亚运场馆的指引(英语).doc

Guangzhou (Canton), a prosperous metropolis full of vigor, is the capital city of Guangdong Province located along the south coastline of China. Being an excellent port on the Pearl River navigable to the South China Sea, and with fast accessibility to Hong Kong and Macau, Guangzhou serves as the political, economic, scientific, educational and cultural center in Guangdong area.
Being the first cities benefited from China's Reform and Opening Up policy since 1978, Guangzhou acts as the pioneer of the economic development of the country, with thousands of large, small and medium-sized enterprises, which offer more job opportunities and make the city a heavily populated area. The city is especially prosperous in commerce, tourism, dining, finance and real estate. For travelers, Guangzhou shows much attraction through its famous sights such as the Five Ram Statue in Yuexiu Park, Pearl River and White Cloud Mountain.
Guangzhou History. from googleearth
It is believed that the first city built at the site of Guangzhou was Panyu (蕃禺, later simplifed to 番禺; the locals pronounced this in Cantonese as Poon Yu) founded in 214 BC. The city has been continuously occupied since that time. Panyu was expanded when it became the capital of the Nanyue Kingdom (南越) in 206 BC.
Recent archaeological founding of her palace suggests that the city might have traded frequently with foreigners by the sea routes. The foreign trade continued through every following dynasty and the city remains a major international trading port to this day.
The Han Dynasty annexed Nanyue in 111 BC, and Panyu became a provincial capital and remains so until this day. In 226 AD, the city became the seat of the Guang Prefecture (廣州; Guangzhou). Therefore, 'Guangzhou' was the name of the prefecture, not of the city. However, people grew accustomed to calling the city Guangzhou, instead of Panyu.
Although the Chinese name of Guangzhou replaced Panyu as the name of the walled city, Panyu was still the name of the area surrounding the walled city until the end of Qing era.
Arabs and Persians sacked Guangzhou (known to them as Sin-Kalan) in AD 758, 2 according to a local Guangzhou government report on October 30, 758, which corresponded to the day of Guisi (癸巳) of the ninth lunar month in the first year of the Qianyuan era of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty.[1][2][3]
During the Northern Song Dynasty, a celebrated poet called Su Shi visited Guangzhou's Baozhuangyan Temple and wrote the inscription 'Liu Rong' (Six Banyan Trees) because of the six banyan trees he saw there. It has since been called the Temple of the Six Banyan Trees.
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive to the city by sea, obtaining the monopoly for external trade with its harbour by 1511. They were later expelled from their settlements in Guangzhou (in Portuguese Canton or Cantao), but instead granted use of Macao (first occupied in 1511) as a trade base with the city in 1557. They would keep a near monopoly of foreign trade in the region until the arrival of the Dutch in the early XVII century.
After China brought Taiwan under its control in 1683, the Qing government became open to encouraging foreign trade. Guangzhou quickly emerged as one of the most adaptable ports for negotiating commerce and before long, many foreign ships were going there to procure cargos. Portuguese in Macao, Spanish in Manila, and Armenians and Muslims from India were already actively trading in the port by the 1690s, when the French and English East India companies' ships began frequenting the port. Other companies were soon to follow: the Ostend General India Company in 1717; Dutch East India Company in 1729; the first Danish ship in 1731, which was followed by a Danish Asiatic Company ship in 1734; the Swedish East India Company in 1732; followed by an occasional Prussian and Trieste Company ship; the Americans in 1784; and the first ships from Australia in 1788. By the middle of the 18th century, Guangzhou had emerged as one of the world's great trading ports, which was a distinction it maintained until the outbreak of the Opium War in 1839 and the opening of other ports in China in 1842.
Guangzhou was one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened by the Treaty of Nanking (signed in 1842) at the end of the First Opium War between Britain and China. The other ports were Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai.
In 1918, 'Guangzhou' became the official name of the city, when an urban council was established in it. Panyu became a county's name south of Guangzhou. In both 1930 and 1953, Guangzhou was promoted to the status of a Municipality, but each promotion was cancelled within the year.
Japanese troops occupied Guangzhou from 1938-10-12 to 1945-09-16.
Communist forces entered the city on October 14, 1949. Their urban renewal projects improved the lives of many residents. New housing on the shores of the Pearl River provided homes for the poor boat people. Reforms by Deng Xiaoping, who came to power in the late 1970s, led to rapid economic growth due to the city's close proximity to Hong Kong and access to the Pearl River.
