中考英语阅读突破.doc

（目前xuwei540022用户以为广大师生准备一系列中考英语突破系列-语法-听说-阅读-写作-基础unit1unit20，欢迎下载）（本系列资料非课本仅供中考复习）谢谢中考英语单项突破阅读中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。首先，中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，迎合中考命题趋势。其次，阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要了解文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题、文章的背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。第三，从问题设置上可以将问题总结为四种类型：(一)直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。(二)理解性问题：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。在这里教给大家一个对付看不懂的单词的方法，就是猜词，怎么猜？如何猜？这是有一定的方法和技巧的，根据文章中所提到的线索，进行推理猜词。When you read, you will find some new words. What should you do? You can look up the words in the dictionary, but it will take you much time. Sometimes you can guess a new word because you know some of the parts of the new words. For example, a writer means a person writes something. Sometimes it is not enough to know the part of a new word to understand it, but it may help you a lot.1.I want to open the can of beans. Where is the opener? A. 开门人 B. 开罐器 C. 开关 D. 更开放的2.John gave his sister a pair of large green and black shoes for her birthday. It was really an odd present. A. 贵的 B. 奇特的 C. 精致的 D. 好的3. A fish takes oxygen with his gill. 鱼鳃(三)推理性题目：这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、倾向等因素加以推理，才能获得正确答案。(四)概括性题目：要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。重点词汇：Mainly/ From the text we know that/whole/ what can you infer from this passage?在看具体阅读文章之前，我还想和大家探讨一个问题，当你拿到一篇阅读文章的时候，你是先看文章还是先看后面的题目呢？在这里我只想对你说，你的习惯是先看文章也好，还是先看题目也罢，都可以，只要你按照自己的这种习惯就好，我只想对在座的同学们说，无论你是先看文章，还是先看题目，在这里希望大家注意的是，在此之前第零个步骤就是先花1秒钟的时间扫看一下文章的中文注视词和文章的题目，这对你做文章多少是有一定的帮助的。还有我要强调的就是：文章题目百分之八十都会出现在以下三个地方：1 全文的首段2 每段的首句3 全文的末句换言之，这几处大家一定要读懂、读透。还有以下给大家总结了一些在阅读当中出现的一些关键的词，这些词周围往往也是比较容易出考题的地方所在。1表示转折关系的：but, however, 2表示原因的：because, for3表示结果的：so, so that 4一些重要的形容词和短语：important, more than, in surprise5表示强调等感情色彩强烈的词：must, have to，do 6表示顺序的词：First. Second. ThirdUnit OnePart OnePassage A One day a large rock (岩石) fell down from a mountain. The rock rolled (滚) down and stopped in the middle of a road in a village. It was like a big ball. Some of the strongest men in the village tried to lift the rock. They did their best but they couldnt move it away. They tried to push it, they tired to roll it, they tried to pull it with ropes, but nothing worked. Well, they agreed, theres nothing we can do about it. Well have to build another road. At the time a young boy about 12 years old was standing by. Excuse me, he said, but I think I can help you move the rock. You? they shouted. What are you talking about? All of us have just tried, and even together we cant move it at all. The men all laughed at the boy. The next morning some people came into the road. One of them shouted, The rock is gone. More people ran out into the road to see for them-selves. It was true. The rock wasnt on the road any more. It wasnt even near the road. In fact, no one could see the rock anywhere. This is impossible. they said. Where has it gone? The twelve-year-old boy stood out, smiling. I told you I could move it, he said. I did it last night. You see, he said. I dug a deep hole next to the rock and the rock rolled down into the hole by itself. Then I covered it with the earth.1. What happened in the village one day? _ fell down from the mountain. A. A little boy B. A big rock C. The strongest men D. Some people2. The strongest men in the village could do nothing about the rock because A. they were lazy B. they were strong enough C. the rock was too big D. they thought someone else could3. When the villagers heard the boys words, they felt _.A. happy B. sadC. surprised D. afraid4. The next morning, the people in the village found _. A. the boy lost B. no rock on the road C. the rock was still there D. the boy was digging a hole5. From the story, we know that sometimes children are _ than men. A. stronger B. clevererC. more interesting D. more careful参考答案：BCCBBPassage B(B) The English language is different from any other language. Yet English words do not stay the same. The language is always changing. We need new words for new inventions and new ideas. Different words come into use, or older words are used in a new way. English can change by borrowing words from other languages, tomato was borrowed from Mexico, the word coffee came from Turkey, and tea came from China. Now new space and science words are being borrowed from other countries, too. New words are also made by adding two words together. Postman and grandfather are words made up of two parts. Sometimes new words are shorter forms of older words. The word photo was made from photograph by cutting off the end of the longer word. Plane was made by cutting off the front part of airplane. Smog was made by using only the first two and last two letters from the words smoke and fog. The names of people and products can become new words. Our sandwich was named after a man named Sandwich.6. The English language needs new words _. A. to make it more beautiful B. to make up some stories C. to keep up with other languages D. for new inventions and new ideas7. The passage makes you think that _. A. all the new words are borrowed from other languages B. languages do not stay the same all the time C. the English language has more words than other languages D. all older words are used in a new way8. On the whole, the passage is about _. A. borrowing words from other languages B. naming new products C. the development of the English language D. the old English9. The word coffee is an example to show that _. A. the English language is always changing very fast B. English can change by borrowing words from other languages C. English is not as perfect as some other languages D. sometimes new words are shorter forms of older words10. Which of the following is true? A. New words in the English language come into being in different ways. B. New English words must be longer than the older ones. C. All the languages except English always stay the same. D. None of the languages in the world are changing.参考答案：DBCBAPassage C (C) Today, roller-skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasnt easy at all. Before 1750, no one had any ideas of roller-skating. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. He liked to make things and play the violin(小提琴) in his free time. