必修4Unit2.doc

必修4 Unit 2
Ⅰ. New words and phrases.(P96)
Ⅱ. Language points:
1. working the land--growing crops on the land 耕种土地
work ①vt. 经营,管理(工厂，农场);耕耘(土地);开动,操作(机器，装置等);使…工作/运转;创造(奇迹) work a big farm/the land / the fields/the machine/miracles/work(do)wonders.
e.g: The machine is worked by wind power. He works his wife too hard.
②vi. 工作；运转；奏效，起作用 Most people had to work to earn a living. Immediately the machine worked again quite smoothly. Your idea won't work in practice.
③UN. 工作 works 著作，作品；工厂；工程，工事 a work of art.
④work out 计算出；制订出；解决(问题)；锻炼；结果为；理解，弄懂，说出
work on / at 从事，忙于 work on/out a problem work as 担任，充当
Ex. ①She was a skillful speaker who knew how to_____a crowd. (arouse / raise/create/work)
②We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it_____very well. (worked out / tried out/went on/carried on)
③_____work has been done to improve our living conditions.
(Many/A great many/ A great number of/A great deal of)
缩略句 ① if so/ not ② if any /ever/possible/necessary
③ What if…/what about…/what for? How come?/Why not?
Ex.①—Will you have a free evening tonight? _____ let's have a dinner together.
(If not/Why not/ If so/ What if)
②Have you previewed the text? _____, please answer these questions._____, read the text first and then answer them.
③There are a few spelling mistakes; ___it's quite a good essay.(all in all/above all/if so/even so)
④—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? —Yes.____, I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city. (If ever/If busy/If anything/If possible)
⑤Pick out the mistakes in the following sentences,____? ⑥He is seldom, ____, late for school.
⑦_____the earthquake happens in the future? ⑧______going to the theme park this afternoon?
⑨ It's going to rain this afternoon.____, you'd better take an umbrella with you.
⑩—I'll go to England with my parents next year. —______?
(11) Is everybody feeling hot? _____, turn off the electric fan, please.
(12)—Shall we clean the classroom after class? —______?
3. statistic: CN(pl.) 统计数字, 统计资料 UN.统计学

Statistics show that…/ according to official ~ s/ crime ~s/ unemployment ~s.
4. go to bed hungry ( tired and cold/ cold and hungry)
He left home young and returned home old . (adj.短语在句中做伴随状语，说明主语的特征)
5. consider doing (考虑) /sb. as/to be / to have done(认为)
6. get sunburnt / his sunburnt face.
7. for the past five decades. in / for / during/ over the past/ last few years (have done).
Prices have risen sharply in the past decade. a decade ago
8. struggle: vi. n.奋斗, 拼搏; 努力; 挣扎; 抗争,斗争,搏斗;艰难地行进
struggle for/ with (against)/with sb./ to do sth. a struggle with sb. for/ against sth./ between A and B.
e.g: He has been struggling for success in business / to succeed in business.
Some people are struggling ____ power, while still others_____ a living.
He has been struggling cancer for many years.
struggle_____ existence/ freedom / independence/ struggle difficulties/ illness.
The struggle _____independence was long and hard. / He is engaged in a bittle struggle ____his rival to get control of the company.
It's a struggle ____good and evil. I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags.
△struggle to one's feet without a struggle(未经努力)
Ex. ①The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle_____.(being heard/ hearing/ to be heard/to hear).
②He fell _____a rock in his walk and _____to his feet.
(A. off, ran B. over, struggled C. over, stood D. off, brought)
③The poor girl has been struggling _____cancer for two years.(for/ against/ in /to)
④She___________ (努力忍住眼泪)
⑤I realized strength and courage are not always measured in medals and victories but in the ___ _we overcome. (sadness/ struggles/diseases/tiredness)
⑥_______, a farmer was hurt in an accident. In order to get the medicine for her father as soon as possible, his daughter had to_______. The little girl fell over now and then but she _______, and she must _____the wild animals on the road. All was to______. (struggle for existence/ a decade ago/ struggled to her feet/ struggle through the snowstorm/ struggle against)
9. the first/last/next/only/best to do
Ex. —The last one____ pays the meal. —Agreed! (arrived/ arrives/ arriving/to arrive)
10. out put 产量、输出—input 输入 increase the output by 30%.
Input your order and the computer will output the correct data automatically.
11. make/find/consider/think/believe/feel it(形宾) adj./n.(宾补)+真宾(to do/doing/that)
make it possible (for sb.)to do sth/make it a rule to do sth./make it clear that/
find it difficult(important)to do sth./feel it one's duty to do sth./think it an honour to do sth./
consider it strange that/ find it no use/good doing sth.
Ex. ①It was the teacher who made_____ possible____ I went to college.
A. me, that B. that, that C. it, that D. that, it
②He didn't make_____ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (this/that/it these)
③What a small meeting room! Do you think____ possible for so many students to sit in?
改错 ④ The old man made a rule to go out walking after supper.
