1、目的 了解新冠肺炎疫情期间人群自评(SRH)健康水平及影响因素。方法 对479名研究对象的人口学特征、疫情相关特征、SRH评分进行网络调查。结果 研究对象的自评健康总分及生理、心理和社会健康维度评分分别为(44.865.54)(14.101.38)(19.903.77)和(10.862.26)分。45岁以下、患慢性病、外出上班、对疫情不了解的调查对象,SRH总分较低;45岁以下、患慢性病、住在湖北、外出上学/上班的调查对象,心理健康评分较低;男性、45岁以下、对疫情关注少的调查对象,社会健康评分较低。结论 在新冠肺炎疫情期间,成人自评健康水平受年龄、居住地疫情严重程度及个体对疫情的关注程度影响
2、,应通过官方媒体进行宣教,从而提高其对疫情的认知,并对心理、社会健康问题进行重点干预。【关键词】新冠肺炎;自评健康;影响因素Adult Self-Rated Health and Its Influencing Factors During COVID-19 Epidemic Zhu Yunqing,Liu Chunyu,Xia Shuangbo,Wu Yiqun.School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China【Abstract】Objective To examine the self-rated health(S
3、RH)level and influencing factors of people during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods An online survey was conducted to investigate the demographic characteristics,epidemic-related characteristics,and SRH scores of 479 subjects.Results The SRH scores of the research subjects and the subscores of physical,
4、psychological and social health were(44.865.54)(14.101.38),(19.903.77),and(10.862.26)respectively.Those under 45 years old,suffering from chronic diseases,going out to school/work,or understanding little of the epidemic reported lower total scores of SRH.Those under 45 years old,suffering from chron
5、ic diseoses,living in Hubei Province during the outbreak,or going out to school/work reported lower total scores of mental health.Those males,under 45 years old,having a low level of understanding of the epidemic,or paying more time on the information of the epidemic reported lower scores of the soc
6、ial health.Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic,the self-rated health of the participants was associated with age,the severity of the epidemic in the place of residence,and the individual s attention to the epidemic.Health education by public media channels should be used to increase their awaren
7、ess of the epidemic and focus on their psychological and social health issues.【Key words】COVID-19;Self-rated Health;Influencing factors朱蕴卿,刘春语,閤爽博,武轶群自评健康(Self-rated Health,SRH),是个体对论著DOI:10.16117/ki.31-1974/r.202105441自身健康状况的主观评价与期望,包括生理、心理、社会健康三个方面。SRH与个体生活质量、健康状况,群体发病率、死亡率,地区医疗保健、医疗状况均有密切相关,并且在各年
8、龄段、种族的人群中广泛适用。美国医学研究所(IOM)建议,以SRH指标来监测人群的健康状况1。存在危害健糖尿病患者突发性耳聋的综合干预效果分析【摘 要】目的目的 观察糖尿病患者突发性耳聋的综合干预治疗效果,预防对糖尿病患者可能造成的听力致残。方法方法 选取 2017 年 5 月2022 年 5 月在门诊诊断的 104 例糖尿病突发性耳聋患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组,各 52 例。对照组按常规药物治疗的方式,观察组在此基础上采用综合干预的方式,观察两组治疗前后血糖指标、炎性因子水平、听力状况及不良反应的情况。结果结果 观察组的临床总体有效率为 86.53%,高于对照组(6
9、9.23%)。治疗后,观察组的血糖指标水平、炎性因子水平和听力损失评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均 P0.05)。两组不良反应的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(2=1.507,P0.05)。结论结论 糖尿病患者突发性耳聋的综合干预中,联合开展针对性的门诊健康教育有利于患者降低糖皮质激素用量、调控血糖水平、抑制炎性因子,有效预防突发性耳聋造成的听力损失。【关键词】糖尿病;突发性耳聋;综合干预;效果分析Analysis of Comprehensive Intervention Effect on Sudden Deafness in Patients with Diabetes He Ji
10、anmin,Lu Leiyun Huangpu Branch of the Ninth Peoples Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College,Shanghai 200011,China【Abstract】ObjectiveObjective To observe the effect of comprehensive intervention on sudden deafness in diabetes patients,and to prevent sudden deafness in diabetes patients.
