高英期末翻译.doc

Lesson 8
Most investigations in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he can be made to work with less friction; psychology has lent its services to "human engineering," an attempt to treat the worker and employee like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the technical use of the worker's physical powers, most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker's psyche The underlying idea can be formulated like this: if he works better when he is happy, then let us make him happy, secure, satisfied, or anything else, provided it raises his output and diminishes friction. In the name of " human relations," the worker is treated with all devices which suit values are recommended in the interest of better relations a completely alienated person; even happiness and human with the public. Thus, for instance, according to Time magazine, one of the best-known American psychiatrists said to a group of fifteen hundred Supermarket executives: "It's going to be an increased satisfaction to our customers if we are happy... It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, if we could put some of these general principles of values, human relationships, really into practice." One speaks of "human relations" and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons ; one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity
在工业心理学方面的大多数调查都是关于如何使工人的生产率得以提高，如何能使他少带一些抵触情绪去工作。心理学已用来服务于"人类工程"，即试图把工人和雇员当作机器来对待，认为他们也像机器一样，只要加好油，就能运转得好一些。泰勒主要关心的是如何在工业生产上更好地组织使用工人的体力，而大多数工业心理学家关心的主要是如何左右工人的心灵。可以这样来表达其基本思想：如果他高兴就能工作得好一些的话，那么就让我们使他高兴、安心、满意或别的什么的，只要这样能提高他的产量，减少抵触情绪就行。在"人际关系"的名义下，他们用对一个完全冷漠的人的一切手段去对待一个工人；就是幸福和人们的价值观也是从与公众建立更好的关系这个角度提出来的。例如，据《时代》周刊报导，美国一位最著名的精神病学家对一批1 500名超级市场经理人员说："如果我们是高高兴兴的，我们的顾客就会感到更满意……如果我们真的能把某些有关价值观和人际关系的总的原则付诸实践，那么对资方来说，换来的将是实实在在的金钱。"他们讲的是"人际关系"，指的却是最最非人的关系，冷漠的机器人之间的关系。他们讲的是幸福，指的却是完全机械的重复活动，这种活动使人完全失去了独立的思考和任何的主动性。
Lesson9
In a basement under one of the beautiful public buildings of Omelas, or perhaps in the cellar of one of its spacious private homes, there is a room. It has one locked door, and no window. A little light seeps in dustily between cracks in the boards, secondhand from a cobwebbed window somewhere across the cellar. In one corner of the little room a couple of mops, with stiff, clotted, foul-smelling heads, stand near a rusty bucket. The floor is dirt, a little damp to the touch, as celar dirt usually is. The room is about three paces long and two wide: a mere broom closet or disused tool room. In the room a child is sitting. It could be a boy or a girl. It looks about six, but actually is nearly ten. It is feeble-minded. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect. It picks its nose and occasionally fumbles vaguely with its toes or genitals, as it sits hunched in the corner farthest from the bucket and the two mops. It is afraid of the mops. It finds them horrible. It shuts its eyes, but it knows the mops are still standing there; and the door is locked; and nobody will come. The door is always locked; and nobody ever comes, except that sometimes--the child has no understanding of time or interval--sometimes the door rattles terribly and opens, and a person, or several people, are there. One of them may come in and kick the child to make it stand up, The others never come close, but peer in at it with frightened, disgusted eyes. The food bowl and the water jug are hastily filled, the door is locked, the eyes disappear. The people at the door never say anything, but the child, who has not always lived in the tool room, and can remember sunlight and its mother's voice, sometimes speaks. "1 will be good," it says. "Please let me out. I will be good!" They never answer. The child used to scream for help at night, and cry a good deal, but now it only makes a kind of whining, "eh-haa, eh-haa," and it speaks less and less often. It ls so thin there are no calves to its legs; its belly protrudes; it lives on a half-bowl of corn meal and grease a day. It is naked. Its buttocks and thighs are a mass of festered sores, as it sits in its own excrement continually.