⑤The teachers make it is easy for us to do the exercises after class.
⑥ The snowstorm made that harder for us to finish the task ahead of time.
⑦The paper makes it clearly that the youth who are not older than 18 years old are not allowed to be trained as professional models.
⑧The girl made this out of secret that she had been the first in her class studying abroad.
12. The factory has produced 15% more cars than last year's
This park is one-fifth larger than that one.
倍数句型：A is three times / 1/3 / 70% larger than/as large as/ the size of B.
Ex. ①It is reported that the United States uses_____ energy as the whole of Europe.
(as twice/twice much/twice much as/ twice as much)
②I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times____. (as much/ as many/ so much/so many)
③Ten years ago the population of our village was_____ that of theirs.
(as twice large as/twice as much as/ as twice much as/ twice as large as)
④ What a table! I've never seen such a thing before. It is____ it is long.
(half not as wide as/ wide not as half as/not half as wide as/ as wide as not half)
⑤Americans eat_____ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
(more than twice/as twice as many/ twice as many as/ more than twice as many)
13. 60%/ 2/3/ most/ half/ the rest/ some / part of+n. is/ are(单复数根据n定)
Ex. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_____.
(need repairing/needs to repair/needs repairing/need to repair)
14. since ①时间状从“自从”(ever) since then (have done). It has been/is 3 years since he graduated/smoked.
②原因状从—now that.
Ex. ① —How long has this bookshop been in business? _____ 1982. (after/In / From/since)
②_____everybody knows about it, I don't want to talk any more. (For / Even/ Since/ However)
改错：③ Since then, he developed another bad habit.
④Since I have received a strange e-mail, I have been worried.
⑤Since then, the farmers have been planted super hybrid rice.
15. as a young man graduate from
16. need. n.v. have a great need for…/There is no need for sb. to do sth. / in need of/ meet (satisfy)one's need. need to do sth/ sb. to do sth. need doing/ to be done.
Ex. ①It's too dirty. The classroom needs ______. (to clean/being cleaned/ cleaning/ cleaned)
② _____no need for you to quarrel ______the man.
(A. It is, to B. It is, with C. There is, with D. There is, to)
17. hunger. ①UN. 饥饿 die of hunger
②CN.(sing)欲望,渴望 The children have a strong hunger for knowledge.
③v.(使)饥饿,渴望 They will not hunger any more./ The whole world hungers for peace./
The students hunger after new knowledge and ideas./ He hungered to see his mother.
hunger for / after sth./to do sth. 渴望 hungry: adj. go hungry
be hungry for / after sth.(love) 渴望 -----have a strong hunger for/ hunger for(after)sth.
c.f: hunger: 普通用词，指人体对于食物迫切需要的正常生理现象
Hunger and disease had weakened his constition(体质)
starvation 语气重，指因长期缺乏食物所造成的痛苦，死亡，侧重人为的灾难所致.
Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought.
Ex. I am deeply disturbed and depressed so that I am freedom and relaxation.
18. disturbing: adj. 引起烦恼的，令人不安的 the disturbing news.
disturb: vt. 打扰,扰乱,搅乱,弄乱;使不安/心神不宁
Don't disturb the sleeping baby. /Tell me if I'm disturbing you./ A light wind disturbed the smooth surface of the lake/The letter disturbed her greatly./She was disturbed to hear of the bad news.
△disturbing/disturbed: adj. 心神不宁的,烦恼的；精神紊乱的,动乱的 disturbance. n.扰乱
e.g: They were all_____ by the _____news; that is, the news_____ all of them.
c.f: disturb 打扰，扰乱，弄乱；使焦灼不安 ~sb./the quietness of the night
interrupt打断，使中断 ~one's study /
Our conversation was constantly ~ed by the noises upstairs./ A flash ~ ed the program.
Ex. ①Production at the factory was ______for two hours because of the accident (missed/ lost/ disturbed/interrupted) ②He was_____ by so many_____ matters.
③It was very_____ that there has been an increase in crime rate in the last six months.
④However, at times this balance in nature is______, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen efforts. (troubled /disturbed/confused/puzzled)
19. search…搜查/ search for 搜寻/search…for…/in search of 搜寻 /the/ one's search for…
e.g: They are searching every room. They are searching every room for the necklace.
They are searching for the necklace. The police searched the thief for the necklace.
They hurried from room to room in search of the necklace. I joined in their search for the necklace.
Ex. Many of the villagers went into the mountains ______the lost boy.
(in search for / in search/ to search/ to search for)
20. without (sb.) doing sth.: The party was organized without her knowing anything about it. David went to play football without eating breakfast.
21. ①expand vt. vi.(使)变大,扩大,扩展,膨胀,增加；详述,细谈
e.g: If water is heated, it will~. / The water froze inside the pipe, causing it to expand and burst.
He expanded his short story into a novel. His face expanded in a smile of welcome.
The professor expanded on the topic.
