ChinaDaily国庆赠刊-经济篇.doc

ChinaDaily国庆赠刊-经济篇
Great changes have taken place in China since 1949 and one of the most amazing was in the economy. During the past 60 years, hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of poverty and the country has grown from a relatively poor country to the 3rd largest economy in the world. We would like to share with you the brilliant achievements in China's economy in the past 60 years.
1949年以来，中国大地上发生着翻天覆地的变化，其中最令世人瞩目的当属经济领域的发展。过去60年，数以亿计中国人脱离了贫困，而中国也从一个一穷二白的国家发展为当今世界第3大经济体。本期，让我们共同回顾共和国60年来经济领域所取得的辉煌成就。

【新生:试看穷则思变】
For several years after 1949, an urgent issue the Chinese people needed to address was hunger. When the People's Republic of China was founded, the country's total grain output stood at 113m tons and many people were suffering hunger with per capita grains of only 209 kg. Starting from scratch, China independently established a nearly comprehensive industrial system by the late 1960s. But the economic development was later stopped by the 10-year "cultural revolution".
对于新中国而言，在相当长一段时间内，解决吃饭问题是中国人的头等大事。1949年，全国粮食总产量为1.13亿吨，人均占有量仅为209公斤，许多人处于挨饿状态。到60年代末，新中国还是在一穷二白的基础上，建立了一个比较完整的工业体系，但随后，10年文革使刚刚起步的中国经济再次处于停滞状态。

>China made its first step toward the socialist system, as rural laborers in most regions of the country were granted land of their own with the abolishment of feudal land ownership by late 1952.(See photo)
截至1952年底，我国大部分地区废除了地主阶级封建剥削制，实现了农民"耕者有其田"，迈出了实现社会主义制度的第一步。(见图)

>China had established basic industries necessary for full industrialization by 1956 when notable achievements were made during the First Five-Year Plan period (1953-57), one year ahead of schedule. The average annual increase in national income stood at 8.9% in those 4 years.
1953-1956年，我国提前一年完成了第一个5年计划，为社会主义工业化奠定了初步基础。在这4年中，我国国民收入平均每年增长8.9%。

>The "cultural revolution" broke out in 1966, plunging the fledging economy into a standstill.
1966年，文化大革命爆发，刚刚起步的中国经济再次处于停滞状态。

【探索:摸着石头过河】
On December 18, 1978, Beijing convened the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, at which the reform and opening-up policy was made. In more than a decade since, China began exploring the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics in light of Deng Xiaoping's notable words "to cross the river by feeling the stones under the feet", which means "to make an experiment with prudence without prior experience." Official statistics show that per capita disposable income of rural and urban residents increased from RMB133.6 and RMB343.4 in 1978 to RMB784 and RMB1826.1 in 1992.
1978年12月18日，党的11届3中全会在北京举行，做出我国实行改革开放的决策。此后，在未来10多年的发展过程中，党和国家领导人本着邓小平同志"摸着石头过河"的务实原则，不断创新、探索，开辟了一条建设有中国特色的社会主义道路。官方数据显示，1978-1992年，我国农村居民人均可支配收入由133.6元上升为784元城镇居民收入由343.4元升至1826.1元。

>In 1979, the CPC approved special zones (the term was changed into "Special Economic Zones" or "SEZs" in 1980) in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen. In 1984, China opened 14 other coastal cities to overseas investment. Embracing more flexible market policies, these regions have attracted foreign investment, encouraged export and created more jobs for surplus workers.
1979年，国务院批准深圳、珠海、汕头、厦门试办特区(1980年更名为经济特区)，1984年又新增了14个沿海开放城市。这些区域因享有更为宽松的市场环境，在吸引外资、鼓励出口和解决剩余劳动力方面都起到了积极作用。

>In 1982, the countryside achieved success in economic reforms as the rural household contract responsibility system was formally established nationwide. The move greatly increased productivity, with an improvement from 1978-1988 surpassing the total of the previous 29 years from 1949-1978, according to official statistics.
1982年，土地家庭联产承包责任制作为一种制度正式确立，大大促进了生产力的发展，农村改革初尝胜利果实。官方数据显示，1978-1988年10年间农村劳动生产率提高的幅度大于1949-1978年29年提高的幅度。

