副词性从句.doc

副词性从句(状语从句)
一、 概念
状语从句是表示时间、地点、方式等内容的主谓结构。状语从句在句中作状语。
二、 引导词
时间when, while, whenever, as, before, after, since, till, until, once, as soon as,...
地点where, wherever
原因because, since, as, now that(既然), seeing that...
条件if, unless, as long as, suppose/supposing, in case...
目的so, that, so that in order that, in case(以防，以免)
结果so, so that,(such) ...that
让步though, even if/though, no matter, however
方式as, as if(as though)
比较as, than

三、 状语从句用例
(一) 时间
*when, while, as
试比较：
I was reading a novel when he came in.
While I was reading a novel, he came in.
as意为“在……过程中”，有时与when, while互换，引导时间状语从句，强调伴随。例如：
New things always have to face difficulties as they grow.
*几个特殊的名词如：every time, the first time, the moment, next time也可引导时间状语从句。例如：
1) Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
2) They began to laugh the moment they saw her.
3) I feel unhappy every time /whenever I thought of that.
*till, until
结构1: 延续动词 + till/until
结构2: not + 瞬间动词 + till/until
结构3: 强调句/到装结构
He worked until late at night.
1) He didn’t come back until late at night.
2) It was until late at night that he came./ Not until late at night did he come back.
3) He didn't finish his homework until his father came home.
*before, since
结构1: “…才”,”还未…就…”, 用”…before…”; 例如:
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
It won’t be a year before we meet again.
结构2: “自从…以来已经有…了”用”it is… since …”; 例如:
It is three years since the war broke out.
结构3: “自从不…以来已经有…了”用” it is … since …(点动词或状态动词)”; 例如:
It is three years since I smoked (=since I stopped smoking).
比较:It is three years since I started to smoke.
since只用于完成时;例如:
She has been living here(ever)since she was a child.
* when还有一种意思，“就在这时突然……”。例如：
We played outside till sun set, when it began to rain.
(二) 地点
wherever无论在/到哪里
1) It lay where I put it.
2) Wherever there is a will, there is a way.
(三) 原因
*because, since, as, for四词的区别：
1)It is fine, for the birds are singing.
2) I do it because I want to do it.
3) Since you don't like it, I will put it away.
4) As it was already rather dark, we decided not to go.
*when例如:
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.
(四) 条件
*unless意为“除非”，多用于否定句，但要注意，unless从句不可用否定结构，如不能说：You will succeed unless you do not work hard.
例句:
You will not succeed unless you work hard.
*in case/in case of的用法:
Take your umbrella in case it rains/in case of rain.
(五) 目的
*in order that, so that
例如:
1) Please read it louder so that everybody can hear.
2) In order that we might see the sunrise, we started early in the morning.
(六) 结果
*so...that, such...that引导的句子 that可省略.例如:
He is so tall (that) he has to bend a little to pass through the door.
I wear my glasses so/so that I could see it better.
2) He left in such a hurry (that) he forgot to lock the door.
3) What has happened that you all look so excited?
*注意so nice a boy 和such a nice boy 词序的不同;
注意so many/few/much/little 的搭配;
注意such great progress 的用法.
(七) 让步
*though与although的区别：
例如:
1) He went on with his work though he was very tired.
2) Although she had only one son, she sent him to the army.
3) He did not go out; it was a nice day, though。
*as/though:
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I like it, I'll not buy it。
* man or women, good or bad,...
All the villagers, men or women, went to the police station to see what was happening.
(八) 方式
* 1) I feel as if I have a fever.我感觉有点发烧.
2) He acted as if nothing had happened.
(九) 比较
*注意the...,the...结构的用法.
1) He ran as fast as he could.他尽快地跑。
2) It was better than we expected.(结果)比我们预期的要好。
3) The harder you try, the better you will understand. 你越努力，就明白得越多。
(十)紧缩结构
通常将状语从句的主谓语部分省去,构成紧缩结构.例如:
1. While in Beijing, I paid a visit to my aunt.
2. He often makes mistakes when speaking English.
3. Come tomorrow if possible.
4. If in need, I'll be there with you.
5. Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.

四.高考试题举例
1. ____, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
2. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, ____.
A. the more for life are you equipped
B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for
D. you are equipped the more for life
3. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
4. It is almost five years ____ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
5. It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
6. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ____ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
7. I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since B. while C. when D. as
8. ____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
9. It was foolish of you to take a taxi ____ you could easily walk there in five minutes.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
10. He said he would come; he didn’t, ____.
A. either B. also C. though D. but
11.—Did you buy a dress yesterday?
--No, ____ I liked the color, I did not like its style.
A. Sincerely yours, B. if C. while D. though
12. --Don't answer me with a simple Yes or No. Explain ____ possible.
--Yes, I will try my best.
A. whoever B. whenever C. however D. whatever
13. ____ the term is finished, I am going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
A. Now that B. As if C. Even if D. So that
14. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, ____ they hunt them for food.
A. if B. while C. unless D. as
15. We were just ____ calling you up ____ you came in.
A. on the point of; when B. about; when
C. on the point of; while D. to the point of; as