第4讲形容词和副词.doc

第4讲 形容词和副词（要点透析）

一、注意形容词和副词的基本用法
形容词在句中一般作定语(修饰名词)、表语、补语。
a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园
The play Tea－house is both moving and interesting.
Who left the window open?
而副词在句中主要作状语，用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和句子。
completely right 完全正确
very carefully 非常仔细
He went to bed late last night.
他昨晚很晚才睡觉。
Luckily，I was not knocked down.
幸运的是，我没有被撞倒。
【特别注意】系动词后的表语应该用形容词。
The boy looks sad.
男孩子看起来很伤心。
The boy looks sadly at me.
男孩子悲伤地看着我。
形容词若作状语，表示主语所处的状态。
He finally came back, safe and sound.
他最终回来了，安然无恙。
二、形容词的位置
1．单个形容词作前置定语，但在下列情况作后置定语。
①形容词修饰不定代词时。
There is nothing new in today's newspaper.
②当表语形容词alone，awake，alive，asleep，alike等作定语时。
The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.
人民，只有人民，才是创造历史的动力。
③else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
What else do you know?
你还知道别的什么？
2. 形容词构成短语时作后置定语。
A man carried a bag full of rice on his back.
The enemy took away everything, useful or useless.
3．多个形容词的排序。
原则：关系最密切的形容词， 最靠近被修饰的名词。常见顺序归纳为如下口诀：
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)＋ 描绘性形容词(beautiful, interesting…)＋大小、长短、高低形容词＋形状、年龄、新旧形容词＋颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词＋用途、类别形容词＋ 中心名词。
a big round conference table 一张大的圆会议桌
a small shiny black leather handbag 一只小的闪亮的黑色皮包
a blue German sports car 一辆蓝色德国赛车
her charming small round pink face 她的迷人的红润的小圆脸
三、副词的位置
1. 副词修饰形容词和副词时，应放在被修饰的词之前，但enough，nearby必须置于其后。
This book is quite interesting.
这本书是很有趣的。
The boy is old enough to go to school.
这男孩已够大，可以上学了。
2. 频度副词(always, often, usually, never, seldom, hardly sometimes等)要放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。
Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays.
在星期天孩子们经常和他们的父母去公园。
He is always ready to help others.
他总是乐于助人。
I will never forget that day.
我永远也忘不了那天。
3. 同时出现的不同种类的副词排列顺序一般为：状态或程度＋地点＋方式＋ 频度＋时间；但要突出某一状语时，可以将它提前。
Mr. Brown drove his car quickly outside then.
布朗先生那时在外面开着快车。
You always study very hard here this term.
这学期你总是在这里努力学习。
Yesterday, they worked very hard in the fields.
昨天，他们在地里辛勤地劳作着。
4. 修饰全句的副词多置于句首，作评注性状语。
Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men.
幸运的是，他没有被淹死而是被解放军救了起来。
Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.
对她来说非常幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。
【疑难点击】
1. 注意常用同义与近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别。
①ago与before
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用 ago。
【疑难点击】
②good与well
与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。
③real与true
real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。
2．以“－ly”结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以“－ly”结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：
lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely等。
②表原意(无“－ly”)和引申意(有“－ly”)的副词：
close近， closely 仔细地
late晚， lately最近
deep深，表示空间深度，deeply表示感情上的深度，深深地
wide表示空间宽度，widely广泛地
free免费，freely 无限制地
③有无“－ly”意义大不相同的副词：
dead完全，绝对be dead asleep
deadly非常be deadly tired
pretty相当be pretty certain that…， pretty good
prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed
most 最 mostly主要地；绝大多数
3. 通常用“事物”作主语的形容词。
(im)possible,
(un)necessary,
(im)probable,
(in)convenient
Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.
4. 注意某些分词转化而来的形容词。
表示情感类的过去分词表示心理状态，而现在分词则表示性质，令人……
frightened 感到害怕的
frightening 令人害怕的
The frightening noise made the girl too frightened to move.
这个可怕的声音令女孩感到非常害怕，以致不敢动。
另注意这些分词形容词 remaining，promising，demanding，missing, gone，lost，seated，drunk等。
She was the more promising worker of the two.
5．复合形容词的构成

