初中二年级第三单元.doc

Unit3 How do you make a banana milk shake?重点语法：描述一个过程 服从别人的指令 询问做某事的过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句 分步回答用 first(首先), next(接着), then(然后), finally(最后) 等时间副词引导从句。例句：A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉？) B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下来把水果放到一个碗里。)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。) Finally mix it all up.(最后将它们放在一起搅拌。)重点短语：turn on 打开（电器）闭合开关 turn off 关闭（电器）断开开关cut up 切碎 mix up 混合add . to . 把加到上 pour . into . 把浇到里面put . in . 把放到里面 put . on . 把放到上面a cup of 一杯 a teaspoon of 一勺 make faces 作鬼脸， make friends with 与交朋友， make a noise吵闹, make mistakes犯错误, make the bed整理床铺, make ones way to往走去, make room for给腾出地方 . its easy to do sth. 做某事容易， its hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事难， Its necessary to do sth.做某事必要1.amount 2. instruction 3. finally 4. boil 5. salt 6. sandwich 7.bread 8. butter9. check 10. duck （二）重点短语1. milk shake 奶昔2. turn on 打开点拨turn on 的意思是“打开”，通常指打开电器，拧开水龙头等。如：Could youplease turn on the blender?拓展反义词是turn off，意为“关上”。如：Dont forget to turn off the tap(水龙头).练习翻译句子：请打开电视机。 the TV, please.3. cup up 切碎4. pour sth. into 将某物倒入5. a teaspoon of 一茶匙点拨不可数名词不能直接用数词来修饰，表示不可数名词的量时，要用“数词+计量名词 + of + 不可数名词”。如：a cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶，two teaspoons of salt 两茶匙盐。练习单项选择：Please give me bread.A. two B. two slices C. two slices of6. mix up 混合在一起点拨mix up 是“动词+ 副词”构成的短语，当所跟宾语为名词时，可位于两者之间或副词之后; 但当宾语为代词时，则只能位于两者之间。拓展有类似用法的短语还有：cut up, turn on 等。如：cut it up, turn it on。练习翻译句子：倒入一些牛奶和蜂蜜，然后将它们混合在一起。Pour some milk and honey, and .7. add sth. to 将某物加入8. a slice of 一片9. on the top 在顶部10. a recipe for 的烹调法（三）重点句型1. How do you make? 你怎么制作？点拨询问如何制作某物用How does sb. make sth.? 句型。如： How does Tom make a model plane?链接make 作动词，可表示“做；制作”。如：make bread 做面包；make clothes做衣服。练习翻译句子：你如何制作奶昔？ do you a milk shake?2. How many / much do we need? 我们需要多少？点拨 对可数名词的数量提问用how many，后面跟可数名词复数；对不可数名词的数量提问用how much，后面跟不可数名词。所谓的名词，即是指物品、动、植物，以及地方的名称。但有些东西是可以数得出来的，而有些则是数不出来的。数得出来的东西，便称为可数名词，数不出来的东西，即称为不可数名词。平时所见的可数名词有椅子、桌子、人、树木等；而根本数不出来的不可数名词有水、空气、感情等，但有些则是太小，或平时也没有细数者，如头发、沙子、稻米等，亦归为不可数名词。依此推想，你可以想到有哪些可数名词？哪些不可数名词呢？试各举五个例子：1可数名词和不可数名词（Countable noun and Uncountable noun）从名词的数上划分，英语名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词的单数可以与冠词a/an 连用。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，不能与a / an 连用。在这里，我们重点讲述不可数名词。（1）不可数名词包括各种物质的统称。bread 面包 stone石头 beer啤酒 water水 cream奶油 wood木头jam果酱 ice 冰 paper纸 oil油 soap肥皂 glass玻璃 tea茶 gold黄金（2）抽象名词也是不可数名词advice 主意/忠告 death死亡 beauty美丽、漂亮 help帮助（3）在英文中下列名词也是不可数名词baggage 行李 furniture家具 weather气候 information信息 knowledge知识 news新闻（4）不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与a / an 连用，在前面往往加上some（一些）， any （任何）, no （没有），a little （少许）等词，或与量词搭配，组成短语。I dont want any advice or help I want some informationa piece of news 一条消息a drop of oil 一滴油a cake of soap 一块肥皂a cup of tea 一杯茶two slices of bread 两片面包three teaspoons of mayonnaise 三茶匙蛋黄酱（5）英语名词的可数或不可数，不要从汉语本身去理解，要根据英语的习惯和特点判断、记忆。例如：money是不可数名词，dollar则是可数名词。I have much money 我有许多钱He has many dollars 他有许多美元。（6）有些词即是可数名词，又是不可数名词。如hair 指一个人头上的全部头发时，是不可数名词；如果指每一根毛发时，就是可数的，可以说one hair , two hairs Her hair is black Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out她的头发是黑的。