M5Unit5Firstaid语言知识学案.doc

M5 Unit 5 First aid语言知识学案 2012/10/20
★核心词汇
1．Everybody was informed that his wedding ____________(典礼)would be held in the beautiful park next Sunday.
2．As we all know，a fever is a ____________(症状) of illness.
3．Due to lack of ____________(治疗)，some patients rescued from the ruins died soon.
4. The difficulty is __________(临时的)so we should be optimistic.
5．The burning plastic gave off ____________(有毒的)gas，which is harmful to our health.
6．He was ____________(受伤)seriously，which caused him to be absent from the 2010 World Cup.
7．The biggest problem I have to face is the language _________障碍)when I go abroad.
8．He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and an ____________(救护车)arrived.
9．It was ____________ of the young man to go into the burning building to rescue the little boy.He showed great ____________ in the face of danger，which was why I admired him so much.(bravely)
10．He ____________ the button and the doorbell rang.
1.ceremony　2.symptom　3.treatment　4.temporary　5.poisonous　6.injured　7.barrier　8.ambulance　9.brave；bravery　10. pressed
★ 重点短语
1. give/do/offer sb. first aid 对某人进行急救 2．fall ill (be taken ill) 生病
3．get burned/burnt 烧伤 5．electric shock 触电；电休克
6．squeeze out 榨出；挤出 7．over and over again 反复；多次
8. in place 在适当的位置;适当;得体 9．a number of 若干；许多
10．put one’s hands on 找到 11．make a (some no) difference 有(一些,没有什么)作用;关系;影响
★The functions of your skin are also very complex：it keeps you warm or cool；it prevents your body from losing too
much water；it is where you feel cold，heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.皮肤的功能十分复杂.皮肤还可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。
sense of touch触觉
其他表示各种感觉的词还有:sense of sight视觉； sense of hearing听觉；sense of taste味觉 sense of smell嗅觉；
sense of humor 幽默感 sense of direction 方向感 sense of urgency紧迫感
【要点指南】 在it is where...句式中，where引导的是表语从句，相当于the place where。
Home is where you can have a peaceful time.家庭是你可以获得安宁的地方。
He wants to go to Paris，but I prefer to go to London；that’s where we differ.
他想去巴黎，而我更喜欢去伦敦，这就是我们的分歧所在。
She said the plan would work out well.That’s just where I disagree.她说那项计划结果会好的，而这正是我所不同意的。 比较 She said the plan would work out well.That’s just what I disagree with.
她说那项计划结果会好的，而这正是我所不同意的
★. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.根据皮肤烧伤的层次而分别叫做一度烧伤，二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
★These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal.[翻译]这位病人需要两周才能康复。
The patient will take two weeks to recover.
★For second degree burns, keep_cloths_cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water. (P34) 在第二等级的烧伤中，要让布保持冷却，可以通过把布放回一盆冷水中的方式。
(1) This coat will keep you warm. (2) Her illness kept her in bed for a week. (3) They kept their marriage a_secret.
(4) The window was kept_locked.(5) She kept me waiting for half an hour.
“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构含义为“使……怎么样”，宾补部分是对宾语的补充说明，可以由形容词、副词、名词、分词和介词短语来充当。keep作系动词，意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。表示“使役”常见的动词有：have, make, let, get, keep, leave。其中have, make, let 可以用省去to的不定式作宾补(但被动的时候要加上to)，get 也可用不定式作宾补，形式为：get sb. to do sth. 。keep短语：
keep back 阻止，落在后面keep…out (of)使……在外，不让……入内keep away 不接近，避开
keep…from 阻止，抑制，避免于keep off 让开，不接近keep up 坚持继续，保持，(斗争)不低落
keep up with 跟上，赶上，不落后于 keep in touch with 与……保持联络keep to 不离开，遵守
keep sb. company 陪伴某人
(1)He always keeps his books in good order. 他总是把书放得整整齐齐。
(2)Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因为生病躺了一个星期。Keep the fire burning.别把火灭了。
(3)We'll keep you informed， as soon as we get the news. 一有消息，我们会通知你的。
▲ (2009·全国Ⅱ)They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
D　考查“keep ＋宾语＋宾补”的用法。句意 “他们使用计算机是为了让交通运转更加顺畅”，其中the traffic 是宾语，与run (运转)构成了主动关系，故选择running。
★If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.
