中级口译听力篇.doc

新东方在线 [] 网络课堂电子教材系列 中级口译系列
中级口译听力篇

主讲：杨文杰

欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材

教程内容提纲

1． 中级口译概述以及中级口译听力题型分类讲解（题型，评分标准，难点，技巧）
2． 听力能力提高的4个有效途径
3． 缩写与Spot Dictation
4． 听力中的音变现象和美语发音学习
5． 听力微技巧与Listening Comprehension
6． 笔记系统与Listening Translation

上课必备书籍：《英语中级口译全真试题集》

前言：教师介绍与课程风格
一、教师介绍与课程介绍
(一)、是语音速成班、高级听力预备班、高级口译预备班的结合
口语于听力相结合，听力的好坏取决于口语
举几个例子，考察一下听力：
１、ice or water lose aim
same area your own
2、高级口语例子：ill at ease
crude oil
sleep and eat
3、段子：Boys of American
A helicopter carrying 8 people was reported missing. After it unloaded a cargo of foods, some crude oil and other provisions for workers digging a major tunnel for a water project for Manila, an official said yesterday.

A helicopter carrying eight people was reported　
老师读两遍，第一遍语速180词/分，第二遍130词/分（中口考试难度）

(二)、要听懂各个国家的发音，中级口译分为美式发音和英式发音两种，各占50％

问题: Who is presenter; Who is keynote speaker.
Good morning, it is a unique honor to act as a whole city, I also understand it is an honor which comes with a great responsibility, and which requires the highest levels of cooperation with the IOC. My promise to you is that we will be your very best partners all of us who made guarantees to you are ready to deliver them now, on security, on finance, on every single undertaking we have given. If you award the game to us, I pledge to you personally, we will continue to give the highest levels of support. My entire government and the main opposition parties, too, are united behind this bid. It has total political support, I can't think of a better place than London to hold an event that unites the world. London will inspire the young people around the world and ensure the Olympic Game will remain the dream for future generation.

有关伦敦申奥的短文，以美式和英式发音各读一遍，注意区别。

推荐电影：《Forest Gump》美式发音，串讲美国历史，有助于考试
　　　　　《Notting hill》美式、英式结合

第一章 中级口译概述以及中级口译听力题型分类讲解
一、中口简介
１、中口考试概况
: 2004年口译考试报名者突破６万人次，２００５年新东方暑假班１万人。笔试通过率25%．口试通过率15%
２、中级口译笔试共分四部分：1.听力40分钟/90分; 2阅读50分钟/60分; 3.英译汉30分钟/50分; 4.汉译英30分钟/50分。 总考试时间为150分钟，满分为250分。凡第一阶段合格的考生（及格分150分）方可参加第二阶段口试。如果听力能拿60分，则在余下的阅读部分只要取得40分，总分值100的翻译加起来拿50分，就能轻松达到150分的及格分。听力在夺取这150分中，处于抢分的关键地位。
高口平均分：１６０。听力平均分：５０

二、考试题型详解：
（一）Spot Dictation
１、长度：300词/篇，语速：130词/分，20空，每空填１－４个词
２、特征：时代性、实用性
　　　　　主题主要是电脑、科技、教育
３评分标准：每空1.5分，非关键词填写错误不扣分
　　　　　　　3个单复数错误累计扣0.5分
４、难点：　（１）听不懂，词汇难，分不清美、英发音
　　　　　　（２）记不下来
５、技巧：（２２个字）
（1）边听边看边写：注意空前一个词
（2）善用简写：
例子：《英语中级口译全真试题集》101页，习题六，13－19空
Third, brainstorm solutions. Dream up as many solutions as you can and _________(13) them one by one. This step will require _________14). Talk about which solutions will work and _________(15) they will be to implement. Your solutions need to be acceptable by both parties, so you should be prepared to _________(16). Later, you’ll need to review the _________(17) of the accepted solution. If it _________(18), be open to making changes or _________(19)to bring about a new solution.
答案：(13) evaluate; (14)time and honesty; (15)how difficult; (16)make compromise; (17)effectiveness; (18)does not work; (19)be ready
应用简写：如：some need=sm+nd
（3）不懂放弃：对于不会的空，要学会放弃，不能影响下一题，造成循环
（4）语法复查：一致现象：并列关系语法结构一致
习惯搭配：如：keep up (with)
虚词补充
（5）小心誊抄：花３分钟时间，仔细填写