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer. One day Merlin was invited to a party. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make an amazing entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought every-one at the party would show much interest if he could skate into the room. Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was very surprised to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror(镜子) that was hanging on the wall. The mirror fell down, breaking into pieces. Merlins idea was so good that nobody forgot his special entrance for a long time. But could he find out a way to stop his roller skates?11. The passage is mainly（主要地）about _. A. a careless man B. a wonderful dream C. the birth of roller skates D. the birth of violins12. People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he _. A. dreamed day and night B. liked making things C. was an interesting man D. was full of strange ideas13. Merlin wanted to _, so he put wheels under his shoes. A. play the violin well B. arrive at the party sooner C. be taller than the others D. surprise the people at the party14. What did the writer want to tell us in the last paragraph? A. Merlin made a lot of trouble. B. Roller skates should be improved. C. The people were angry with Merlin. D. Merlin was strong enough to break the mirror into pieces.15. Which of the following is true? A. Nothing happened to Merlin at the party. B. Merlin made a surprising entrance that day. C. No one noticed Merlin when he entered the room. D. Merlin couldnt sleep well because he dreamed a lot.参考答案：CDDBBPart two(A) When David Williams left the college（大学）, he went to Australia. When he returned to England for a visit twenty years later, he decided to go back to his old college. David was very glad when he found out that his old college teacher was still teaching there. He went to visit the old man, and after they had an interesting talk, the teacher went out to get something. While he was away, David saw an exam paper on the desk. He looked at the date on it and saw that it was given to the students a week ago. David picked the paper up and read it. When the teacher came back, David said to him, Mr. Smith, Im sure that these are right the same questions that you asked us in our exams twenty years ago! How is that possible? Yes, thats right, agreed the teacher. The questions are the same, but the answers have changed.1. David went to _ after he left the college. A. England B. Australia C. another college D. his teachers office2. David felt _ when he found out that his college teacher was still teaching there. A. worried B. sorry C. surprised D. happy3. The students took the same exam _. A. twenty years ago B. while Davids teacher was away C. a week ago D. while Davids read the paper4. Can you guess why the teacher still used the same exam paper twenty years later? Because _. A. times have changed, answers have changed, too B. different students have the same answers C. the students like to the exam D. the teacher loved his students very much参考答案：BDCAPassage BB Mabel is a cashier（收银员） in a big shop in New York. People can buy medicine, watches, sweets, and many other things. They pay Mabel for the things they buy. At the shop people can also buy lottery tickets (彩票). They pay one dollar for a lottery ticket. There are pictures on the ticket. Some pictures are winning pictures, and some pictures are losing pictures. Most people win nothing. Some people win two dollars. A few lucky people win thousands of dollars. One day Mabel was working at the shop. She sold three lottery tickets to a woman. The woman looked at the pictures on the tickets. Then she threw the tickets on the counter (柜台) and walked away. These are losing tickets, she thought. Mabel picked up the tickets and looked at them. She was surprised. Then she was excited(兴奋的). One ticket was a winning ticket! Excuse me! Mabel called to the woman. You won $50,000! The woman came back to the counter. She took the winning ticket and looked at it. Youre right, she said. I won $50,000. The woman walked away slowly, looking at the ticket again and again. Then she turned around. Thank you! Thank you very much! she said to Mabel. Why did Mabel give the woman the ticket? Why didnt she keep the ticket? Didnt she want the $50,000? Of course I wanted the money, Mabel said. But it was her ticket. It wasnt my ticket. Well, Im sorry that you arent rich, her mother said. But Im happy that youre honest (诚实).5. Mabel _ at the big shop. A. receives and pays out money B. puts things on the shelves C. helps people choose things D. carries things for old people6. One lottery ticket costs _. A. nothing B. three dollars C. two dollars D. one dollar7. The woman was lucky because _. A. all her three tickets were winning tickets B. all her three tickets were losing tickets C. Mabel found the winning ticket and gave it back to her D. she found the winning ticket herself8. Mabel didnt keep the winning ticket because _. A. she won $ 50,000, too B. her mother told her not to do so C. she didnt want to have anything that was not hers D. her mother was very rich参考答案：ADCCPassage C (C) Jeff Keith has only one leg. When he was 12 years old, Jeff had cancer (癌症). Doctors had to cut off most of his right leg. Every day Jeff puts on an artificial leg (man-made leg). The leg is plastic (塑胶). With the plastic leg Jeff can ski (滑雪), ride a bicycle, swim, and play soccer. He can also run. When he was 22 years old, Jeff Keith ran across the United States, from the East to the West. He started running in Boston on April 1. He stopped running in Los Angeles. He ran 5,150 kilometers; thats about 26 kilometers each day. Jeff wore out 36 pairs of running shoes and five plastic legs. Jeff stopped in cities on the way to Los Angeles. In every city people gave Jeff money. The money was not for Jeff. It was for the American Cancer Society (美国癌症协会). The American Cancer Society used the money to learn about cancer. On the way to Los Angeles Jeff talked to people about cancer. He also talked about being disabled (伤残). Jeff is disabled, but he can do many things: he skis, swims, plays soccer, and runs. He finished college and is studying to be a lawyer (律师). Jeff says, People can do anything they want to do. I want people to know that. I ran not only for disa