若烫伤是在胳膊或腿上，如果可能的话，把它们抬得高于心脏。
★Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。if possible如果可能的话，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，相当于if it is possible。
①If possible，we’d like a table in a private room.如果可能的话，我们希望要一张包间的餐桌。
②If possible，try to speak English as often as you can.如果可能的话，尽可能经常地讲英语。
[归纳拓展] if so 如果这样的话 if not 如果不是的话 I f any 如果有的话 if necessary 如果必要的话
If ever 如果曾经有过的话 if anything 如果一定要说有的话what if？=So what？
③Will you be free this evening？If so，let’s go to the concert together.今晚有空吗？如果有我们一起去听音乐会吧。
④Is anybody feeling cold？If not，let’s open the windows.有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话，我们把窗户打开。
⑤If necessary，I will go there myself.如果必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。
10．—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes，________，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A．if ever　B．if busy C．if anything D．if possible
解析：选D。句意：有的，如果有可能的话我想去拜访城市的养老院。
11．—I hear Alice was badly injured in the accident and sent to hospital.
—________，we should go and see her immediately.
A．If so B．When necessary C．On condition that D．Believe it or not
解析：选A。考查省略。句意：——我听说Alice在事故中受伤严重，并且被送进了医院。——如果是那样的话，我们应该马上去看她。If so表示“如果这(那)样的话……When necessary表示“有必要时……”；On condition that表示“如果……”；Believe it or not表示“信不信由你”。根据语意可知选A项。
(1) unless是连词，意为“除非，如果不”，引导的是一个肯定条件状语从句，从句有时可以与if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。
①(牛津P2207)Unless something unexpected happens，I’ll see you tomorrow.如果不出意外，我明天去看你。
②(2009年高考四川卷)Owen wouldn’t eat anything unless he cooked it himself.欧文只吃他自己做的饭菜。
③We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it’s very cold.
除非下雨或天很冷，我们将在本周日去公园野餐。
①All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. 2009·全国Ⅱ）
A. As B. if C. though D. unless
②Don’t promise anything you are one hundred percent sure. 2008·浙江）
A. Whether B. after C. how D. unless
③ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. (2009·北京)
A.Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
④We don’t keep winning games we keep playing well. (2006·浙江)
A.Because B. unless C. when D. While
解析: ①选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，会给两到三个人食用。
②选D。句意为：除非你有完全的把握，否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。
③选A。句中unless意为“如果不”,可以与if...not互换。
④选B。unless意为“除非”,强调条件，符合句意。
(2)stick to a．粘在……之上
④A piece of chewing gum stuck to my shoe.一片口香糖粘在了我的鞋上。
b．坚持⑤He always sticks to his promise.他总是坚守自己的诺言。
⑥If you stick to the truth，you’ve nothing to fear.你要是坚持真理就可以无所畏惧。
8．(2010年高考课标全国卷)The little boy won’t go to sleep ________ his mother tells him a story.
A．or　B．unless C．but D．whether
解析：选B。句意：除非妈妈给他讲故事，否则小男孩就不去睡觉。本题考查连词。or或者，否则；unless除非；but但，除……之外；whether是否。根据语境可知，这里用unless表示“除非……否则……”。
9．Once a decision has been made，all of us should ________ it.
A．direct to B．stick to C．lead to D．refer to
解析：选B。stick to坚持；lead to导致；refer to参考，查阅。句意：一旦做出决定，我们都应该坚持它
★． So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。
We are，as you can imagine，very much in need of help.
★. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。[解释] "get+过去分词"表被动
[典例] In China, most workers get paid by month.在中国，大部分工人按月领公司。
(1)James got_beaten last night. (2)How did that window get_opened?
(3)Cleaning women in big cities usually get_paid by the hour.
2) So, as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.因此，如你所想象的，如果你的皮肤被烧伤了，就会变得非常的严重。
[练习] 汉译英 1) 别碰那滚烫的铁棍，否则你会被它的温度灼伤的。
______________________________________________________________
2) 在足球比赛中，他的腿折了。
Keys: 1) Don't touch the hot stick, or you'll get hurt by the high temperature. 2) His leg got broken in the football match.
★John was presented with his award … …
present n.礼物 ;目前 adj.在场，出席，当前的 v.颁发，授予，赠送
present sth． to sb. present sb． with sth
★John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
【要点指南】 when在此句中意为“这时，突然”，相当于at this/that time，常用于以下结构中：
be doing...when...正在……这时……be about to do...when...正打算做……这时……
be just going to do...when...正要……这时……had just done...when...刚做了……这时……
be on the point of doing...when...正要……这时……
We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.我们正要离开时隔壁发出了巨大的响声。
We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。
I was on the point of calling him when he came in.我正要给他打电话，这时他进来了。
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.他正笑着，门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。
We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.我们刚要出发，突然下起雨来了。
I had hardly entered my room when the telephone rang.我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.他刚要走就有人敲门。
1）We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
【解析】选A. "when" 作连词，表示“正在这时”。意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型）
2）He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
【解析】选C。主句用了be about to 结构,意思是“正准备做…”,与when 引起的从句连用
3）.I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident __ .
A．went; was occurring B. went; occurred C．was going; occurred D．was going; had occurred
【解析】选C. 这里的主句要用过去进行时,因从句中有when 引起的从句，而且从句多用一般过去时。
12．She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry________she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
A．while　　　B．when C．before D．after
解析：选B。句意：她猛地睁开眼睛，刚要哭，这时她听到她父亲急忙告诉她要保持安静。be about to do sth.when...为固定句型，其中的when为并列连词，相当于and at that time。
13．—Where’s that report?—I brought it to you________you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.
A．if B．when C．because D．before
解析：选B。句意：“那份报告在哪里？”“昨天在布莱克先生办公室的时候我给你了。”根据句意判断，此处应为时间状语，故选when。
14．There were some chairs left over ________ everyone had sat down.
A．when B．until C．that D．where
解析：选A。句意：虽然所有人都坐下了，但还有一些椅子剩下。when放在句中时有even though之意。
★ It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms. Slade’s life.
正是约翰的快速反应和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。
It was the old man’s wisdom that helped solve the problem.
★. I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have.我认为他们还没从医院回来，不过也许已经回来了
★. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a difference..这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。
a knowledge of 知道，了解，具有……知识He has a good knowledge of English.
★. There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms.
Slade's life. 毫无疑问,正是约翰快捷的动作和他在中学所学的急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命.
[解释] There is no doubt that毫无疑问... There is some doubt whether是否......,还有些疑问
There is no doubt that your success has resulted from your hard work.
There_is_no_doubt_that they will agree with you on this matter. There_is_no_doubt_that we will be successful.
There is no doubt about sth./that­从句意为“毫无疑问……”。在此句型中，doubt作为名词用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句。此外，doubt作名词用在肯定句中时，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。此时不可以用if替换whether。如：He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try.
There is no need (for sb. ) to do sth. 没有必要干某事
There is no possibility / hope ＋that… 不可能 / 没有希望干……
There is no use / harm / fun / difficulty / point (in) doing sth. 干……没有用处 / 没有害处 / 没有乐趣 / 没有困难 / 没有意义
改错(1)There is some doubt that the young man can undertake such an important task.
(2)There is no doubt if the evidence available is favorable for us.
(3)As far as I see, there is no possibility he will win the tennis match this time.