11、MethodsMethods A total of 104 cases of sudden deafness of diabetes patients diagnosed in the outpatient department from May 2017 to May 2022 were selected as the research object,and were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the Kish method,with 52 cases in each group
12、.The control group was treated with conventional drugs.On this basis,the observation group adopted a comprehensive intervention method to observe the blood glucose indicators,inflammatory factor levels,hearing status and adverse reactions of the two groups before and after treatment.Results Results
13、The overall clinical effective rate of the observation group was 86.53%,which was higher than that of the control group(69.23%).After treatment,the blood glucose levels,inflammatory factor levels,and hearing loss scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the diff
14、erences were statistically significant(all P0.05).ConclusionConclusion The comprehensive intervention of sudden deafness in diabetes patients,combined with targeted outpatient health education,can help patients reduce the use of glucocorticoid,regulate blood glucose concentration,inhibit inflammator
15、y factors,and effectively prevent hearing loss caused by sudden deafness.【Key Words】Diabetes;Sudden deafness;Comprehensive intervention;Effect analysis何建珉,陆雷芸【基金项目】上海市黄浦区科技攻关项目(HLM202209)。【作者单位】上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院黄浦分院,上海,200011。【作者简介】何建珉(1973-),男,上海人,副主任医师。研究方向为耳鼻咽喉科,。【收稿日期】2023-03-23。论著论著突发性耳聋(SD)又称为
16、“突聋”“暴聋”,是指在 72 h 内突然发生的原因不明的感觉神经性听力损失,同时或先后伴有耳鸣及眩晕1。糖尿病患者因为高血糖、高血凝、高血脂及血管病变等原因导致突发性耳聋,糖尿病是导致成年人突发性耳聋的独立危险因素2-5。本研究于 2017 年 5 月2022 年 5 月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院黄浦分院对糖尿病患者突发性耳聋,采用药物治疗与门诊健康教育综合方法进行干预,以观察糖尿病患者突发性耳聋的治疗效果,为预防糖尿病患者可能造成的听力致残提供科学依据。1 1 对象与方法 对象与方法1.1 研究对象 本研究以 2017 年 5 月2022 年 5 月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人
17、民医院黄浦分院接受治疗的 104 例糖尿病突发性耳聋患者为研究对象。DOI:10.16117/ki.31-1974/r.202303263Vol.18,No.3,Jun.20,2023Health Education and Health Promotion-264-纳入标准:符合 突发性聋的诊断和治疗指南(2015)中对突发性耳聋的诊断标准;均符合 中国 2 型糖尿病防治指南6;首次发病。排除标准:合并严重肝肾肺疾病;造血系统异常患者;合并听神经瘤等其他严重耳疾病;合并严重心脑血管疾病。本研究所有患者均自愿参与,签知情同意书,并经本院伦理委员会审核批准。1.2 研究方法本研究的常规治疗组(对
18、照组)采用临床常规治疗方案,口服甲泼尼龙片 4048 mg/次,根据患者的血糖及听力学检查情况酌情减量。观察组患者进行药物加门诊健康教育的综合干预。根据身体状况缩减口服甲泼尼龙片 1624 mg/次,并加用复方甘草酸苷片9,同时在药物的基础上,由接诊医师进行门诊健康教育,内容包括血糖控制、药物使用、锻炼、糖尿病与突发性耳聋的相关健康知识及日常健康行为指导等。1.3 观察指标本研究的观察指标有血糖、炎性因子水平和听力水平。血糖指标包括平均血糖水平(MBG)、最大血糖波动幅度(LAGE)和血糖水平标准差(SDBG)。炎性因子指标包括中性粒细胞(NEUT)、血小板(PLT)、淋巴细胞(LYM),并计
19、算 NEUT LYM 的比值(NLR)、单核细胞 LYM 的比值(MLR)以及PLT LYM 比值(PLR)比值。听力水平的观察内容,依据成年人听力筛查量表7,进行听力损失评分,分数越高表示听力损失程度越高。根据耳鸣致残量表8对评估患者耳鸣的严重性,分数越高耳鸣程度越严重。1.4 统计学处理采用 SPSS 22.0 对本研究数据进行分析,对于符合正态分布的数据,计量资料采用(xs)描述,计数资料采用构成比描述。P0.05),资料具有可比性。2.2 两组患者的疗效比较结果显示,观察组的临床总体有效率为 86.53%,高于对照组(69.23%),差异有统计学意义(2=4.522,P0.05)。见表