（二）Listening Comprehension
一共有30题，语速：150词/分，每题间隔15－18秒
１、Statements
（１）题型：10句话
例子：《英语中级口译全真试题集》　102页，1、2题
① I'm afraid Mr. Baker, our board director, had decided last night not to attend this morning’s committee meeting. (c)
(A) Mr. Baker doesn’t like to go to the meeting last night.
(B) Last night Mr. Baker decided to cancel this morning’s meeting.
(C) Mr. Baker made up his mind not to go to this morning’s meeting.
(D) Mr. Baker made a last-minute decision to hold the meeting this morning.

②A lot of people nowadays have muscular problem in the neck, the shoulders and the back that are really due to stress and tension in their work.. (a)
(A) Hard work often brings about discomfort in parts of the human body.
(B) If you are nervous, you may hurt yourself in performing this kind of task.
(C) Those staff members who work back to back are hard on each other.
(D) This exercise is to relax your muscles in the neck, the shoulders and the back.
（２）难点：同义置换
　　　　　　阅读速度不够快
（３）技巧：纵向阅读：先读题项，再读题，注意不同点
重复记忆：句子与句子的重复点要记忆
区别标明：标出题干的互异、唯一信息
熟用题型：虚拟语气、数字、转折、否定、因果、让步状语、建议、词组和习语

2、 Talks and Conversations
（1）考试内容：政治、经济、文化教育、语言文学、科普、交际场合语言会话
（2）题型：4-5个段子，现在基本上是5个段子，每个段子四个题
（3）技巧：预测考点，边听边看，留心标示

（三）Listening and Translation
1、Sentence Translation
（1）题型：5句。每句25个词左右，每题间有45－60秒的间隔
（2）主题：灾难新闻、突发事件、经济动向、统计数据
要经常看China Daily报纸，了解“通货膨胀率、利息、失业率”等名词
（3）评分标准：内容基本正确、表达通顺 得满分3分
内容比较正确、表达比较通顺 2－2.5
答对一半 1.5分
关键信息错误 不给分
Eg: Smoking cigarette is dangerous. It is leading course of preventable death in the United States. Every year over 400,000 Americans die at reason of smoking .And another 10 millions people suffer from smoking relative disease.
注意：1数字一定要听出来
2抓住句与句之间的逻辑关系
2、Passage translation
（1）题型：每段80个词，130词/分，每题间隔150－200秒
（2）评分标准：第一段7分，第二段8分
语言表达占40％，内容占60％，内容错不给分
（3）难点：听：基础不牢、词汇不够、文化背景知识不丰富、特殊语法不熟悉
记：最大的难点
译：只要直译就可
（4）如何做笔记
段落的笔记：
.d 10 a.m S highway
Lorry overturn
电 gd-à rd
dr 伤，-à hosp
acc -à 大 trf X
2h < rd clr
: dr 2 leg
段落翻译原文：Yesterday at 10 o’clock in the morning on the South Highway a lorry overturned. The electronic goods in the lorry spilled onto the road. The driver was injured and was taken to hospital. The accident caused a big traffic jam two hours before the road was finally cleared. It was later reported that the driver had broken both legs.
（5）技巧：脑记为主，笔记为辅。
抓主体，非细节，抓内容，非语言。

第二章 听力能力提高的4个有效途径
一、听力提高要有恒，有序，有量
1、有恒：每天半小时听力（精听）
2、有序：不要超前
3、有量：中口要做到100小时的精听，同传要达到1000小时

二、打通的四关：语音 ，词汇，文化常识，语法
1、语音：
（1）辨别口音
（2）熟悉音变现象：吞读、连读、缩读
（3）了解美语音标，注意语音、语调、节奏
Eg：表扬别人
You look great today.
You did a good job.
You are looking shark today.
You’ve got a good sense of humor.
You look like million dollars.
incredible
awful
awesome
You have a good taste.
You always know the right thing to say.