(1) 把that 改为whether　(2) 把if 改为that　(3) 在possibility后加上that
[练习] 汉译英 1) 这个年轻人是否能担当此重任仍有疑问.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2)毫无疑问,证据是对我方有利.
Keys:1) There is some doubt whether the young man can undertake such an important task.
2) There is no doubt that the evidence available is favorable for us.
▲(2009·安徽) ______ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains
D　考查remain 作系动词以及doubt 的用法。句意：“人们对这个项目的实际价值仍有疑问。”there's a doubt that…“有一个疑问……”，remain 有系动词的用法，这里可以取代be动词，故选择D。
(2011·泉州一中高三质检)Only when you _____what you have learned to practice ____say you have made it.
A．adapt；you can　　　 B．apply；can you C．use；you can D．adopt；can you
(2011·兖州一中高三质检)Recently I realized the fact that I can now organize my own time，which ________.
A．makes a good sense B．makes a great contribution
C．makes a deep impression D．makes a big difference
(2011·宁海中学高三模拟)Maggie is a neat and tidy student，who likes to have everything ________.
A．in public　 B．in place C．in return D．in practice
M5 U5 Grammar省略句 1.省略是一种避免重复、保持简洁的语法手段
2.凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句
省略的分类1.语篇省略和情景省略 有的省略句可以从上下文找到被省略的成分，这种省略叫做语篇省略如：
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world,　if not the largest (city).
上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一 
2.情景省略有的省略句虽然从上下文中找不到被省略的成分，但是可以从语言情景中推断出被省略的成分。如：(I am) Glad to see you.见到你真高兴
简单句、并列句和复合句的省略
分类
说明
举例
简单句的省略
不定式的省略
A:　Will you join us?你要同我们一道去吗？
B:　I should love to (join you).我愿意。
介词的省略
We have lived here (for) ten years.
我们在这儿已经住了10年了
但是在否定句中,此类for不能省略如：
I haven't seen you for three months.
我已经三个月没有见到你了。
It's no use (in) crying.哭也没用
在并列句中
一般说来，在后一并列然中
凡是与上文相同的成分通常
都要省略。
My room is on the fifth floor,　and hers (is) on the eighth (floor).
我的房间在五楼,而她的在八楼。
I came at right but Henry (came) at nine.
我在八点来,但是亨利在九点来

复
合
句
的
省
略
状
语
从
句
当状语从的主语和主句
的主语一致，且状语从
句中含有be　动词时，
省略状语从句中的主语和be 动词。
When （the novel is） published,　the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。
Although (he was) hard-working,　he couldn't earn enough to support himself.
尽管努力工作,他的收入还是不够自己糊口。
When (the grapes are) ripe,　the grapes will be delicious.
当葡萄成熟之后就会很好吃
定
语
从
句
如果关系代词在定语从句中
作宾语时，这个关系代词可
以省略。
Here is the man (whom) you've been looking　for.
这位就是你一直在找的人。
He's the man (who/that) you can safely depend on.
他是你能放心信赖的人。
There are many plays (that) I'd like to see.
有很多话剧我想看
复
合
句
的
省
略
宾
语
从
句
引导宾语从句的that 之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。
如果that 后面的宾语从句较长时，that 不能省略。
I hope (that) you'll be fine soon.
我希望你尽快康复。
Now scientists warn that if not under control,　the unseen energy waves,　“electric smog”, may be hazardous to our health.
现在科学家警告说,有一种肉眼看不到的能波,即“电子烟尘”,如果不加以控制,可能危害人类的健康。
主
语
从
句
有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现
象通常出现在简短答语中。
A:　You all like the story？你们都喜欢这个故事？
B:　Yes,　except that the conclusion is too long.
是的,只是结尾太仓促
考点1、状语从句中的省略
1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构:
①连词(as, as if, once+名词)Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
②连词(though, whether, when)+形容词Work hard when (you are) young ,or you’ll regret.
③连词(when, while, though)+现在分词 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
④连词(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词
⑤连词(as if, as though)+不定式He