高中主要句法导学案3---状语从句.doc

状语从句导学案
学习目标
1. 掌握状语从句的类型及其相应的连接词。
2. 懂得状语从句和其它从句的区别。
3. 学会分析从句中应采用的连接词。
学习过程
九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词
时间状语从句: when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until, not…until, the first/second…/last time, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than
地点状语从句:where, wherever
原因状语从句:because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that
条件状语从句: if, unless, now (that), as(so) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, provided/providing
让步状语从句:although, though, even though/if, as, while, no matter which/what/when/where/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whether…or；
结果状语从句: so that, so…that, such…that
目的状语从句:so that, in case, for fear that, lest
方式状语从句:how, as, as if/as though
比较状语从句:than, as…as, not so/as…as, the +比较级…, the +比较级…
状语从句有九种， 时地原因条状补，目比结果方让步，连词引导各不同；主句通常前面走， 连词引导紧随后，从句若在主前头， 主从之间有个逗。
状语从句的分类
1 While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. ( )
2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )
3. Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. （ ）
4. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( )
5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )
6. As long as you don’t lose heart, you’ll succeed. ( )
7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( )
8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son
考点难点
1、各种从属连词的含义及用法 比较；
2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引 导的从句的区别；
3、状语从句的时态问题；
4、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题；
5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。
Ⅰ.间状语从句
问题1:
1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it.
A. where B. when C. that D. until
4. (05福建) －Did Jack come back early last night?
－Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.
A. Before B. when C. that D. until
5. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
连接词when的用法小结
1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是___________，也可以是表____________，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：
When the film ended, the people went back.
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
2. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
__________________________________________________ (刚要……这时突然……)
3. 还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于____________________________。如：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi _______you could easily walk there in five minutes .
问题2:
6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while
7. (04年江苏) ______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
连接词while的用法小结
1. while引导的动作必须是__________________，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：
Please don’t talk so loud ___________others are working.
2. while作为并列连词，意为“______________________。
3. while可表示____________，相当于___________________。
连接词when, while, as的用法区别：
1．while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：
__________________he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.
_________________I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2．从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用_____引导这个从句，不可用________________。
如：_________________you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3．表示“随着……”，连词用_____________，不用_______________________。如：
__________the election approached, the violence got worse.
4．如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行 时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while 与as 可互换使用。如：
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
问题3:
1. (01北京春)－Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
－Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
2. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time
3. ______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.
A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had
小结：
1．一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than等也可引导一个时 间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。
I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.
2．一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。
The day he returned home, his father was already dead.
Next time you come, please bring your composition.
3._______________________________，句子必 须用部分倒装结构。
________________________got home when it began to rain.我一回家就开始下雨了。
问题4:
1. (03北京春) －Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
－Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became one of the top students in his grade.
A. after B. unless C. until D. when
2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners’ curiosity ______ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until
3. It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
小结：
till, until和not…until：
1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词 是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所 表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：
We waited until he came.
2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：
He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.
3．________不可以置于句首，而_______可以。如：______ you told me I had no idea of it.
4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法：
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. (把起改成倒装句)
问题5:
1. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A. since B. after C. before D. when
3.－Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?－He rushed out of the room____I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
4. (05北京春) It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. because
连接词before的小结：
一、含义 (翻译下列句子)
1．在我们看到陆地之前已航行四天四夜。________________________________________________
2．在他觉得累之前我们还没跑完一英里。________________________________________________
3．请在你忘记之前把它记下。___________________________________________
二．before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：
Before they reached the station, the train had gone.
三．1）句型It will be/was＋段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……”
要过两年之后他才离开家乡。 _____________________________________________________
2）句型It will be/was not＋一段时间＋before…“不多久就……”
她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。
_____________________
3）句型It is＋段时间＋since…时间的计算一律从since从句的 动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：
他参军已有三年了.
1_____________________________________________________________
2_____________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.条件状语从句
问题1：
1、The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
A．as long as B．while　　C．if D．even though
2、 It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
问题2：
1、_____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if
2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ________ I have to wait.
A．in case B．so that C．in order D．as if
Ⅲ.让步状语从句
问题1：
1、 _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own.
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
问题2：
1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, ___ difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although
2、The old tower must be saved, ______the cost.
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．wherever
no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：
no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。
如: __he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如：
______I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt. __________can help us will be welcome.
4. 状语从句的时态问题　
问题1：　
1、It is almost five years _______ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
5、状语从句的倒装问题　
问题1：　
1、So difficult _____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
2、Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：① 否定词开头；② so 加 adj. 开头；③ as / though引导的让步状语从句。
特别注意： Hardly … when … No sooner … than … as
他一到车站火车就开了 (用两种方式翻译)
__________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________(他虽然是小孩), he can speak seven foreign languages.
6、状语从句与并列句的区别　
问题1：　
1、Though he is in his sixties, ______ he works as hard as a young man
A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet
2、 Excuse me for breaking in, _________ I have some news for you.
A. so　　 B. and　　 C. but　　 D. yet
细心的分析句子结构和成分。
对比训练 1
____ he heard this, he got very angry.
2. I met Lucy____ I was walking along the river.
3. ____ a child, he lived in the countryside.
A. when B. while C. as
对比训练 2
We were about to leave____ it began to rain.
2. She thought I was talking about her son, ____, in fact, I was talking about my son.
3. Hardly had I finished my composition ____ the bell rang.
A. when B. while C. as D. during
对比训练 3
1. Child ____ she is, she know a lot.
2. He did the experiment ____ he was told.
3. The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not ____ good.
A. during B. as C. so D. though E. both B and C
对比训练 4
1.He would have a look at the bookstores ____ he went to town.
2. We decide to finish the work on time, ____ happens.
3. If we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is.
4. I’ll give the book to ____ likes English.
A. whenever B. whoever C. whatever D. however
对比训练 5
1. It will be years ____ we meet again.
2. It is ten years ____ I came to this town.
3. It is ten years ago ____ I came to this town.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
对比训练 6
1.____ it rains, the game will be played on time.
2. ____ I was twenty, I had never been away from my hometown.
3. ____ he were there, he couldn’t help us.
A. Even if B. Until C. Till D. Unless
对比训练 7
1. Go and get your coat. It is ____ you left it.
2. You are free to go ____ you like.
A. there B. where C. wherever D. when
对比训练 8
1.If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter ____ great it is.
2. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is.
3. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ difficulty it is.
4. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter ____ difficulty it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
历届高考试题中的状语从句
1. — How long has this bookshop been in business?____________ 1982.
A. After B. In C. From D. Since
2. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _______ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if
3. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ____________ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
4. After the war, a new school building was put up _________ there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
5. — I am going to the post office.— ____you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
6. You should make it a rule to leave things _____________ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
7. ____________ you’ve got the chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
8. We’ll have to finish the job, _____________.
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
9. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ____________ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
10. The WTO cannot live up to its name _____________ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though
11. The men will have to wait all day ____________ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C whether D. that
12. — Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
— Yes, I gave it to her ____________ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
13. Americans eat ____________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
14. — How far apart do they live?
—___________ I know, they live in the same neighbourhood.
A. As long as B. As well as C. As far as D. As often as
15. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ____________ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
16. Generally speaking, _____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
17. — Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
—Good, and __________ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.
A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter
18. — Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
— Yes. He has never praised him ____ he became one of the top students in his grade.
A. after B. unless C. until D. when
19. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ___________ it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
20. _____________ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though B. Unless C. While D. As long as
21. Scientists say it may be five or six y