△ expand the wings / metals/production/business
expand sth. into把…扩展为… /expand into…发展为/扩大为
expand on sth. 细说/阐述 expansion n. 扩大，膨胀
②expand 扩展,扩张 强调“范围”扩张 There are no plans to expand the local airport.
extend 延伸（铁路）,强调纵向延伸或指时间空间等的延长，延续，延伸 extend the railway.
The hot weather extended into October. They extended the railway to the next city.
spread铺开,展开;传播(消息);(疾病)蔓延
Mom spread a new table cloth on the table. She was told not to spread this secret around.
stretch 伸长，拉长（由曲变直，由短变长的伸展，不是加长）也可指空间的延伸
These socks stretch. stretch / reach out one's hand
enlarge面积,体积,范围的扩大,(不可指重量,速度,时间等) 扩大照片,气球等
increase 数量，大小等方面的扩大或增加.
Ex. ①The population of the town____ rapidly in the 1960s.
②The fire____ from the factory to the warehouse nearby.
③As children grow older they_____ their interests and become more confident.
④We will eventually ____ _the road as far as the station.
⑤The wet weather___ _ into September. ⑥The ship building industry is rapidly_____.
⑦The headmaster___ our holiday by four days.
⑧The new system_____ the role of family doctors. (expanded/spread/developed/ increased)
⑨ Metals_ when they are heated. (enlarge/expand/extend/stretch)
⑩ The company has___ _from having one office to having twelve. (spread/expanded/supported/explained)
22. ①circulate. v. 液体,气体)循环；(消息,谣言)流传,传播；流通,发行;传递,传送，传阅； (聚会)往来应酬,周旋
e.g: The blood ~s round the body. / Please open a window to allow the air to~./
The news of her death ~ ed (spread) quickly. / Rumors ~ ed among the people rapidly./
The document will be ~ ed to all members./ The prince ~ed from group to group at the party.
△ circulate sth. 使…循环,流通/ circulate sth. to sb. 把…传递(送)给…/
circulate about around/among…
②circulation. n. have a good/ bad~血液循环好/不好/ in ~ 在流通(散布)blood~/
a ~ of…的发行量/be out of~退出社交活动
e.g: Bad blood circulation makes you feel cold. China Daily is mass-circulation newspaper.
She is out of~ at the moment because she is working for her exams.
③ circulate循环，传播/spread 传播，蔓延/distribute分发 distribute leaflets to passers-by.
Ex. ①The news of the enemy's defeat quickly ______to the town. (expanded/cirulated/spreaded/moved)
②Hot water_____ through the heating system. (circles/cycles/circulates/rounds)
23. developing/developed/less developed countries
24. thanks to 幸亏，由于，因为/thanks for 感谢
e.g _____his timely help, the little boy was saved. ______ giving us advice.
△thanks to (状) /due to (表状,不放句首)/owing to (状表)/because of(状)/on account of(状)/
as a result of/resulting from.
eg. The accident was due to his careless driving. Owing to my absence, they had to put off the meeting until next week.
Ex. ①It was_____ John ____we won the game.
A. because, who B. because of, whom C. as, that D. thanks to , that
②____being late for the conference, the secretary was dismissed from the company.
(In reference to / As for/ In case of/ On account of)
③The central finance has handed out 6.3 billion yuan to help local governments ease capital shortages ____the snow disaster. (resulting in/ in spite of/ due to / in terms of)
④ _____the heavy rain, we were all stopped ____getting there on time.
(A. Due to,/ Owing for,/ C. Thanks for, from D. owing to, from.)
⑤It's acknowledged that the traffic accident was largely ____the driver's carelessness.
(because/ due to / thanks to/ with a result of)
⑥____our party's reform policy, the economic situation of our country has already____much better than before. (Owing to, turned on /Because of, turned over / Despite, tuned around /Thanks to, turned out)
25. rid…of… 除掉，去掉，摆脱 (warn/inform/cure/rob/convince/rid sb of…)
① rid sb. / sth. of…使…摆脱 rid oneself of (bad habit / debt) rid the kitchen of mice.
Further measures will be taken to rid our streets of crime.
②get rid of / be rid of/ be free of/ rid sb of… break away from…
I can't get rid of the headache. I was glad to be rid of the car when I finally sold it.
The robbery suspect broke away from the prison.
You should rid yourself of that bad habit. —You should get rid of that bad habit.
How can I rid the room of the bad smell? —How can I get rid of the bad smell in the room.
Ex. ①If I ruled the world, I would ____the world ____wars.
A. get rid of, by B. be rid of, by C. rid, of D. get rid, of
②The doctor _____him of the pain by taking out the tooth. (reminded/robbed/rid/charged)
③It is difficult to _____the piles of rubbish _____the city.
A. get rid of, in B. get rid, of C. rid, of D. rid, in
④If you want to advance yourself in your study, you will first have to ____ yourself of those shortcomings that can become barriers to progress. (remove / cut/ reduce / rid)
26. battle. n.v.战役,战斗,较量,斗争 a battle with