As labor costs increased in Hong Kong, manufacturers opened new plants in the cities of Guangdong including Guangzhou. As the largest city in one of China's wealthiest provinces, Guangzhou attracts farmers from the countryside looking for factory work. Cantonese links to overseas Chinese and beneficial tax reforms of the 1990s have aided the city's rapid growth.
In 2000, Huadu and Panyu were merged into Guangzhou as districts, and Conghua and Zengcheng became county-level cities of Guangzhou.
一、亚运会的主会场
广州亚运会将使用70个场馆，设置的50个比赛场馆和20个训练场馆，形成了多中心、多功能的空间格局，即广东奥林匹克体育中心、天河体育中心、大学城、亚运城及花园酒店周边场馆等五大亚运场馆群，并辐射到广州市10个区2个县级市和佛山、东莞、汕尾3个分赛区城市。亚运场馆的布局具有有效利用现有场馆，紧密衔接城市轨道交通，与城市发展空间格局相匹配，与周边历史文化史迹以及社区体育发展需求相结合等特点。70 venues will be utilized for the Guangzhou Asian Games including 50 competition venues and 20 training venues, which form a multi-centre and multi-function space and are roughly divided into five main clusters: the Guangdong Olympic Sports Centre, Tianhe Sports Centre, Guangzhou University Town Venues, Asian Games Town and venues located around the Garden Hotel. A small number of the Games venues are also located in Guangzhou`s 10 districts, 2 county-level satellite cities, and 3 co-host cities of Foshan, Dongguan and Shanwei. The layout of Games venues fully utilizes the existing venues, links the urban mass transit, and fits well into the city’s development plan. It also integrates spots of historical and cultural interest in the surrounding areas while taking into consideration the needs of the community sports development.
Guangdong Olympic Sports Center (including the Huangcun Sports Training Base) 奥林匹克体育中心 （含黄村体育训练基地）
Location: Tianhe District , east Guangzhou
Competition/Events: Opening and Closing Ceremonies, Athletics, Swimming, Diving, Equestrian (Modern Pentathlon), Shooting, Fencing, Cross-country Running, Archery, Tennis, Baseball, Hockey
场馆位置：该场馆位于广州市的东面天河区。
举办项目：这里将举行亚运会的开/闭幕式及田径，跳水（在建场馆），现代五项的马术，射击，游泳，击剑和越野跑，射箭，网球（在建场馆），棒球和曲棍球比赛项目。
亚运会主会场将是广东奥林匹克中心。届时，亚运会的开幕式、闭幕式和田径项目的决赛将在此举行。记者从“2006国际场馆建设与可持续发展高峰论坛”上获悉，作为亚运场馆建设的主要会场之一，已有20年历史的天河体育中心将在2010年前进行改造。
广州亚运城综合体育馆Asian Games Town Gymnasium
Location: Asian Games Town, south of Guangzhou
Competition/Events: Rhythmic Gymnastics, Trampoline, Artistic Gymnastics, Beach Volleyball, Cue Sports and Squash
场馆位置：广州南部的亚运城
举办项目：艺术体操、蹦床、竞技体操、沙滩排球、台球和壁球比赛
广州大学城场馆区Guangzhou University Town
Location: National University Park, south-east Guangzhou, 17km from the city centre
Spectator capacity/status: 8 universities and 12 venues in total, with the biggest capacity of 39,926. Venues are not newly built but some refurbishment is underway.
Competition/Events: Cricket Basketball, Volleyball, Kabaddi, Football, Handball, Rugby, Triathlon, Marathon and Cycling-Road, Judo and Wrestling.
场馆位置： 广州大学城位于广州市东南部距广州市中心约17公里。
场馆坐席容量和现况：目前大学城中有8所大学 12个场馆参与了亚运会，所有场馆都是新建或后建的，最大的场馆可容纳39926名观众。
举办项目：板球、篮球、排球、卡巴迪、足球、手球、橄榄球、铁人三项、马拉松，自行车公路赛、柔道和摔跤。
天河体育中心Tianhe Sports Center

Location: Central Tianhe District
Spectator capacity/status: Venues are being rebuilt after use in 6th National Games. The biggest spectator capacity of these venues is 56,842.
