意思，但含义有所不同，各用于不同的对象。
(1)beautiful最普通，一般用于女性，亦可用于物。 eg：a beautiful woman(face，flower，pinture)美丽的妇女(面孔、花儿、图画)，beautifuI scenery美丽的风景
(2)pretty通常形容小孩、青年女子或比较细小的东西，含有娇小、悦人、精致的美。’ eg：
a pretty child(girl，house)漂亮的小孩(姑’娘，房子)；She looks pre}ty in that new dress．她穿着那件新衣服看上去很漂亮；(3)handsome一般形容男性，有“英俊”、“漂亮”之意；(4)lovely通常用来形容能引起赞美、赞叹等感情的人或物，也常用来形容或描写女人的容貌。 eg：She is a lovely girl．她是一位可爱的女孩。
What lovely weather!多好的天气啊!
考题1 用 beautiful, pretty, hand-some, lovely填空
(1) Your husband is very
(2)She looks in that hat.
(3)What a baby it is!
(4)There are so many flowers in the shop.
考题13点拨：(1)handsome指男子的英俊之美。(2)pretty指精致、玲珑之美。(3)lovely强调“可爱的”。(4)beautiful在此用于=修饰花朵“美丽的”。掌握这四个词所适用的修饰对象及语言环境。
14．jn order to，so as to二者都表示“为了……”，但区别如下：in order to引导的不定式短语既可放于句首，又可置于句后。
so as to引导的不定式短语只可置于句后，不可放于句首。 eg：
In order to catch the first bus，I got up early．
为了赶上第一班车，我起了个大早。
I got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus．
我起了个大早，为了赶上第一班车。
特别提醒：①in order to和so as to的否定式是在to前加not，即in order not to，so as not to；②in order to和so as to后只能接动词原形，如果后接目的状语从句，可用in order that或so that来引导。
考题14 (典型例题)He went to the market early he could buy some fresh vegeta-bles.
A. in order to B. so as to C. in order that D. so as that
考题14点拨：答案为C。in order to/so as to后面不可接从句，in order that后接从句形式，没有so as that的形式。
Ⅲ．语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余
直接引语和间接引语(一)
引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1．直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导。 eg
She said．“1 am very happy to be with you．”
She said that she was very happy to be with me．
2．直接引语是一般疑问句时，变成间接引语，由连词whether或if引导。 eg：
He asked me，“Do you like watching TV?”→He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV．
特别提醒：大多数情况下，if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换，但后紧跟or not时，
一般只用whether。 eg：She asked me whether or not he could do the work．
3．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who，whom，whose，how，
when，why，where等引导。 eg：
My sister asked me．“How do you like the play?"一My s‘ister asked me how I liked the play．
4．祈使句变间接引语，采用“动词+sb．+to do sth．”的形式，其否定形式是在不定式前加not，即“动词+sb．+not to do sth．”。表示请求时用动词ask；表示命令时用动词order/telI；表示建议时用动词advise。 eg：
“Follow your teacher's instructions，”Mother said to me． Mother told me to follow my teacher's instructions．
特别提醒：(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态仍然用一般现在时态。 eg：
They told their son．“The earth goes round the sun．→
They told their son that the earth goes round the sun．
(2)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
this→that，these→those，now→then，today→that day，yesterday→the day be-fore，last year→xhe year before，ago→before，here→there等。 eg：
He said．“I haven't seen them today．”→He said that he hadnt seen them that day．
(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。 eg：
He asked Lucy，“Where did you go?”→He asked Lucy where she went．
总之，直接引语与间接引语的相互转化不能机械地理解，应根据实际的语言环境来决定所作的变化。
考题1 (典型例题
Tom Hanks told his teacher that he born in 1956．
A．was B．had been C．is D．has been
考题2 (典型例题Linda asked Amy or not she could tell her the general ideas of the poem．
A．that B．whether C．if D．how
考题3 (典型例题You can never know when she received our nice birthday presents．
A．how she was pleased
B．how excited she was
C．how happy was she
D．she was how interested
考题4 (典型例题The teacher told us that light faster than sound．
A．traveled B．had traveled C．is traveling D．travels
考题1点拨：答案为A。有明确的时间状语in 1956，陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时态。
考题2点拨：答案为B。一般疑问句的间接引语可用if或whether引导，但与or not连用时,只能用whether。
考题3点拨：答案为B。间接引语中的从句用陈述语序。
考题4点拨：答案为D。间接引语是客观事实，普遍真理时，时态用一般现在时表达。
Ⅳ．专题探究 由点及面 由表及里
专题探究：如何写一封电子邮件专题详解：
随着互联网的广泛运用，电脑已进入越来越多的家庭，成为一种连接世界的有用工具，电子邮件以它的快速、方便。成为我们生活中常用的交流方式。电子邮件不如书信正式，在交流中语言和格式也比较随便，但还是有一些原则要遵循：①在主题栏要写上你发的电子邮件的主题；②语言要简明扼要；③仔细检查你书写的内容，避免出现拼写及其他方面的错误；④在电子邮件的末尾署上你的名字。
考题(典型例题
假设你是李华，你的一位美国笔友Paul想在暑期来中国学习汉语，你帮他询问了暑假汉语班的情况。请根据下列要求写一封电子邮件，告诉他有关情况。
※时间：7月初开始，4小时/天(周一至周五) 、
※程度：三个级别(初级到高级)
※授课教师经验丰富．小班上课。
考题点拨：(例文)
Hi，Paul，
I am so glad that you are planning to take a summer course in China．Our university runs summer Chinese language courses at three levels。frombeginning to advanced．All the courses start in early July．Lessons will begiven in small classes of no more than ten students．You will get a lot of practice in such a class．All classes are taught by teachers with rich experi— enee in teaching foreign students．Classes meet four hours a day，five days a week—Monday through Friday．If you decide to’come or need any furtherinformation．please let me know．
Ii Hua
点评：①用Hi，Paul开始写电子邮件，符合电子邮件较随便的风格。
②语言简明，运用run，advanced，with rich experi-ence，meet等词汇，准确、到位地表达出了要点。
③符合电子邮件的书写格式和要求。
总评：这是一篇规范的电子邮件书面表达，格式正确，要点全面，灵活运用中学生所熟悉的词汇，准确地表达出了要点内容，语言地道，流畅。
V．考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊
回顾1 测试语法 (典型例题he teacher asked us so much no