语法标注解释1.doc

语法标注解释
[A]指该形容词须直接置于所修饰的单词之后。
Eg:(T)the president {elect}.
(F) the elect president./The president is elect.
[B]指该形容词只能置于所修饰的单词之前。
Eg:(T)the {front} garden
(F)The garden is front.
[C]可数名词，可以用a/an/one修饰，亦可加-(e)s构成复数，用few/many等修饰。
Eg:{a/one}cat/{a}desire/{an}apple
three book{s}/few factori{es}/many idea{s}
[D]通常不加the的名词。
Eg:Whitehall/Santa Claus
[E]指该形容词只用作或主要用作表语(predicative)，置于系动词之后。
Eg:(T)John is {drunk}.
(F)John is a drunk man.
[F]指后接单、复数动词均可的名词，如集合名词。
Eg:The Government {has} already made it clear./The Government {are} facing three crises.
△集合名词单数形后接动词，美式英语多用单数，英式英语则单、复数皆可。
[G]指该动词常用被动语态。
Eg:Please be seated.
[H]指只与单数动词或单数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是单数亦可是复数)。
Eg:Our clothing {protects} us from the cold./Physics {is} an interesting subject and I like {it} very much.
[I]指只与复数动词或复数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是复数亦可单数)。
Eg:What {are} his wages?/{These} jeans {are} pretty./All his cattle {were} grazing in the field.
[J]系动词(linking verb)。这类动词与后接的表语(predicative)一起表述主语的特征或状态。表语可以是形容词、名词、副词，或介词短语等。
1、系动词＋形容词
Eg:These apples taste nice.
2、系动词＋名词
Eg:The hall would make a good theater.
3、系动词＋副词
Eg:What's on tonight?
4、系动词＋介词短语
Eg:She looks like her sister.
5、系动词＋不定式
Eg:He appears to be sincere.
6、系动词＋动名词
Eg:The difficulty is not knowing what to do.
7、系动词＋从句
Eg:The biggest problem was that we didn't have enough funds.
[K]单复数同形。
Eg:This {sheep} looks small./All those {sheep} are ours.
[L]指该及物动词在宾语后尚须接副词或介词短语。
Eg:(T)The porter set the suitcase {down}./She set the child {in the chair}.
(F)The porter set the suitcase./She set the child.
1、动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
Eg:He gave me the book.
2、动词＋宾语＋有to的不定式
Eg:I asked him to help her.
3、动词＋宾语＋无to的不定式
Eg:We heard them talk in the next room.
4、动词＋宾语＋v-ing
Eg:I saw him walking across the street.
5、动词＋宾语＋that从句
Eg:He told me that the problem had been solved.
6、动词＋宾语＋wh-从句
Eg:They asked her why she was absent.
7、动词＋宾语＋过去分词
Eg:I'll have my car repaired.
8、动词＋宾语＋形容词
Eg:He considered her suitable for the job.
9、动词＋宾语＋名词
Eg:I considered it a great honor.
[M]指该词只用复数形。
Eg:The proportion of students in {arts} is high.
△指该词只用复数形式，须与the连用。
Eg:{The authorities} in Russia have refused to compromise.
△指该词常用复数形式。
Eg:meat and {vegetables}.
[N]指该不及物动词必须后接副词或介词短语。
Eg:(T)Phil behaved {rather oddly}./ The mob behaved {like animals}.
(F)Phil behaved./The mob behaved.
[O]指该形容词可与the一起构成名词。
Eg:{The poor} are getting poorer and poorer./{The deceased} left almost nothing to his wife.
[P]指该词只用单数形，通常与不定冠词连用。
Eg:Pride comes before {a fall}.
△指该词只用单数形式，通常与定冠词连用。
Eg:{The action} takes place in a small town.
△指该词常用单数形式。
Eg:They put him in a very difficult {position}.
[Q]不可数名词。通常不与a/an/one连用，无复数后接单数动词，用little/much等修饰。
Eg:{little} water/{a lot of} salt/{some} furniture/Air {is} a mixture of gases.
[R]指该动词通常不用进行式。
Eg:(T)He {knows} how to swim.
(F)He is knowing how to swim.
[S]指该动词的宾语不可以是一个名词或代词，但可以是从句或其他短语。
Eg:{Then}, she added that she would call him again.
[T] 指该形容词无比较级和最高级。
Eg:(T)a {dead} man
(F)a deader man/the deadest man
[U]指该词可后接if引导的从句。
Eg:Do you mind if I smoke?
[V]指该动词可以后接v-ing。
Eg:Don tried to avoid answering her questions.
[W]指该词常后接由某介词引导的短语或某副词,圆括号表示也可不接。用于及物动词时,表示在宾语后可接该介词引导的短语或副词,但也可不接。
1、动词
Eg:We are talking (about the plan)./I love wandering (about)./Will you add some wood (to
the fire)?/We saw him off (at the station).
2、名词
Eg:They had a long talk (with them).
3、形容词
Eg:She seemed tired (of his preaching).
[X]指该词可后接that从句，圆括号表示that可省略。
1、动词
Eg:I think (that) he is wrong.
2、名词
Eg:The reason (that) she didn't get the job was that her French was not good enough.
3、形容词
Eg:I am afraid (that) Tony won't come.
[Y]指该词可后接to-v。
1、动词
Eg:Mary wants to see you.
2、名词
Eg:The little girl has the ability to read and write.
3、形容词
Eg:I was glad to hear it.
[Z] 指该词可后接what,why,when,where,who,whether,how等引导的从句或短语。
1、动词
Eg:I wonder what really happened./I don't know how to swim.
2、名词
Eg:You have no idea how worried I was./I had no idea what to say to him.
3、形容词
Eg:I am not sure where she lives./We wonder whether to go or not.