Competition/Events: Football, Badminton, basketball, Water Polo, Bowling, Baseball and Soft Tennis.
场馆位置：该体育中心位于天河区的中心地带。
场馆坐席容量和现况：该中心的所有场馆是为承办第六届全运会而建的，目前正在进行改建和重新装修，最大的场馆可容纳56842名观众。
举办项目：该体育中心的亚运比赛项目包括足球、羽毛球、篮球、水球、保龄球、垒球和软式网球。
越秀山体育场、广东省人民体育场Yuexiu Shan Stadium and Guangdong People’s Stadium
Location: Yuexiu District
Spectator capacity/status: Refurbishment underway. The capacity of Yuexiu Shan Stadium is 25,000 and 26,000 for Guangdong People’s Stadium.
Competition/Events: Football Preliminaries
场馆位置：这两个足球赛场是广州市解放以来历史最悠久的体育场，位于越秀区。
场馆坐席容量和现况：两个场馆都在改建中，越秀山体育场可容纳25000名观众，广东人民体育场可容纳26000名观众。
举办项目：足球预赛
广州体育馆Guangzhou Gymnasium
Location: Baiyun District
Spectator capacity/status: 9,874, construction complete. Competition/Events: Table Tennis Preliminaries and Volleyball Finals
场馆位置：白云区
场馆坐席容量和现况：现有场馆，可容纳9874名观众。
举办项目：排球决赛和乒乓球预赛
黄埔体育中心Huangpu Sports Centre Gymnasium
Huangpu District Sports Centre is an important urban infrastructure construction, from the 9th National Games main stadium-just a few kilometers Huangcun Stadium the contractor has been part of the Ninth National Games event. Sports Centre will be built-sports, leisure and entertainment, cultural performances, exhibitions, recreational activities as one of the places. Huangpu Sports Centre covers an area of 18 hectares, Planning and Design has an international standard track and field stadium, multifunctional gymnasium, indoor swimming pool and water sports recreation center and various outdoor sports game market. Athletic stadium covers an area of about 36,000 square meters, construction area of about 16,000 square meters, located things stand, 10,000 seats, designed to stand under Shouceng sporting goods shopping centres and sports clubs, deputy floor, near the North 01,500 square meters Sports industry for operating rooms. Stadium could also be used for the golf driving range opened up. Stadium covers an area of 04,500 square meters, construction area of 10,000 square meters, 3,600 seats, can assume a variety of indoor sports competitions, cultural performances and exhibitions, and other purposes. Indoor swimming pool and water sports recreation center covers an area of 07,600 square meters, construction area of 14,000 square meters. All kings of outdoor sports game market, covering about 30,000 square meters ,has 15 venues. (You may Tennis Club)
黄埔体育中心是黄埔区城市建设重要的配套设施，距九届全运会主赛场——黄村体育场仅几公里，曾承办九运会的部分比赛项目。体育中心将建成体育、康休娱乐、文娱表演、展览、休闲为一休的活动场所。黄埔体育中心占地面积18公顷，规划设计有国际标准田径运动场，多功能体育馆，室内游泳馆及水上娱乐中心和各种球类室外比赛场。田径运动场占地面积约为3.6平方米，设东西看台，1万座位，看台下首层设计为体育用品商场及体育俱乐部，北副楼所0.15万平方米为体育产业经营用房。运动场也可利用开辟为高尔夫球练习场。体育馆占地面积0.45万平方米，建筑面积1万平方米，座位3600个，可承担各种室内体育比赛，文娱表演及展览等用途。室内游泳馆及水上娱乐中心占地面积0.76万平方米，建筑平和1.4万平方米。室外各种球类比赛场占地约3万平方米，有15块场地。（可作网球俱乐部使用）。
宝岗体育场Baogang Stadium
Baogang Haizhu District Guangzhou Stadium in New Fengxiang Street Baogang Road No.93,covers an area of 24,283 square meters, features the podium, more than2,000 stands. A large standard artificial turf soccer pitches, six plastic runway 400 meters, with lighting the night market, all day to the community to provide football ,basketball, track and field, and so on a number of fitness activities.