2、词汇
（1）中口词汇为7000，趋势：杂，多涉及政治、经济、英国小城镇
Eg：bar 律师团
moonlight 第二职业
（2）技巧：词汇关推荐书籍：〈英语口译资格考试分类词汇精编〉
〈中级口译笔试备考精要〉
联想记忆法(词根词缀法、谐音记忆法)　　如：delinquency（失职）；pedophilia（恋童癖）aftermath（灾难的后果）upheaval(剧变)

3、文化常识
（1）出卷人为上外英语系教授，研究英美两国历史
考点多出于英国教育、语言与教育、美国总统就职演说、美国历史欧洲经济情况
Eg：Queen’s bench 英国高等法院
Queen’s English 标准英语
Big Apple 纽约
It’s a quite Babylon project. 不可能完成的任务

4、语法；语法复查，弥补听力问题
听力中的误区、小问题需要通过语法来弥补
第三章 缩写与Spot Dictation
一、缩写练习：
第一段缩写训练答案：
Many pl’s favorite hob is sports. Ty spend + - thr spr tm play(g) team game like footb/baseb, games for(4) 2/4 pl, like tennis, or golf. Sm pl like 2 prac . Indiv spt like run(g)/swim(g). Pl usually prac . Spt 4 at least 3 reason. 1st, ty enjoy it & 2st, ty feel . Nd 2 kp fit __ tt ty feel +2 after ty had sm exer.

逐句讲解
Many pl’s favorite hob is sports. 　
pl =people

Ty spend + - thr spr tm play(g) team game like footb/baseb,
Ty=they thr= their thm=them +=much ++/+2=more +3=most
－=little －2＝less －3＝least
the most beautiful girl = +3 beautiful girl
the highest mountain = +3 high
-=of
spr =spare
(g)＝ing
game=gm
footb= football baseb =baseball
/=or

games for(4) 2/4 pl,
4=for
2/4=2 or 4

like tennis, or golf. Sm pl like 2 prac . c spt like run(g)/swim(g).
Sm=some
Pl=people
2=to
prac= practice
. =a/an
indiv= individual
run(g)=running
swim(g).= swimming
/=or

Pl usually prac . Spt 4 at least 3 reason.
Pl= people
prac= practice

.=a
spt= sport

1st, ty enjoy it & 2st, ty feel . Nd 2 kp fit __ tt ty feel +2 after ty had sm exer.
1st= First,
ty= they
& = and
.Nd= need
kp= keep
_=in
-=of
tt=that
b+2= better
m+2=more
sm＝some
exer＝exercise
注意：Spot Dictation中少用符号

第一段缩写训练原文
Many people’s favorite hobby is sports. They spend much of their spare time playing team games like football or baseball, games for two or four people, like tennis, or golf. Some people like to practice an individual sport like running or swimming. People usually practice a sport for at least three reasons. First, they enjoy it and second, they feel a need to keep fit in that they feel better after they had some exercise.

二、 缩写4种方法：
1、 拿掉所有元音
Eg. market--------mkt
standard------std
message------msg
receive-------rcv

2、 保留开头几个字母
Eg. Information-----info
Insurance------Ins
Exchange-----exch
Individual-----indiv
The STDｎ – MKT
I RCV . MSG frm th indiv pl
I want to exch info with u

