上海牛津英语7A Unit4、5知识点及语法重点.doc

教学内容：7A Unit4、5知识点及语法重点（现在完成时）
教学重点：三种时态的训练和巩固
教学难点：现在完成时—瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换
教学过程:1、课文知识点讲解 2、时态练习 3、练习巩固 4、 家庭作业
1. 用there be句型表示客观存在（就近原则）
2. 现在完成时
（一）含义
现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。
e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。)
Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)
（二）结构
助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have 。
（三）句型
1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。
I have studied English for 5 years .
2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。
We haven’t been there .
3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？
Has he eaten that apple ?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？
（四）用法
1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。
e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：
e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用
e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。
e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain this year.
The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。
e.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)
6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。
e.g. We have had four texts this semester.
现在完成时中的时间状语：
★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如：
We have already cleaned the classroom.
Have you finished it already？
★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。例如：
—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？
—No, not yet. 是, 还没有。
★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：
Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？
Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。
★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如：
I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。
★just意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。
e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。
★ just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。
★for 和since的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。
注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。
e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has
been in的区别。
have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了
have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用
e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。
Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?
区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.
表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.短暂性的动词如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成时态中不能与for,since短语或How long等引起的时间状语连用。
瞬间动词不能直接与for，since 连用，要改变动词为延续性动词。
瞬间动词转换为延续性动词：
buy ---- have borrow ---- keep
• arrive/ come---- be in /at leave ----away from)
• join----be a member of/be in
• die--- be dead get up ---- be up
• get married---- be married go there ---- be there
• begin/start---- be on stop---- be over
• open ---- be open
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ：
一般过去式：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。

现在完成时：为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作与现在的联系，对现在的影响。
一般过去时强调过去发生的动作或状态，与现在没有联系。

现在

现在

一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：
I have visited the factory.
I visited the factory last year.
二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：
－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have.
－When did you have it? －At seven thirty.
注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：
How many words have you learned by heart?
How did you learn them by heart?
三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：
He has been a league member for two months.
He joined the Youth League two months ago.

现在完成时练习题
　　一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad .
Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
　　Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
　　2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
　　Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
　　3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
　　Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
　　4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .
　　　-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
　　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
　　Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
　　Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
　　7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. Knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
　　Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
　　9、-These farmers have been to the United States .
　　 -Really ? When _____ there ?
　　Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
　　Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
　　10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?
　　　　-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
　　Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
　　Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
　　　　二、句型转换
　　3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）
　　4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
　　 This factory ________ for twenty years.
　　5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
　　Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
　　6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
　　Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
　　7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
　　 _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce.
　　8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
　　 ___________________________________________
　　二、句型转换。
　　1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead
　　4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago
　　7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
7A Unit 5 Choosing a new flat
一．语言点：
1、 think about sth./ doing sth. 考虑某事
2、 What’s the matter (with sb./sth.)?
=What’s wrong (with sb./sth.)? （某人/某物）出什么问题了？
3、 tidy up 使整齐
4、 need sth. / don’t need sth.
need to do/ don't need to do 需要某物 / 不需要某物
5、 much bigger (修饰比较级用much, far, even, a little, a bit) 大了许多
6、 enough space (space 不可数名词) 足够的空间
7、 look for/ find 寻找
8、 What kind of flat...? 哪一种公寓……？
9、 an underground station 地铁站
10、on a removal day 在搬家的那天
11、next to=beside 在……旁边
12、opposite the sofa 在沙发的对面
13、between A and B 在A和B之间
14、in front of 在……前面
15、move to 搬去某地
16、a flat with a balcony 有阳台的公寓
17、on the rug 在地毯上

二．词性转换：
1、 choose v. choice n. chose vp. choosen vpp.
2、 tidy v. / a. untidy a.
3、 balcony n. balconies pl.
4、 agency n. agent n. 代理人
5、 helper n. help v. helpful a. helpless a.
6、 shelf n. shelves pl.
7、 removal n. remove v. move v.
8、 difference n. different a.
9、 busy a. business n. businessman n.
语法：►1 方位介词和介词词组的用法►2 祈使句
3 掌握用too加上形容词表示“太。。。”的用法
4 掌握need后面直接加名词表示“需要”的用法
5 学会用某些副词修饰形容词的比较级
6 了解形容词最高级的用法

Unit Five Choosing a new flat (Exercise)
Page 35
1. Ben’s bedroom is _______ (tidy). Mrs. Li asks him to tidy it up once a day.
2. Our flat is too small. I am looking for a _______ (big) one.
3. His uncle is a _______ (remove) man. He always moves people’s furniture to their new flats.
4. In our study, there are two _______ (shelf) and a wardrobe.
5. We’ll ________ a bigger flat. We’ll go to the estate agency tomorrow. (look out/look up/look at/look for)
6. Please tidy your things ________ Ben. (away/up/on/in)
7. Your bedroom is very untidy. Please put your things _______. (tidily/tidy/untidy/untidily)
8. My brother is _________________ than me now. (more bigger/more big/much bigger)
9. My bedroom is _________________ in my house. (smallest/smaller/the smallest)
10. Our flat has two ________ rooms. (live)
11. Ben’s bedroom has _________ space for all this things. (many/enough/a few)
12. Our flat has got two bedrooms. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ your flat _____ two bedrooms?
13. Our flat has one living room and one kitchen.（改否定句）
Our flat _______ _______ one living room or one kitchen.
14. Let’s talk to Dad when he comes home. （反意疑问句）
Let’s talk to Dad when he comes home, _________ ________?

Page 36
1. How many ________ are there in your flat, Lucy? (balcony)
2. I like a flat _______ two bedrooms and a balcony. (have/has/with/of)
3. I’ll go to the estate ________ (agency) tomorrow.
4. I’d like to live near the underground station. （划线提问）
_______ _______ you like to live?
5. We’ll look for a new flat. （划线提问）
_______ ________ we look for?
6. Can I help you? （保持原句意思）
_______ can I do _______you?
7. The cinema is near my home. （保持原意）
The cinema is not ___ _______my home.
8. I’d like a flat with three bedrooms, on balcony and two bathrooms. （划线提问）
________ ________ _______ flat would you like?

Page 37-39
1. They will be busy _______ (in/on/at) the removal day.
2. The removal man and his ________ (help) are __________ (put) the thing in the new flat.
3. Alice is my best friend. She is very __________. (help)
4. My bedroom is ______ the second floor. (in/on/at/beside)
5. The price of the shirt is _______ 200 and 250 yuan. (at/between/in/among)
6. He is standing _______ Mr. Green. (opposite to/to next/beside to/next to)
7. The school is just _____________ my block. (near to/opposite/between)
8. There is a big supermarket ____________ my neighbourhood. (after/ in front of/before)
9. What are the differences __________ (with/between/in) the two flats?
10. She goes to school ______________. (by the underground/by an underground/by underground)
11. There are two ________ (fun) pictures ________ the wall. (in/on/at)
12. He put the table near the kitchen. (划线提问)
13. ______ ______ he put the table?
14. The new flat is big and clean. (划线提问)
15. ______ ______ the new flat?