20、 1。表1 两组患者临床疗效比较/n(%)组别n治愈显效有效无效总体有效观察组5219(36.54)12(23.08)14(7.14)7(13.46)45(86.53)对照组5215(28.85)11(32.09)10(19.23)16(30.77)36(69.23)2.3 治疗前后两组患者的血糖指标比较治疗前后,两组患者的 MBG、SDBG 以及 LAGE比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组的MBG、SDBG 以及 LAGE 水平低于对照组(均 P0.001),见表 2。表2 治疗前后两组患者的血糖指标比较/(xs)组别nMBG(mmol/L)SDBG(mmol/L)LAGE(mm
21、ol/L)治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后观察组5214.235.1310.113.07*3.831.231.941.16*6.431.233.821.16*对照组5213.874.9611.573.43*3.871.342.691.15*6.661.344.651.11*t0.3642.2870.1593.3110.9123.728P0.7170.0240.8740.0010.3640.001 注:与治疗前比较,*P0.05。2023 年 6 月 第 18 卷 第 3 期-265-新冠肺炎疫情期间成人自评健康状况及影响因素分析【作者单位】北京大学医学部公共卫生学院,北京,100191。【
22、作者简介】朱蕴卿(1998),女,硕士研究生在读,研究方向为公共卫生与预防医学,zhuyun_。【通信作者】武轶群,。【收稿日期】2021-04-25。【摘 要】目的 了解新冠肺炎疫情期间人群自评(SRH)健康水平及影响因素。方法 对479名研究对象的人口学特征、疫情相关特征、SRH评分进行网络调查。结果 研究对象的自评健康总分及生理、心理和社会健康维度评分分别为(44.865.54)(14.101.38)(19.903.77)和(10.862.26)分。45岁以下、患慢性病、外出上班、对疫情不了解的调查对象,SRH总分较低;45岁以下、患慢性病、住在湖北、外出上学/上班的调查对象,心理健康评
23、分较低;男性、45岁以下、对疫情关注少的调查对象,社会健康评分较低。结论 在新冠肺炎疫情期间,成人自评健康水平受年龄、居住地疫情严重程度及个体对疫情的关注程度影响,应通过官方媒体进行宣教,从而提高其对疫情的认知,并对心理、社会健康问题进行重点干预。【关键词】新冠肺炎;自评健康;影响因素Adult Self-Rated Health and Its Influencing Factors During COVID-19 Epidemic Zhu Yunqing,Liu Chunyu,Xia Shuangbo,Wu Yiqun.School of Public Health,Peking Univ
24、ersity,Beijing 100191,China【Abstract】Objective To examine the self-rated health(SRH)level and influencing factors of people during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods An online survey was conducted to investigate the demographic characteristics,epidemic-related characteristics,and SRH scores of 479 subjec
25、ts.Results The SRH scores of the research subjects and the subscores of physical,psychological and social health were(44.865.54)(14.101.38),(19.903.77),and(10.862.26)respectively.Those under 45 years old,suffering from chronic diseases,going out to school/work,or understanding little of the epidemic
26、 reported lower total scores of SRH.Those under 45 years old,suffering from chronic diseoses,living in Hubei Province during the outbreak,or going out to school/work reported lower total scores of mental health.Those males,under 45 years old,having a low level of understanding of the epidemic,or pay
27、ing more time on the information of the epidemic reported lower scores of the social health.Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic,the self-rated health of the participants was associated with age,the severity of the epidemic in the place of residence,and the individual s attention to the epidemic.