3、 保留开头和结尾
Eg. Week-----wk
Need----- nd
Meet------mt
Room-----rm

4、 根据发音
Eg. Are-------r
Though---tho
Through---thru

三、 缩写中的常用缩略词
Good----gd important---imp
Include---incd market-----mkt
Situation----sitn regular-----regl life=lf
Reference----ref necessary---ncry
Apartment----apt 　　　　apt 右上方加ｍ　ｍ表示ment后缀
according----acdg　　　　　　　 g=ing　　
Advertisement----ad advice----adv 　 amount —AMT
conform----cfm
Condition----cond 　　
Under no condition by no means
department-----dept
Explain----expln impossible----imps
Model---mdl
observe----obs
Ordinary----ord accept----acpt
Balance----bal cancel----cncl
Exchange---exch individual----indiv
Position----posn product----prod
Representative---rep repeat----rpt
Please----pls possible-----poss
Receive----rcv

练习部分　
this is a good important market
here is the necessary advice I want
I will accept the position as a manager
频率高的词用缩写
考试时尽量用学过的缩写，不要用太多

四、 地名简写：
Korea : K Sweden : SD Switzerland: SW
Australia: AA Israel : IS Italy : IT
Spain: SP
通常是提取国家单词的首字母

五、 缩写中较长单词的处理：
-ism---------m eg. Socialism　社会主义 S(m)　　local
-tion---------n eg. Standardization 原始化　 std(n)
凡是从原始动词延伸出来的各种形容词、名字、副词，只需写出动词，各种形式从缩写的右上方进行添加处理。
-ing----------g eg. Marketing mkt(g)
-ment-------mt eg. Amendment amend(mt)
-ble---------bl
注：遇到以able或ible为后缀的词，可以提取bl作为信息点写在这个词的右上方　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
eg. Available av(bl)
-ful---fl eg. Meaningful mn(fl)

复习一下：
缩写的四种方法是：
1、拿掉原因保留　　2、保留开头几个字母
3、保留开头和结尾　4、根据发音缩写

地名和较长单词的缩写方法

六、 本单元测试
But spt is not just 4 participants. Its 4 spect(o) too. M – pl all over the world spend hs every wk watch(g) spt event on tv, / at stadiums. Pl enjoy be(g) fans/suppo) – 1 team & many prof. are now as pop & fame as the +3 great Hollywd movie star.

逐句分析：
But spt is not just 4 participants.
But＝向上的箭头　或自己创造
spt＝sport
4＝for

注：遇到动词延伸的人称，可以写出动词后在右上角划一个圆圈
ｅｇ：
work(0)=worker
teach(0)=teacher
核心词compete及延伸词
compete=comp
comp(o)= competitor
comp(v)=competitive
注：缩写词右上方加v表示那些以ive结尾的形容词
comp (n)=competition
comp (g)=competing

Its 4 spect(o) too.
spect(o)= spectator

M – pl all over the world spend hs every wk watch(g) spt event on tv, / at stadiums.
M= millions
T=thousand
H= hundred
另一种用符号表示的方式
右上方加1个“′”＝thousand
右上方加2个“′”＝millions
右上方加3个“′”= trillion

–=of
pl= people
hs= hours
wk= week
watch(g)= watching
spt= sport
/= or

Pl enjoy be(g) fans/supp(o) – 1 team & many prof. are now as pop & fame as the +3 great Hollywd movie star。
Pl = People
be(g)= being
fans/ = “fans” or
supporter =supp(o)
–= of
1= one
team & many= team and many
prof.= professionals
pop= popular
fame= famous
&=and
the +3 great= the greatest

原文展示：
But sport is not just for participants. Its for spectators too. Millions of people all over the world spend hours every week watching sports events on television, or at stadiums. People enjoy being “fans” or “supporters” of one team and many professionals are now as popular and famous as the greatest Hollywood movie stars.

