第一讲 英语句子结构分析.doc

华杰MBA:语法专题

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教学重点：
1：掌握五种基本句型
2：了解除Be以外的其他四种系动词。
3：了解接TO和FOR的双宾语的动词有哪些。
4：能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。
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第一讲 英语句子结构分析
句子的划分
I. 根据结构划分：①简单句
S+V（主+谓）
S+V+P(主+谓+表)
S+V+O（主+谓+宾）
S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）
S+V+O+C（主+谓宾+宾补）
②并列句 and, but, or
③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）
副词从句（状语从句）
形容词从句（定语从句）
II. 根据功能划分： 陈述句
疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句）
祈使句
感叹句
III. 根据句子成分：单个词汇
短语
从句

一．陈述句（五种句型）
1. I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。
Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。

2. Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。

3. I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。

4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。

5. We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。

主语
谓语
动词

五种句型
I
am
a webaholic
表语

1.主+谓+表
Chatting on the internet
is
Interesting
表语

Internet dating
hurts

2.主+谓
I
like
Chatting online
宾语

3.主+谓+宾
Chatting on the internet
brings
me
间接宾语
a lot of fun
直接宾语
4.主+谓+间宾+直宾
We
can call
Internet addicts
宾语
a webaholic
宾语补足语
5.主+谓+宾语+宾补

I. 常用作连系动词：
① 变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn
口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get\ become口语化，如果要说就用它.
口诀解读：
Come 一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。
如：Dreams come true. 梦想成真。
Go 一般表示事物由好变坏，结果是不好的。
如：It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.  今天太热了，菜都馊了。
Grow 表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。
如：I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。
Run 与grow 是对应的，其主语多为能流动，能消耗的东西。
如：Still water runs deep.静水深流。
Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达与之前大不相同。
如：The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天树变绿了，花开了。
Get\become在口语表达时用得比较多，但这二者相比，become相对正式些，其主语既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息，他变得很生气。总之，不管英语多么“变”化多端，万“变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流，所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词，才能真正掌握其内涵。
系词be它有三，am is are ，
我（I）用am，you（你）用are，
is 用于他她它；
单数is，复数are，

认真做题不出差。
（否句be后not加，疑问句，be句首，句尾？不要丢。）
② 保持某种状态：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.
③ 看起来，好像：Appear, look, seem.
④ 感官动词：Feel, smell, sound, taste.
II. 代双宾语的动词
````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。
带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好
1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.”
如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等
2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。
如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购）,reach等。
3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后
如：Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西
Give it to me。把它给我
4、 有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.
I asked John 我问约翰
I asked a question. 我问了一个问题
I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题
5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。
Could you explain your point of view to us?
=Could you explain to us your point of view?
6、 易错的动词
抢劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth (错误）
正确的说法：rob sb of sth   steal sb from sth.
类似的还有：cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病
rid sb of sth 从----中除去（不好的东西）
supply sb with sth 供给某人某物
provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物
accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物
inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事
remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事
warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况
charge sb with sth 指责某人某事

二．疑问句
1.一般疑问句
Is this seat taken?
Yes, it is/ No, it isn’t.
需要用yes或no来回答。
语序一般为：助动词+主语+谓语？
Practice：
Have you been there?_______________________
Didn’t you tell him about it yesterday?_________________
2.特殊疑问句
你什么时候开始学英语？
When……
You began to study English.
» Did you begin to study English?
»»when did you begin to study English?
你在想什么？
What……
Something is in your mind.
»What’s in your mind?
小结：
①用who, what, where, which, when, why, how提问。
②语序：疑问词+一般疑问句 或 疑问词+谓语动词。
More Practice：
What time is convenient for you?你什么时候方便？
What’s going on here?发生了什么事？/回事？
3. 选择疑问句：
Do you like tea or（do you like）coffee？
Did you speak to them, or did the manager?
Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?
1. 提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。
2. 不用Yes或no来回答。
3. 反意疑问句
1. 附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。
2. 一般来说有两种形式：陈述肯定，则所附问句否定；陈述句否定，则所附问句肯定。
The Embarrassed Magician.
Magician ( to youngster he has called up on the stage):
Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you?
Boy: No Daddy.
You have completed that job, haven’t you?
You have not completed that job, have you?
三．祈使句：
1. 用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句子。
2. 主语You 常省略，只以动词原形开头。
3. 一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。
Stop bugging me.
Don’t judge a book by its cover.
Don’t get me wrong.
Let’s just have a rest.
Let’s hope for the best.
Let bygones be bygones
Make hay while sun shines.
四．感叹句：
1. 主要由what和how来引导。
2. What 结构主要有三种
A． What a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分！
What a lovely boy he is!
B. What + 形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分！
What foolish mistakes you have made.
What nice weather (it is)!
C. What + a(n) +可数名词单数！
3. How 结构主要有三种：
A. How+形容词/副词+主谓部分
How lovely the boy is!
How fast the time flies!
B. How +形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主谓部分
How lovely a boy he is!

C. How+主谓部分（实义动词做谓语）
How I hate exam! 我真烦考试！
How he snores! 他鼾声如雷！

(二) practice
1.分析下文划线句子的成分
Two men were standing at a bar. One man turned to the other and said, “I’ll bet you $ 100 that I can bite my left eye.” The wager（赌注）was accepted, and the man popped out his glass eye and bit it.
“Now,” he said, ”I will give you a chance to win your money back. I’ll bet you another $100 that I can bite my right eye.” “he can’t have two glass eyes,” Thought the other man, and he plunked(重重甩下)down his money.
Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye.
2分析下列句子成分，并判断句子结构类型。
Time flies by.
I’m on a diet.
I own you one.
It slipped my mind.
Old habits die hard.
I enjoy your company.
I can’t stand the heat.
Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.
He speaks English well.
Teachers will make your English better.
They found the dead boy.
They found the boy dead.
I found the book easily.
I found the book easy.
Tom found Jim an apartment.
We found John a loyal friend.’
I will find you a good teacher.
She will make him a good wife.
She will make him a good husband.
3.分析下列句子中的双宾语，并试着用恰当的介词改写句子。
Give a thief enough rope and he will hang himself.
_________________________________________________
Can you recommend me a good novel?
__________________________________________________
He built them a hut.
____________________________________________
He ordered himself a bottled of champagne
__________________________________________
Will you choose me an interesting novel?
_______________________________________________
Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time?
_____________________________________________
Jack doesn’t own me anything.
_____________________________
May I ask you a favor?
____________________________________________
That will save you a lot of time.
___________________________________________________
The novel won the author a Nobel Prize.
__________________________________
It cost me three dollars.
_______________________
4.分析下列句子中宾语补足语。
Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
__________________________________________
The telescopes of the 1600’s magnified objects thirty-three times
their original size.
______________________________________________
The boy sharp remark left the teacher speechless.
___________________________________________
The chairman has declared the meeting over.
____________________________________________
I prefer my steak medium.
_______________________________________
Dick set the caged animals free.
_____________________________________________
The pot calls the kettle black.
_____________________________________________
By: 陈俊霞 13