高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解主旨大意题解题指导.doc

2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：阅读理解主旨大意题解题指导
a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax(蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this max, which is deep inside the bee’s nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person ad it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
59. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Wild Bees
B. Wax and Honey
C. Beekeeping in Africa
D. Honey-Lover's Helper
[点拨] D 短文谈的是可以帮助寻蜜者寻找蜂蜜的鸟类，最佳标题应该是D选项。因此，正确答案为D选项。
例2 （2012全国II）Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.
If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.
44. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical advice.
C. To tell an interesting story. D. To present a research result.
[点拨] B 主旨大意题。有第一段最后一句话There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.及二、三段可知选B。
[小试牛刀]
I. 段落练习
Exercise 1
　 Some people like to go to beach or a lake for recreation. They enjoy the swimming or boating that is available there. Other people, especially in the hot summer, prefer clean air and cool mountain breezes. Some people like excitement and entertainment. They got to shows and nightclubs. Still other people find that staying home with the family and enjoying the togetherness of spending time with loved ones is the most pleasurable experience of all.
Question :
Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
　　A. People enjoy different kinds of recreation.
　　B. Some people like staying at home with their families.
　　C. Some people love swimming and boating.
　　D. Some people are richer than others.
When the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level. In low visibility situations, however, the eye and other orientation senses, such as our sense of
Question: This passage mainly tells us_________.
　　A. how Americans show respect to others
　　B. how Japanese show respect to their American acquaintances
　　C. Americans and Japanese have different ways of showing respect
　　D. Japanese are not satisfied with American casual behavior
Exercise 5
A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest on Tuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. “Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!” said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China’s most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission(国家教委) as the country’s biggest and best contest of its kind.
Question: This news story is mainly about ______.
A. when the contest started                     
B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
II. 篇章练习
Exercise
In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?”
H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel”, a tunnel connecting England and France, is now complete.
But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground system, called “Alice Cities.” The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome(太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city.
Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells’ “moon people” would agree. Would you?
What would be the best title for the text?
A. Alice Cities—cities of the future       B. Space travel with H.G. Wells
C. Enjoy living underground                D. Building down, not up
1. 寻找主题句确定文章主题
在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小。精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。在选择标题时，要注意三点：第一：要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；第二：再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；第三：要注意题目是过大还是过小。
[答案速递]
I. 1. A 。短文中没有主题句，通过仔细阅读全文，从例证关系来分析，本文的主题思想应归纳为：People enjoy different kinds of recreation. 因此，A为正确答案。
2. A 。上面这段话的主题句位于本段的中间：The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cost American autoworkers their jobs as some experts expected. 据此，此题的正确答案应为A.。
3. C。　四项选择中A项和D项内容太具体，不能概括段落的主旨思想。B项内容又太笼统，超出了作者的原意。只有C项才准确地概括出段落的主旨思想。
4. D 。这一篇短文前几句只讲述了具体情况，均不具备主题句的特征，只有最后一句话是概括性的、总结性的，因此本段的最后一句是主题句，故正确答案是D。
5. D这是一篇报道，文章的第一段只有两句话：“20个学生(2女18男)有充分的理由为自己感到自豪，因为他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛的金奖，是4百万参赛学生中的佼佼者”，下文接着对竞赛的有关情况进行报道，因此，第一段实际上就是这篇报道的主题句。A、B、C分别只包含了报道的部分信息，显然不合题意；D选项与主题句的意思完全一致，因此是正确答案。
II. D。文章以月球人的问题Why are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space? 引起话题，接着讲叙了人类目前对地下空间的利用现状，结尾以地下空间开发的支持者的话点题 building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space。A选项只是本文话题的部分意思，不是主要话题；B选项与文章的意思无关；文章主要是讲地下空间的开发利用，而不是讲如何享受地下生活，因此C选项与文章的主题也无关；D选项符合文章的主要内容，与主题句的意思一致，因此，是该题的正确答案。
[单词百宝箱]
brew n. 调制,酿造
He brewed cups of thick Turkish coffee.他调制了几杯很浓的土耳其咖啡。
ingredients n. (混合物的)组成部分; 配料; 构成要素,因素
Flour and fat are the most important ingredients.面粉和油脂是最重要的配料。
breeze n. 微风,轻风
It was steaming hot; there was no breeze at all.天气闷热,一点风也没有。
insatiable adj. 不知足的, 贪求无厌的
The young man has an insatiable hunger for knowledge.这个年轻人有着一副永不满足的求知欲。
orientation n. 方向,目标 
The winding trail caused the hikers to lose their orientation.蜿蜒的小径使徒步旅行者迷失了方向。
insult v. vt. 侮辱,辱骂
You will insult her if you don't go to her party.你要是不去参加她举办的聚会,就对她太无礼了。
acquaintance n. . 熟人
We talked as if we were old acquaintances.我们就好像是老相识般谈话。
rung n.地位, 横档
Hard work and long hours are rungs in the ladder of success. 刻苦努力和孜孜不倦是成功的阶梯。
wilderness n. n. 荒野, 茫茫一片, 大量, 荒地
The surrounding country is a wilderness of sand. 周围是茫茫一片砂石地。
[时文阅读]
Traditional forms of work also changed. Some people were better at performing a particular task than other clan members, so then began to specialize in things they were good at doing. This also meant that they began to exchange their goods for things that others produced.
People began to communicate with distant tribes. Land was cleared for roads. Foreign plants and animals were transported to places where they had not existed before. Specialization also give people more free time. So art ,dance and music became important ways of expressing feelings and thoughts. This was how many great civilizations started.
Compared to the past, modern civilization has experienced many changes to become the highly developed society that exists today. Populations have increased rapidly. Forests have been cleared for farms. Inventions and technology have made work easier.
However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress. As concerned citizens, it is up to us to learn from past mistakes and to help maintain and improve our environment.
1 Early tribes didn’t have much effect on animal population because_____
A .they kept animals for themselves B they ate only vegetables
C they loved animals D they killed only enough for food
2 The main purpose for small clans to join together was_____
A to hurt animals B to seek safety
C to share caves D to protect environment
3 According to the passage ,we can learn that_____
A early people moved to new places looking for new sources of food
B modern civilization began when people started to live together in big groups
C modern advancements are always good for the environment
D people began to exchange goods because they didn’t have enough money
4 It can be concluded from the passage that_____
A human progress has brought civilization to the society
B civilization has improved traditional forms of work
C early people understood environmental protection
D our environment has been affected by human progress