在奥米勒斯城某幢漂亮的公共建筑下面的地下室里，也许是在一所宽敞的私宅的地窖里，有一个房间。这房间有个上了锁的门，但没有窗户。一丝充满尘埃的光线从有隙缝的板墙里透过来。这光线间接来自地窖某处一个结满蛛网的窗户。小房间的一个墙角，靠近一个生锈的水桶立着几把拖把，拖把头发硬，结成一团，散发着臭气。地是泥土地，碰上去有点潮湿，地窖的泥土地都这样。房间大约三步长，两步宽，只是一个放扫帚的小问，或是久已不用的工具问。小间里坐着一个小孩，可能是个男孩．也可能是个女孩。他(她)看上去六岁左右，但实际上已近十岁。他(她)是低能儿。也许他(她)生来就是低能，也许是由于恐惧，营养不良和无人照管才变成低能。他(她)弓着背，坐在离水桶和两把拖把最远的一个角落里，抠抠鼻子，偶尔漫不经心的摸摸自己的脚趾或者生殖器。他(她)怕这拖把。他(她)觉得这些拖把很可怕。他(她)闭上眼睛，但他(她)知道拖把还立在那儿，门还是锁着，而且没有人会来。门总是锁着的；从来没有人来过。除了有时候一一这孩子没有时间概念，也不知时间间隔是什么——有时候门嘎嘎直响。然后门开了，门口站着一个人或几个人。他们中有一个可能进屋，踢踢这孩子让他(她)站起来。其他的人从来不走近，只是用恐惧、厌恶的眼睛往里瞧，看着他(她)。盛食物的碗和盛水的钵被匆匆填满，然后门给锁上，眼睛消失了。站在门口的人从来不说话，但这小孩并不是生来就住在这工具间的，他(她)还能记得阳光和母亲的声音，有时候张口说话。“我一定不淘气，”他(她)说道。“请放我出去。我一定好好的，不淘气!’’他们从不回答。孩子过去晚上总是尖声呼救，大声地哭，而且哭很久。但现在只发出一种“哎——啊，哎——啊”的哀鸣声，话也说得越来越少了。他(她)瘦极了，瘦到腿肚子都没有，肚子却鼓着，一天就靠半碗玉米粉和一点动物油维持生命。他(她)赤身裸体，臀部和股部是一大串化脓的疮，因为他(她)老坐在自己的屎尿里。
Lesson10
Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth- century warfare. To their lasting glory, they fought with distinction, but it was a much altered group of soldiers who returned from the battlefields in 1919. Especially was this true of the college contingent, whose idealism had led them to enlist early and who had generally seen a considerable amount of action. To them, it was bitter to return to a home town virtually untouched by the conflict, where citizens still talked with the naive Fourth-of-duly bombast they themselves had been guilty of two or three years earlier. It was even more bitter to find that their old jobs had been taken by the stay-at-homes, that business was suffering a recession that prevented the opening up of new jobs, and that veterans were considered problem children and less desirable than non-veterans for whatever business opportunities that did exist. Their very homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town and families and had developed a sudden bewildering world-weariness which neither they nor their relatives could understand. Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had "made the world safe for democracy." And, as if home town conditions were not enough, the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, and the smug patriotism of the war profiteers. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to "give" and, after a short period of bitter resentment, it "gave" in the form of a complete overthrow of genteel standards of behavior.