她只要发现有一根白发就将它拔掉。但在英语中，有些名词的归类却不是我们平时的可数、不可数概念，如 fish（鱼）、fruit（水果）等，这点需要特别的注意。做笔记的方式：平时在学得一个新名词时，随时不忘随手在名词后标上注记，可数名词记为C，不可数名词记为U。many 和 much 的差别：这两个字虽然都是，很多的意思，但 many 后面是接可数名词，而 much 后面是接不可数名词，例：1Do you have many books?（books 为可数名词复数，故前用 many。）2Do you have much homework?（homework 为不可数名词，故前用 much。）How many .? 的用法：我们平时说话时，总会说或听到这样的句子：1你有几本书？（或你有多少本书？）2他有几张卡片？（或他有多少张卡片？）3Mary 今天有几堂课？（或Mary 今天有多少堂课？）上述三个例句最大的特色是，都有几或多少的问数量之词，都把它们译成英文看看，是不是也都有相似的字出现？4How many books do you have?5How many cards does he have?6How many classess does Mary have today?若以一个表格的方式，将上述的句子做分类，你应该可以归纳出这样一个表：How many可数复数名词do/does主词have？其实How many ? 的使用还不只于此，上述句型中的动词，并不只限于 have，先看看底下的例子：7How many candies do you eat every morning?（你每天早上吃多少糖果？）8How many letters does she write every day?（她每天写多少信？）想想看：试试将底下的句子翻译成英文。1你每天看多少本书？2Tom每天晚上吃多少热狗？3他有多少朋友呢？4这群学生每天打几场篮球赛？5Amanda 每天读几科？How much .? 的用法：上述的句型，因为是用 many 的关系，只限用于问多少可数名词时，若是要问不可数名词的数量时，则将 many 为 much 即可，例：9How much money do you get?（你拿到多少钱？）10How much cheese does he eat every morning?（他每天早上吃多少奶酪？）11How much beef does MrsChen get?（陈太太买多少牛肉？）想想看：若依据 How many .? 的用法，则问不可数名词数量的句型，应该怎么写呢？do/does主词？到第二册第八课为止，已学过的常用不可数名词有：fish, ice cream, milk, money, beef, cheese, chicken（鸡肉）, exercise（运动）, food, homework, jewelry, juice, meat, pork, tea 等。2祈使句的使用祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。没有主语，动词用原形。否定的祈使句要在动词前加Dont构成。Stand up , Please ! 请起立。Dont wake me up tomorrow morning 明天早上别叫醒我。Hurry up , or you will be late 赶紧一点，否则你会迟到的。Dont run in the hallways 在走廊上不能跑。Peel the apple , please 给苹果削皮。Exercise : 汉译英（1）切碎三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。（2）把水果放进一个碗里。（3）放两茶匙肉桂和一杯酸奶。（4）把所有的东西混在一起搅拌。Keys :Cup up three bananas , three apples and a watermelonPut the fruit in a bowlPut in two teaspoons of cinnamon and a cup of yogurt .Mix it all up 3学习陈述一个过程及一些副词first , next , then finally 的使用。在生活中，我们经常要向别人讲述一件事情发生的经过，或者讲述做事的先后顺序。也就是叙述一个过程，恰当的使用first , next , then , 和finally ，既能使说话人喘口气，又能使听话者感到句子的连贯性。First .（首先.）， Next .（接下来.）Then .（然后.）， Finally .（最后.）egA: How do you make chicken SandwichB: Well , first , put the mayonnaise on a slice of bread Then cut up an onion and a tomatoAdd these to the sandwich Next , put some lettuce and the chicken slices on the sandwich Put the relish on the chicken Finally , put another slice of bread on top A: It must be delicious Thank you for telling me 4cut 切，割，剪，割破cut up 切碎、粉碎、捣毁egI cut my finger when I cooked dinner yesterday昨天我做晚饭时割破了手指。The butcher cut up the meat 屠夫把肉切碎。5add.to把.加到.上egIf you add 5 to 6 , you get 11五加六得十一。Please add turkey slice to the sandwich 请把火鸡片加到三明治里。7补充词汇（1）碟子 dish （2）盘子plate（3）汤匙spoon （4）刀子knife（5）叉子fork （6）打蛋器egg beater（7）苏打水soda （8）奶油cream（9）peach桃 （10）梨pear（11）葡萄grape （12）strawberry草莓（13）sauce酱油 （14）sesame oil 香油（15）butter 黄油 （16）salad oil 色拉油（17）peanut oil 花生油如：How many students are there in the classroom?又如：How much water do you want? 练习选词填空： How (many / much) milk do you need?3. Let me think让我想想4. First Next Then Finally首先接下来然后最后5. Do you like in sandwiches?你喜欢三明治里加吗？6. Heres a recipe for这是的烹调法。（四）中考链接课本原句Turn on the blender.