>On September 26, 1986, China's first 1540 shares for just 2 stocks were sold at a stock-trading center, which was developed in 1990 into the Shanghai Stock Exchange, at No 1806 Nanjing Road (W) for a total amount of RMB85280. Twenty-three years later 1628 companies had been listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen by the end of July 2009, with a combined market value of RMB23.57 trillion. China is now the world's 3rd biggest stock market.
1986年9月26日，中国首批股民在上海南京西路1806号的股票交易柜台(1990年发展为上证交易所)前诞生。当天，仅有两支股票挂牌交易，共售出1540股，总额为8.528万元人民币。23年后，截至今年7月底，沪深股市上市公司数达1628家，总市值23.57万亿元，全球排名第3位。

【崛起:做捉老鼠的猫】
In 1992, a socialist market economic system was initiated at the 14th National Congress of the CPC after late leader Deng Xiaoping toured southern China's special economic zones and delivered speeches showing his support for the country's market economy policy. China thus made another great leap on its way toward economic reform since 1984 when a planned commodity economy was initiated.
1992年，邓小平南巡发表重要讲话。同年，党的14大明确了中国要建立社会主义市场经济体制。这标志着1984年我国提出有计划的商品经济以来，经济体制改革的又一次飞跃。

>In 1995, China announced it would cancel the grain coupon, or liangpiao. Grain coupons, together with other commodity ration coupons, were used around the country from the 1950s to the mid-1980s as a sign of a planned economy. The average ration was 15 kg for males and 13 kg for females each month.
1995年，我国宣布废除粮票，标志着票证时代的结束。上世纪50年代-80年代中期，粮票等票证作为计划经济的重要标志在我国广泛使用。当年的标准是成年男性每人每月30斤粮票，女性每人每月26斤。

>China's GDP kept a double-digit growth for 5 successive years from 1992, which also sparked concerns of economic overheating. In 1993, the government carried out macro control policies, including a moderately tight fiscal policy, investment controls and closer supervision on prices. In 1996, the country's GDP growth fell back to 9.6%.
从1992年起，中国国民生产总值连续5年保持两位数的高速增长，这也引发了对于经济过热的担忧。1993年，中央颁布了宏观调控的措施，包括实行适度从紧的财政政策，控制投资规模，加强价格监督等。1996年GDP增速回落至9.6%。

【腾飞:中国制造时代】
On November 10, 2001, China officially entered the World Trade Organization (WTO) at the 4th Ministerial Conference of the WTO in Doha, Qatar, following 15 years of negotiations(see photo). After that, the country really started to merge into the global economy as a major "world factory". Now China, which has become the world's 3rd largest trading country, is trying to move away from the tag "Made in China" to "Designed in China".
经过15年艰苦谈判，2001年11月10日，在卡塔尔多哈举行的世界贸易组织(WTO)第4届部长级会议上，中国正式加入世贸组织(见图)。从这时起，我国进一步融入世界经济，扮演着"世界工厂"的角色。今天，已经成为世界第3大贸易国的中国正努力完成由"中国制造"到"中国设计"的蜕变。

>Besides multilateral trade relations within the WTO framework, China is also keen to seek closer bilateral trade ties with many trade partners. China has inked free trade agreements with countries and regions such as Chile, Pakistan and ASEAN, and is involved in talks with others.
除在世贸组织框架下，发展多边贸易关系之外，中国也积极寻求同贸易伙伴建立更密切的双边贸易关系。目前，中国已同智利、巴基斯坦、东盟等国家或地区签署自由贸易协议，同时也在进行其他自由贸易谈判。

>China overtook Germany to become the world's 3rd largest economy behind the US and Japan in 2007, with its GDP estimated to be RMB24.66 trillion. The figure is 67.7 times that of 1978, with an average annual growth of nearly 10%, much higher than the same period of the world's average growth rate of around 3%.
我国2007国民生产总值达到24.66万亿元，中国取代德国成为仅次于美国和日本的世界第3大经济体。2007年的国民生产总值是1978年的67.7倍，年均增长约10%，也远高于世界平均水平3%。

>The country was not spared from the global financial turmoil, which hit the world economy in 2008, but the central government put in place a RMB4 trillion stimulus package and other stimulus policies to help businesses survive the crisis. Experts said China's economy had bottomed out from the worst time and the country is expected to be the first to rise from the global recession.
2008年，全球爆发了严重的金融危机，全球经济受到影响，中国也未能幸免。然而中国政府迅速制定了4万亿的经济刺激计划并出台其他政策帮助企业度过危机。专家称目前中国经济已经触底反弹，并将率先实现复苏。