一旦这些满腔热血的年轻人饱尝了二十世纪战争的滋味以后，那种纵情狂欢的兴致和要从事轰轰烈烈的军事冒险的热情自然很快就烟消云散了。他们可以永远感到光荣，因为他们在战场上表现得很出色，但是1919年从战场上回来的却是一批已经发生了很大变化的士兵。大学兵团的士兵们更是如此。他们在理想主义的感召下很早就到军中服役，可渭是屡经沙场。对他们来说，回到几乎没有受到战争的任何影响的故乡是一件痛苦的事，因为在那里，人们仍在像庆祝独立日时那样天真地大唱爱国的高调，而这是他们自己两三年前也曾犯过的错误。更令他们痛苦的是，他们发现自己原来的工作已被留在家里的人夺占了。而当时又正值经济萧条时期，新的工作无法找到，现有的工作机会本就为数不多，而且人们又宁愿聘用非退伍军人，而把退伍军人看作难对付的孩子，不愿聘用。就连他们自己的家对他们来说也常常是不舒服的；他们再也不能适应家乡和家庭了，并且萌生出一种突如其来的、迷惘的厌世之感。这种感觉不论是他们自己还是他们的亲友都不能理解。战争激起了他们的劲头，打掉了他们的天真幼稚。而现在，在遍布全国的沉睡的、落后的地方，到处都要求他们抑制他们的劲头，并恢复那种自欺欺人的、维多利亚式的天真无邪的态度。但是他们现在觉得这种态度同那种说什么他们的战斗已“使民主在这个世界有了保障”的论调一样，都是陈旧过时的。再者，似乎家乡的情况还不够受的，退伍军人还得面对凡尔赛和约那种愚蠢的、拿破仑式的犬儒主义、禁酒法令那种虚伪的行善主义，以及那些发了战争财的人们的洋洋自得的爱国主义。那些气鼓鼓的美国青年的不满迟早要爆发出来。在经过一段短暂的强烈的怨忿之后，它终于以一种彻底推翻温文尔雅的行为规范的形式而爆发出来了。
Lesson11
Some battles have been won or lost because the commander of a large force, arriving late, decided almost at the last moment to change sides. I feel that a powerful section of English workers, together with their union bosses, is in the same situation as that commander just before he could make up his mind. These men believe that if there is a ‘Good Life’ going, then it’s high time they had their share of it. But some remaining 'Englishness' in them whispers that there may be a catch in it. Where’s this ‘Good Life’ in sweating your guts out, just because the managers are on the productivity-per-man-hour caper? It’s all a racket anyhow. If we don’t work like the old man used to do, we’re not turning out the honest stuff the old man was expected to turn out. It’s the profit now, not the product. Half the time, we cheat the foremen, the foremen cheat the management, the management cheats the customers. Okay, we want shorter hours, more holidays, bigger pay packets - then the ‘Good Life’ of the adverts for us. Or are we kidding ourselves?
一支迟到战场的大部队的指挥官在差不多最后一刻决定倒戈，从而决定了某些战役的胜败。我觉得英国工人中很有势力的一部分人和他们的工会头头们跟那个指挥官在下决心前的处境相同。这些人相信，如果“美好的生活”已经到来，那么现在就是他们分享的时候了。但是他们身上残存的一些英国人特性却暗示了“这里面怕是有鬼”。仅仅因为老板们在搞“人时”生产力的把戏而把你们累得半死不活，这就算是什么“美好的生活”吗?不论怎么说，这一切只不过是一场骗局。如果我们不像老一辈们过去那样工作，就生产不出过去要求他们生产的那种货真价实的东西来。现在要紧的是利润，而不是产品。有一半的时候我们在骗工头，工头在骗经理，经理在骗顾客。好吧，假如我们要的是工作时间短、假期长、工资高——那么我们所要的就是广告里宣传的“美好生活”。抑或我们是在自己骗自己?
Now I am not pretending that something like this is being said in every branch of English industry, and certainly not where there is a genuine - if rather old-fashioned - pride in the work on hand. But something like it is being said, thought or felt, in the very places where there is the most money, the most boredom, the most trouble and ‘industrial action’, and indeed the most 'Admass'. Behind the constant bickering , the sudden walk-outs and strikes, the ‘bloody-mindedness’, which bewilder so many foreign commentators, is the conflict between 'Admass', offering so much, and the 'Englishness' that instinctively recoils from 'Admassian' values and life-style. There are, of course, people on the management side who may be aware of this conflict in themselves, but it is probably nothing like so sharp, the 'Admass' spoils being greater for them and their instinctive feeling not being so strong. The common people have clung harder to tradition than any other class. In addition to this conflict, all the more worrying because it is hardly ever openly discussed, there is something else that must disturb many officials and members of the more powerful trade unions. This is the anomalous position of these huge organizations. What exactly are they? One day they describe themselves as existing simply to negotiate rates of pay, hours and conditions of work. Another day they talk and behave as if the country was moving towards syndicalism and they were in the van. A week later they will be back in their purely negotiating role. They make the rest of us feel that either they should be more important and if possible creative, or less important, just minding their own business. As it is they are like a hippopotamus blundering in and out of a pets’ tea party. Moreover, sooner or later they will have to put an end to this conflict between 'Admass' and what remains of their 'Englishness', coming down decisively on one side or the other, for they cannot enjoy both together. The future of the English may be shaped by this decision.