中考真题( ) 1. Its time for us to listen to the news. Would you please the radio?A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down( ) 2. those lights, please. Dont use so much energy(能源). A. Take off B. Put on C. Turn off D. Turn on课本原句How many bananas do we need?We need three bananas.How much yogurt do we need?We need one cup of yogurt.中考真题( ) 3. milk do you want?Three bottles, please. A. How much B. How many C. What( ) 4. Do you know how many a horse has and how many a bee has? Of course, I know. A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot( ) 5. How much tea do you need, Mr Zhang?. A. Two cups tea B. Two cup of teas C. Two cups of tea( ) 6. There a lot of rain in the area in August every year. A. is B. was C. are D. were7. 用括号内词的适当形式填空：It is said that eight of water a day can help you keep fit. (glass)单元检测（100分）一、短语翻译（10分）1、两块鸡肉 2、一茶匙肉桂 3、混合在一起 4、两箱梨儿5、喝两袋牛奶 6、可数名词 7、不可数名词 8、制作水果沙拉9、多少牛肉 10、多少苹果二词汇（22.5分）1.Please buy some _(三明治) for your grandma.2.Let me help you put some _(黄油) on your bread.3.I want some _(糖) in my coffee.4.My mother put_ _(两勺) of sauce in it.5.How do you _ (做)the fruit salad?6._（检查）your papers before you hand them in.7.Before you take the medicine, you must read the _（说明）carefully.8.I have already _（加）some salt to the soup . Is it salty enough ?9Chickens cant swim while _ （鸭子）can.10. Now lets _（混合）them up , then we can get a mixture.11. He gave his daughter a large a_ of money.12. Bread is baked in an o_.13. You should a_ some water to the soup.14. We need two t_ of honey.15. How m_ yogurt do you want to buy?三. 选择（22.5分）( ) 1. Finally, _ all the ingredients in the blender.A. mix up B. mixture C. bring( ) 2. How much _ do you want?A. money B. shoes C. moneys( ) 3. How many _ are there on the table?A. water B. cup of water C. bottles of water( ) 4. I usually have some bread and some _ pork for breakfast.A. slices of B. slice of C. slices( ) 5. We _ peanut before we eat them. A. eat B. hit C. peel( ) 6. He often _ the TV and watches the news when he comes home.A. opens B. turns on C. turns off( ) 7. _ the bananas and yogurt in the blender.A. Put B. Put in C. Take( ) 8. How do you _ a kite?A. smell B. make C. taste( ) 9. Li Mu picks _ corn than _.A. much more, Jills B. many more, Jill C. much more, Jill( ) 10. This piece of paper is beautiful. But its too small. Could you give me a big _?A. one B. piece C. paper( ) 11. Lucy, Ill give you _.A. something different B. different something C. anything different( ) 12. There _ three pieces of paper on the table.A. is B. have C. are( ) 13. There is _ chicken in the cupboard. Go and buy some.A. little B. a little C. few( ) 14. _ milk is there in the bottle?A. How many B. How much C. How often( ) 15. Dont forget to _ the light before you leave the classroom.A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down四、句型转换（15分）1. He knows a little about Chinese.（提问） _ _ does he know about Chinese?2. Jacks mother gives him ten dollars every day.(提问）_ _ _ Jacks mother _ him every day?3. There are two cups of tea on the table.（提问） _ _ _ _ tea on the table?4. There is an apple in the picture.（提问） What _ in the picture?5. There is an apple in the picture.（提问） How _ _ _ there in the picture?11