28、Health education by public media channels should be used to increase their awareness of the epidemic and focus on their psychological and social health issues.【Key words】COVID-19;Self-rated Health;Influencing factors朱蕴卿,刘春语,閤爽博,武轶群自评健康(Self-rated Health,SRH),是个体对论著DOI:10.16117/ki.31-1974/r.202105441
29、自身健康状况的主观评价与期望,包括生理、心理、社会健康三个方面。SRH与个体生活质量、健康状况,群体发病率、死亡率,地区医疗保健、医疗状况均有密切相关,并且在各年龄段、种族的人群中广泛适用。美国医学研究所(IOM)建议,以SRH指标来监测人群的健康状况1。存在危害健2.4 治疗前后两组患者的炎性因子指标比较治疗前后比较,两组患者的 NLR、PLR、MLR水平差异有统计学意义(均 P0.05),且观察组的NLR、PLR、MLR 水平低于对照组(均 P0.001)。见表 3。2.5 治疗前后两组患者的听力水平比较治疗前后比较,两组患者的纯音听阈评分、听力损失评分及耳鸣评分,差异有统计学意义(均P0
30、.05);观察组的纯音听阈评分、听力损失评分及耳鸣评分均低于对照组(均 P0.05)。见表 4。表3 治疗前后两组的炎性因子指标比较/(xs)组别nNLRMLRPLR治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后观察组527.123.211.170.64*0.430.210.210.17*186.7361.26137.3698.44*对照组527.373.265.673.21*0.410.180.380.11*184.8483.25179.2293.33*t0.3949.9140.5216.0540.1322.225P0.6940.0010.6030.0010.8950.028 注:与治疗前比较,*P0
31、.05。表4 治疗前后两组的听力水平比较/(xs)组别n纯音听阈评分听力损失评分耳鸣评分治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后观察组5256.3118.4130.2318.34*2.490.311.180.43*25.123.1614.212.11*对照组5257.2317.5638.2118.51*2.570.221.730.25*25.653.1417.282.45*t0.2612.2081.5187.9740.8586.847P0.7950.0300.1320.0010.3930.001 注:与治疗前比较,*P0.05。2.6 两组糖皮质激素用量及不良反应比较 观察组患者出现不良反应情况中
32、,皮疹 1 例、瘙痒 1 例、低钾 3 例、感染 1 例;对照组患者出现的不良反应情况中,皮疹 3 例、瘙痒 2 例、低钾 0例、感染 3 例。经比较,两组皮质激素用量差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。见表 5。表5 两组糖皮质激素用量及不良反应情况组别n皮质激素用量/(mg)用药天数/(d)总不良反应率/(%)观察组5240.212.4557.690对照组5220.832.121415.3802/t43.1351.507P0.0010.2203 3 讨论 讨论血糖波动对血管的损伤更甚于长期高血糖对血管的损伤。研究结果显示,观察组的治愈率高于对照组,而血糖 MBG、SDBG、LAGE 水平低于对
33、照组,表明观察组的患者血糖波动较小;观察组的血常规指标数值低于对照组,提示综合治疗更有利于抑制炎症,促进患者耳内微循环。除药物治疗外,门诊健康教育对于糖尿病突发性耳聋干预也起到了一定的作用。对患者进行针对性的康复指导和心理抚慰,帮助患者正确认知糖尿病与突发性耳聋的疾病防治知识,提高患者治疗的依从性,建立健康生活行为,改善各项代谢指标,这些综合干预方式可促进患者康复。由于受样本量限制本研究没有作分层分析,有待于今后进一步开展相关研究分析。参考文献参考文献1 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会,中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会.突发性聋诊断和治疗指南(2015)J.中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,201
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