2012年全国职称英语考试复习资料.doc

2012年全国职称英语考试复习资料
职称英语等级考试及解题方法序言 2
第一部分 2010年度全国职称英语等级考试试题、答案 3
综合类试卷及答案 3
综合类(A级)试题 3
综合类(B级)试题 11
综合类(C级)试题 19
综合类试题参考答案 26
理工类试卷及答案 27
理工类(A级)试题 27
理工类(B级)试题 35
理工类(C级)试题 43
理工类试题参考答案 51
卫生类试卷及答案 52
卫生类(A级)试题 52
卫生类(B级)试题 60
卫生类(C级)试题 68
卫生类试题参考答案 75
第二部分 2010年职称英语考试与国家指定教材对应文章 76
阅读理解 76
完形填空 85
第三部分 2011年职称英语教材阅读理解新增文章英文+中文+可替换题目 93
2011年阅读理解新增文章_综合类 93
2011年阅读理解新增文章_理工类 101
2011年阅读理解新增文章_卫生类 118
2011年阅读理解新增文章_参考答案 130
第四部分 2011年职称考试阅读理解--考试目录及复习范围 131
综合类阅读理解文章目录 131
理工类阅读理解文章目录 133
卫生类阅读理解文章目录 135
第五部分 2011年职称考试完形填空--考试目录及复习范围 137
综合类完形填空文章目录 137

理工类完形填空文章目录 151
卫生类完形填空文章目录 162

职称英语等级考试及解题方法序言

1．概述
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项外语考试，它根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。该考试根据专业技术人员使用英语的实际情况，把考试的重点放在了阅读理解上面。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类。每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50％。三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。

2．职称英语等级考试的要求
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试重点考查应试者的阅读理解能力。考试总的评价目标是：申报A级的人员在两小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报B级的人员在两小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；申报C级的人员在两小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所 为达到上述目标，考试对应试者的英语词汇量、英语语法知识和阅读理解能力的要求分别如下：

词汇量
考试所涉及的词汇和短语主要依据本大纲所附词汇表。对申报不同级别的应试者要求掌握的词汇量不等：
● 申报A级的人员应认知6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；
● 申报B级的人员应认知5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语；
● 申报C级的人员应认知4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语。
需要指出的是，职称英语等级考试所涉及的词汇、短语主要根据本考试大纲所附的词汇表，在实际考试中，凡是超出大纲词汇表以外的词汇一般都给出中文意思。

第一部分 2010年度全国职称英语等级考试试题、答案
综合类试卷及答案

综合类(A级)试题

第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.      Her father was a quiet man with (graceful) manners.
A. bad B. polite C. similar D. usual
2.      Patricia stared at the other girls with (resentment).
A. love B. surprise C. doubt D. anger              
3.      Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of (vigorous) exercise every day.
A. energetic B. physical C. regular D. free
4.      Our arrangements were thrown into complete (turmoil).
A. failure B. confusion C. doubt D. relief
5.      Sleep stairs can present a particular (hazard) to older people.
A. evidence B. danger C. case D. picture
6.      I enjoyed the play – it had a clever plot and very (funny) dialogues.
A. long B. original C. humorous D. boring
7.      He (demolished) my argument in minutes.
A. disproved B. disputed C. accepted D. supported
8.      The two banks have announced plans to (merge) next year.
A. combine B. sell C. close D. break
9.      Regular visits from a social worker can be of (immense) value to old people living alone.
A. immediate        B. great C. equal D. moderate
10.  I want to provide my boys with a (decent) education.
A. private B. general C. good D. special            
11.  Lower taxes would (spur) investment and help economic growth.
A. attract B. encourage C. require D. spend
12.  He was kept in (appalling) conditions in prison.
A. critical B. terrible C. necessary D. normal
13.  I can’t (put up with) my neighbor’s noise any longer, it’s driving me mad.
A. measure B. generate C. tolerate D. reduce
14.  The project required ten years of (diligent) research.
A. hardworking B. scientific C. basic D. social
15.  He was rather (vague) about the reasons why he never finished school.
A. unclear B. bright C. bad D. general