七、 第三单元学习方法综述
注意：每天做30分钟精听，用缩写的方式记忆听到的内容。

第四单元 听力中的音变现象和美语发音学习

一、单元综述：
本单元重点是张大嘴巴跟老师一起读，感受美语。练习我们的脸部肌肉，并体会美语发音的方式和技巧。

二、 美语发音：
1、4个双元音
美语音标最大的区别在于其中的元音，过去学过的元音是单元音，但美语中所学的是双元音
1）｛e｝－｛ei｝
age, game, day
sentence: More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
第一步把每个音发准
第二步加上声调
练习: It’s pay day today　今天是发工资的日子

2)｛o｝－｛ou｝结尾停在u
boat, note, so
美语发音的特点：尽量在口腔的后部把音发出来。
sentence: I hope so.
练习：He posed for a group of photo with his old fellows.
注：美语中常常对a和the进行变音，目的是为了强调
ｅｇ：
This is the best opportunity we ever have to enter the market.

3) ｛a｝－｛ai｝
bike, mine, flight
this bike of mine
sentence: All right.
注：all不要卷舌
练习：Out of sight, out of mind　眼不见，心不烦

4) how
out, now about
sentence: Let’ s get out of here.
It’s kind of tough.
It’s kind of torture to read mathematics everyday.
练习: This is out-and-out power politics. 这是彻头彻尾的强权政治

2、2个后元音
1)｛半圆两点｝
发音技巧：尽量往最里吞这个音
not, bottle, hot, job, hospital
sentence: It’s a promise.
练习：little red lorry 红色小卡车

2)｛ｕ｝
good ,book, should
sentence: She’s looking at a good book.
更多例子： new　 student　 attitude 　due
I am for this position.

3、辅音t的发音
writer, letter, better, city,

发音变化一：浊化

浊化原则1：ｔ处在非重读音节要浊化
如：writer, letter, better, city,

浊化原则2：ｔ处在重读音节不能浊化
如：Italian, attack, atomic, Latino, photographer

浊化对比：
Italy, attic（阁楼）
atom(原子), Latin, photograph

发音变化二：ｔ在词组中的发音变化：
练习：pick it up
I got it.
right away
发音变化三：ｔ发音的特殊情况：
当ｔ发的很快，就会变成ｎ的音
internet
interview
interesting
representative

发音变化四：失去爆破
right now, just now

发音变化五：ｔ的音从鼻子里出来（美音，英音都有的一种特殊情况）
Britain, mountain, fountain　

4、r的发音
1）r在单词中的发音
练习: Rolly rolled a round roll around the road.
spare, burglar, dirty, porch, more

2）r带动后面元音的发音
world 　girl　 pearl
The girls are the pearls in the world.

原则：只有字母r存在才能卷舌
经常发错的音：China, America, idea

三、美语中的变音现象
1、 连读
1) 相同辅音的连读
　bad dog　　注意：不可以把音节给吞掉，只是这个音节不发音
like candy　
ripe pear
some money
The report turned out to be totally false.这份报告完全是一派胡言。

2) 辅音＋元音
　　It’s easy. Where’s our car? Come on in. What time is it now?
Figure it out. for example

中高级口译中常常出现的连读词汇： of all ages
crude oil
a couple of
travel agency
your own
our own
set in motion

3) 元音＋元音
be on time
注：元音ｉ后面再跟一个元音两个元音间要加入一个“耶”的音
stay up

flow out
注：元音ｏ后面再跟一个元音，两个元音间要加入一个“我”的音
grow up
She works day in and day out.

连读小结：
相同辅音的连读
辅音＋元音的连读
元音＋元音的连读

2、失爆（吞读）
两个爆破音连接在一起时出现失爆（吞读）

什么是爆破音：p, b, k, g, t, d　
六个爆破音任何一个后面紧接着另一个爆破音或摩擦音或鼻音时，前一个爆破音将失去爆破。
lap top
great deal
good time
the Red Cross
a fast train
a big change
currently
probably
say it proudly and loudly
at last

3、缩读
and---n: Do you know Nancy and David? Tom and Jerry
are you---ya: Ya going to the movie tonight? What ya doing here?
缩读的原则：
1、 绝对不会是重点音节，不可以重读
2、 只能出现在非正式场合

do you----dy’a : how dy’a