由两个或两个以上不同词类，其间用连字符连接，构成复合形容词。
①形容词＋名词－ed
middle－aged 中年的
warm－hearted 热心肠的
②名词＋过去分词
man－made 人造的
③名词＋现在分词
English－speaking 讲英语的
④名词＋形容词
life－long 终生的
⑤形容词＋现在分词
good－looking 好看的
⑥副词＋现在分词
hard－working 勤劳的
⑦副词＋过去分词
well－known 著名的
⑧数词＋名词＋形容词
twelve－year－old 12岁的
四、形容词、副词比较级句型
1. 同级比较：as…as…， the same as, such…as…， not as(so)…as…
①as…as 之间一定要用形容词或副词原形。
I am as old as you.
我和你年龄一样大。
Tom works as hard as Mary.
汤姆和玛丽工作一样努力。
②so用以替代第一个as时，只能用于否定句。
John is not as/so clever as Jack.
约翰不像杰克那样聪明。
He doesn't read as/so clearly as she.
他读得不像她那样清楚。
③as＋adj.＋不定冠词＋可数名词单数＋as
as＋adj.＋不可数名词＋as
German is as difficult a language as English.
Bread is as important food as rice.
2. 比较级＋than的句型。
①比较级前可用much，far，a lot，a little，a bit，rather，even，still，a great deal等表示程度，但比较级前不能再用more。
She sings far/much better than the others.
她唱得比别人好得多。
Your book is far/much more interesting than his.
你的书要比他的书有趣得多。
②表示不同程度比较时，句子主语不能包括在比较对象的范围之内。
He studies harder than
any other student
in his class.
anyone else all
the other students
any of the other students

他比班上其他学生学习用功。
(他本身也是学生不能用any students来表示比较对象的范围)
③比较级用于否定句中表示最高级的意思。
There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world.
父母之爱，是世间最伟大的爱。
3．最高级句型(只用于三者或以上的比较)
①最高级可用by far，easily，nearly，by no means, 序数词等修饰，置于最高级之前。
He is the second tallest boy in our class.
②“否定词语＋比较级”，“否定词语＋so…as”结构也可以表示最高级。
Nothing is so easy as this.
＝Nothing is easier than this./This is the easiest thing.
没有比这更简单的了。
It can't be worse.
不可能更糟糕了。
4. 一些固定习惯用语与句型。
①“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”结构，意为“越……，越……”。
②“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”，表示程度逐渐增长。
Our life is getting better and better.
我们的生活越来越好。
③A is to B what C is to D. A 和B 的关系就像C和D的关系。
Air is to man what water is to fish.
空气和人类的关系就像水和鱼的关系。
④more…than…是……而不是……或颠倒词序译作：与其说……不如说……
That little girl is more tired than hungry.
那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了(与其说那小女孩饿了，还不如说她累了。)
⑤no more than ＝ only 只不过(言其少)
no more than five yuan 只不过5元
not more than＝ at most 不多于，至少(指事实)
not more than five yuan 不多于5元
no more…than…和……一样不……
no richer than 和……一样穷不富裕)
not more…than…不比……更……
not more diligent than…不比……更勤奋
no less than ＝ as much as 和……一样多……
no less money than…和……一样多的钱
no fewer than ＝ as many as 和……一样多
no fewer friends than 和……一样多的朋友
⑥can't be too＋adj. ＝ can't be ＋adj. ＋ enough 无论……都不为过
You can never be careful enough.＝ You can never be too carful.
你无论怎么小心都不为过。