第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Writing’s on the Wall?
 Is it art or is it just vandalism(野蛮行为)? Well, it's still a crime, but graffiti（涂鸦）has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory. Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his "tag", TAKI 183, all over the New York underground in 1971, and hip-hop culture was born. Hip-hop is a mixture of art, who felt left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could.
An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, has been so successful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June. "We've planning to get people together from different countries like France and Germany for a week," says Liam, one of organizers. The scheme started in 2000, and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes. “We all share a common interest and get on really well with each other." The first site to be chosen was a subway. Before we began, people were afraid to use the subway. We had it cleaned up and now, with all the artists hanging out down there, people are using it again, People can relate to graffiti much more now." By proving places to display their talents legally, there has been a fall in the amount of "tagging" on people's private property.
Street artist Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age. In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the Art teacher didn't spend time with him. They thought he was already very good at art and so spent more time with other students. So, at 12 years old, Temper started painting with all these guys he'd looked up with who were about 22 years old. He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolvehampton, England. "The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything. But it was always the graffiti I was best at," he says.
 16. Demetrius was a teenager from New York.   
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The graffiti scheme in Rochdale was for teenagers only.  
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. People did not like using the subway before an organized group of graffiti artists came.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Since the scheme started, no walls in the town were sprayed with graffiti.  
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Most of the other graffiti artists in England were about ten years older than Temper.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Temper, a street artist, is now head of a graffiti club in England.  
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Temper is involved in many different aspects of hip-hop culture.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Waste Not, Want Not
       Bob and Clara Darlington, who own and run a farm in the North of England, have always looked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow. Their success began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.
The business was an immediate success, and soon became top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country. The association's inspectors found the Darlingtons's shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetables.
Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she has make herself in the farmhouse kitchen. A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added, with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.
Clara admits that starting the business was expensive, and she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good, the public recognize this and buy it." I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers, whether they come in for a loaf of bread, or take a whole dinner-party menu. I take it as a compliment if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves.
So it was that the couple realized that they has a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.
The soup met with immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produces ten different varieties. She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups. As a result, they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.

23. Paragraph 2 ____
24. Paragraph 3 ____
25. Paragraph 4 ____
26. Paragraph 5 ____

A. A necessary alternative to farming
B. Professional recognition is obtained
C. Time well spent is rewarded
D. Professional skills are exploited
E. Continuing investment in high standards
F. Ensuring that nothing gets wasted

27. Bob and Clara Darlington established a shop to _____
28. Apart from quality fruit and vegetables, the couple _____
29. Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away, the couple _____
30. Clara spent much of the summer going to London to ____

A. sell fresh vegetables
B. fill a gap in the market
C. offer a variety of prepared meals
D. turn them into soup
E. sell as much as possible
F. promote her soups

第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 The best way to lose weight
    You hear this: "No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat." You feel sad: "I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
    Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that. "80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight."
    How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained. The results were surprising: by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
    Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
    This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort. But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

 31. The first paragraph tells us our weight is determined by
A. our genes B. our work habits
C. our eating habits D. our life style
32. In Jules Hirsche’s study, the subjects
A. showed no health problem B. lived only on liquid food
C. were very short D gained weight rapidly
33. After leaving the hospital, the eight fat people
A. were back to their original weight B. went mad
C. attempted suicide D. followed the advice of Hirsch’s
34. In Ethen Sim’s study, the subjects were asked to
A. eat as much as they could B. battle their genetic inheritance
C. stay in prison D. lower their weight
35. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Each person wants to control his weight
B. Each person has a weight range of 9 kg
C. Each person wants to eat his heart’s content
D. Each people has a natural weight range
第二篇 Food for Learning
       In Eritrea, a small country in northeast Africa, approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women. As in many developing countries, most Eritreans have traditional ideas about the role of women. They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.
       These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families. In Eritrea, in fact, there is great need for improvement. It is one of the poorest countries in the world. For many Eritrean families, getting enough food is a daily problem.
       To deal with these problems, the Eritrean government, together with the World Food Program, has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools, all the children receive food packages to take home to their families. However, with the new program, the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys. This way, parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.
       Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean women, this program offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization) to women and older girls who are willing to join the program. Because of the war with Ethiopia, many women are bringing up their families on their own. They often live in refugee camps, with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job. They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.
       The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives. If they agree to join the program, they receive a large package of food each month. In return, the women are required to attend free literacy classes for two hours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months. It is especially popular with teenage girls, aged fourteen to sixteen, who have never had a chance to go to scho