海珠区宝岗体育场位于广州市海珠区宝岗大道新凤祥大街93号，占地面积24283平方米，内设主席台，2000多个观众席。有大型标准人造草足球场，六条400米塑胶跑道，并设有灯光夜场，可全天向社会提供足球、篮球、田径等多瑞委身活动。
沙面网球场Sand surface tennis courts
Guangzhou sand surface tennis courts is a veteran of the tennis courts. Although veteran, but good equipment, in the 9th National Games will be held at the renovated.
Sand surface tennis courts in environmental clean sand surface, adjacent to the White Swan Hotel and foreign consulates area. The fully-equipped tennis courts, six outdoor courts, two indoor courts, and a table tennis room, shower room. You can also enjoy a number of sports for the fun. Tennis courts also have tennis training courses, a professional trainer for professional counseling. Tennis courts, there are a Lan Kwai Fong Thai Restaurant, Bar, in the fierce campaign or competition ,this can enjoy exotic cuisine, it is a good place for leisure.
广东国际划船中心Guangdong International Canoeing Centre
Guangdong International Canoeing Centre(“Canoeing Centre”)is located in Guangzhou Baiyun District Zhuliao town, the Guangdong Provincial Sports Bureau of the boats training base ,the 9th National Games rowing, canoeing competition held here.
Canoeing Centre covering 106 hectares, 250 million yuan investment, built 2,500 meters long, 162 meters wide of the rowing lake. Domestic shipping centre is currently seven in the International Canoeing Center only offers a large automatic subsystems of the Boating Center. It is also in Guangdong rowing team ,Pifa boat teams and the torrent team sports training base.
广东国际划船中心（下称“划船中心”）座落在广州市白云区竹料镇，是广东省体育局的船艇训练基地，九运会的赛艇、皮划艇比赛在这里举行。
划船中心占地106公顷，2.5亿元，建成长2500米、宽162米的人工赛艇湖。船中心是目前国内7个国际划船中心中唯一配备了大型自动计分系统的划船中心。它还是广东赛艇队、皮筏艇队和激流队的运动训练基地。
芳村体育中心Fangcun Sports Centre
Fangcun Sports Centre, covering 208 acres, is the modern city of Guangzhou City ,image-building projects and Liwan key construction projects. Interesting Sports Centre: gym ,stadium, tennis competition training ground, water sports center, hotel and a sports project, with a total investment scale of 590 million yuan . Fangcun Sports Centre, located at Liwan District of Guangzhou City and spent by the Pit River west of the village, 60meters wide north direct access to the South China Sea Guicheng the Longxi Road, West, south of 30 meters wide, are planning Road , straight-line distance from the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall About 10kilometres to the Metro Line 1 pit about one kilometers east longitude Pear River Tunnel, the Hedong Bridge to Guangzhou, the old town just seven minutes by car, the north gate for the 300meters east inner ring road radiation exports, 800 meters to the west , Central Expressway, the traffic is very convenient. 300 meters north of the tennis courts in rural Extreme Golf Course, west of 800 meters is built on4,000 acres in Flower Expo yen, a beautiful environment, fresh air, is the ideal fitness treasure land .Fangcun Tennis Sports Centre is the 9th National Games tennis main stadium. Engineering personnel, the Museum is currently the highest level of domestic, the most comprehensive facilities, environmental facilities the perfect off one of tennis.
芳村体育中心占地208亩，是广州市现代化城市建设形象工程和荔湾区重点建设项目。体育中心内设：体育馆、体育场、网球比赛训练场、水上运动中心、体育宾馆及配套项目，总投资规模5.9亿元。
芳村体育中心位于广州市荔湾区药地河以西的增窖村，北连60米宽直达南海桂城的龙溪路，其西、南面均为30米宽的规划路，距离中山纪念堂直线距离约10公里，往地铁一号线坑口约1公里，东经珠江隧道，鹤洞大桥至广州老城区只需7分钟车程，北门往东300米为内环放射路出口，往西800米接外环高速公路，交通极为便利。网球场北面300米是乡村至尊高尔夫球场，西面800米是在建的四千亩花卉博览园，环境优美，空气清新，是理想的健身宝地。
芳村网球体育馆是九运会网球主赛场。该馆是目前国内档次最高，设施最完备，环境配套设施最完美的网球赛场之一。

3、黄埔体育中心是黄埔区城市建设重要的配套设施，距九届全运会主赛场——黄村体育场仅几公里，曾承办九运会的部分比赛项目。
4、大学城体育中