第4讲 形容词和副词（考点突破）
(　　) 1.— What do you think of the movie?
— Wonderful. It couldn't be ______. (2010·北京四中高三调研)
A. so good B. the best
C. any better D. worse
(　　) 2. It is definite that new digital mobile phones have less radiation, but that does not ____ mean that they should be used without caution. (2010·河北冀州中学高三仿真)
A. obviously B. necessarily
C. generally D. eventually
【解析】
1. C　根据句意可知答话人对电影持肯定态度，而“否定词语＋比较级”可以表示最高级含义，意为：最好不过了。
2. B　not necessarily 未必，不一定。句意为：新型数字手机确实辐射弱，但不是说就可以放心使用。
(　　) 3. —What do you think of the film 2012?
— Well, it's good. At least it's ______ the one I saw last time with Jean.(2010·重庆高三模拟)
A. as bad as B. not as good as
C. no worse than D. not better than
(　　) 4. You should look ______ into the matter to get more information about it. (2010·浙江杭州西湖高级中学高三月考)
A. farther B. far
C. farthest D. further
【解析】
3. C　 no worse than…和……一样好。句意为：至少它不比我上次和简看的电影差。
4. D　further 表示程度“更进一步地”，而farther表示距离“更远地”。
(　　) 5. — What do you think of the concert?
— I really enjoy it. I didn't expect it ______ wonderful. (2010·重庆高三模拟)
A. most B. more
C. that D. very
(　　) 6. My mom once worked in a very small village school, which is ______ only on foot.(2010·安徽合肥市高三第三次质量检测)
A. acceptable B. adequate
C. accessible D. appropriate
【解析】
5. C　that 作为副词用，相当于so。
6. C　acceptable 可接受的，合意的； accessible 易得到的，易到达的； adequate 胜任的，适当的； appropriate 合适的，恰当的。句意为：我母亲曾经在一所乡村学校工作过，去那儿只能靠步行。
(　　) 7. The ______ student standing at the gate speaks very good Chinese. (2010·河南郑州智林中学高三模拟)
A. tall young American
B. young tall American
C. American tall young
D. American young tall
【解析】
7. A　多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序：限定词＋数词＋描绘词＋大小/长短/形状＋新旧＋颜色＋国籍＋材料＋类别/用途＋被修饰词。
(　　) 8. The weather was great and the people were friendly — ______ a perfect trip. (2010·湖北襄樊四中高三月考)
A. altogether B. somehow
C. otherwise D. anyway
(　　) 9. — How is everything going with you these days?
— Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, ______.(2010·江西新余一中高三一模)
A. though B. instead
C. either D. too
【解析】
8. A　句意为：天气宜人，人们很友好——总之，是一次完美的旅行。
9. A　though 用作副词，意为：可是，但是。一般位于句中或句末。
(　　)10. It is known to us all E－mail is ______ efficient than sending a fax. (2010·北京市重点中学考前预测)
A. much B. many
C. more much D. much more
(　　)11. Can't we just live in today, ______ the worries of tomorrow or the regrets of the past? (2011·四川成都市三校高三联考)
A. free from B. aware of
C. sure of D. tired from
【解析】
10. D　下列修饰语可修饰比较级：rather，much，still，even，far，a lot，a little，a bit，three times，any(否定句或疑问句中)等。
11. A　free from 摆脱……的，无……的； aware of 知道，意识到； sure of 确信，有把握； tired from 因……而疲倦。句意：难道我们不能只生活在今天，而没有明天的担忧或过去的遗憾吗？
(　　)12. Lisa is completely ______ and receives no money from her family. (2011·河南许昌高中高三摸底考试)
A. conscious B. confident
C. independent D. sensitive
(　　)13. Attention, coffee lovers! We have for you, the best coffee machine ______ invented. (2011·安徽亳州一中高三月考)
A. ever B. already
C. even D. nowadays
【解析】
12. C　conscious 意识到的，有知觉的； confident 自信的； independent 独立的； sensitive 敏感的。句意：丽莎完全独立，不要家里一分钱。
13. A　ever 与最高级连用，表示“至今”。句意：我们为你们准备了至今最好的咖啡机。
(　　)14. We shouldn't complain about being poor — many families are much ______ than we are. (2011·浙江杭州高级中学高三月考)
A. better off B. well off
C. worse off D. badly off
(　　)15. The man was lying on the ground ______ dead.(2011·江苏白塔高级中学高三月考)
A. as possible as B. as well as
C. as soon as D. as good as
【解析】
14. C　well off 富裕的，badly off 贫穷的。根据句意：我们不该抱怨贫穷，因为有更多的家庭比我们还穷，故用比较级worse off。
15. D　as good as dead 和死了一样。
(　　)16. We ______ contact each other; she is ______ of an acquaintance than a friend. (2010·江苏盐城八中高三模拟)
A. seldom; more B. often; better
C. often; more D. seldom; better
(　　)17. — I don't want to move to that city. It is heavily polluted.
— Pollution is common. The city here is __2010·江苏南京一中高三模拟)
A. no less clean B. no clean
C. no cleaner D. not less clean
【解析】
16. A　句意：我们很少联系，与其说她是朋友，不如说与她认识。
17. C　下句句意：污染很普遍。这个城市和那个城市一样不干净。 no cleaner (than that one)不比那个城市更干净。
(　　)18. Several hours later, with the help of the police, the students managed to escape from the dangerous place, ______.(2010·江苏扬州市高三模拟)
A. hungry and frightened
B. hungrily and frightening
C. hungry and frightening
D. hungrily and frightened
【解析】
18. A　形容词在句中作状语，说明主语的性质和状态。
(　　)19. — This book by Tony Garrison is of great use for our course.
— But I think his latest one is __ worth reading. (2010·江苏东台市时堰中学高三仿真模拟)
A. better B. more
C. most D. very
(　　)20. People nowadays are always on the go, so they ______ spend their weekends doing housework. (2010·江苏南师附中高三模拟)
A. mostly B. most
C. nearly D. almost
【解析】
19. A　be well worth reading 很值得一读。根据句意这里需要用well的比较级。
20. A　句意：现在人们总是在忙，所以他们大多数在周末做家务。 mostly 副词，大多数地，主要地。
(　　)21. The wings of the plane, which stretched out for 80 feet, were ______ of its body.
A. more than the length twice
B. more than twice the length
C. twice the length more than
D. twice more than the length
(　　)22. Tony is going camping with ______ boys.
A. little two other 　 B. two little other
C. two other little 　 D. little other two
【解析】
21. B　本题考查倍数的表达方法。“两倍多”译作more than twice，故选B项。
22. C　考查形容词作定语的排列顺序。
(　　)23. Wait till you are more ______. It's better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired 　 B. satisfied 　
C. calm 　 D. certain
(　　)24. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an)______ trick.
A. ordinary 　 B. easy 　
C. smart 　 D. simple
(　　)25. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ______ IQ.
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higher D. the highest
【解析】
23. D　从下文It's better to be sure than sorry. 即“确信要比后悔好”可知，故选D项。A、B、C项不符合逻辑。
24. D　意为“我很吃惊你竟然被这么简单的一个诡计愚弄了。”此处，只有用D项才能准确表达这种语气。
25. B　比他更高的一种IQ。