我现在并不是在故弄玄虚地说在英国所有的工业部门都有这种议论。可以肯定地说，在对自己现在从事的工作有一种真正的自豪一即使是如今已不时兴的那种自豪～的部门，这种议论是没有的。但恰恰就是在那种最赚钱、最单调乏味、麻烦最多、“工业行动”最多，老实说．即商业广告推销最厉害的地方，人们有类似这样的议论、想法或感触。在无休止的争吵，突然的罢工，让许多外国评论家迷惑不解的咄咄逼人的固执背后是这样一种矛盾：一方面是商业广告推销，向你提供众多的东西；一方面是英国人特性，本能地对这种商业广告推销的价值观和生活方式感到反感。当然，在经理人员中也有人可能意识到这种矛盾在自己身上也存在，但大概不会那么尖锐，因为通过商业广告推销，他们得利较大，而他们的本能感觉又不那么强烈。除了这种矛盾外，还有别的东西在使比较有势力的工会里的不少官员和会员感到不安。由于这种东西几乎从来不公开讨论，因此更令人担心。这就是这些庞大组织的异常地位。这些组织到底是什么呢?一会儿他们说他们的存在就是为了谈判工资额、工作时间和工作条件，一会儿他们的言论和行为似乎预示着这个国家正在走向工联主义，而他们就是先锋。过一个星期他们又会倒回去扮演他们那种纯粹是谈判的角色。他们使我们其余的人觉得要么他们应该起更重要的作用，可能的话更有创新精神。要么起不那么重要的作用，只管他们自己的事。而现在，他们就像只河马闯进闯出玩赏动物的茶会。不仅如此，他们迟早要解决这种商业广告推销和他们残存的一些英国人特性之间的矛盾，下决心站到这一边或那一边，因为他们不能同时享有二者。英国人的未来也许要取决于这个决定。
Lesson12
Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people, and ours is no exception. It is up to the American writer to find out what these laws and assumptions are. In a society much given to smashing taboos without thereby managing to be liberated from them, it will be no easy matter.
每个社会其实都是由一些潜在的规律，由一些人们没有说出来但却深深感觉到并看作是理所当然的事物所支配的，我们的社会也不例外。要弄清这些规律和事物，就要由美国作家来努力。在一个非常喜爱冲破禁忌却又不能由此从中解脱出来的社会，要弄清这些，不会是一件容易的事。
It is no wonder, in the meantime, that the American writer keeps running off to Europe. He needs sustenance for his journey and the best models he can find. Europe has what we do not have yet, a sense of the mysterious and inexorable limits of life, a sense, in a word, of tragedy. And we have what they sorely need: a new sense of life’s possibilities.
　难怪在此期间美国作家不断跑到欧洲去。他的人生历程需要精神食粮，他也需要可能找到的最好的模式。欧洲有着我们还没有的东西，一种生活的神秘而又不可抗拒的极限感，一句话，一种悲剧感。而我们也有着他们十分需要的东西——一种认为生活大有可为的新认识。
In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, not the statesman, who is our strongest arm. Though we do not wholly believe it yet, the interior life is a real life, and the intangible dreams of people have a tangible effect on the world.
在努力把旧世界的看法和新世界的看法结合起来的过程中，不是政治家，而是作家，是我们最强的一支力量。虽然我们迄今还未全信，可是内心的生活确是真正的生活，而人们那种海市蜃楼般的梦幻却对世界有着实实在在的影响。