GCT英语核心词汇解析9.19.doc

GCT英语核心词汇 解析
01． abandon:
基本含义及其用法：
（1） ~ sb：放弃，抛弃不顾义务，忠诚或责任而不予支持或帮助；遗弃：
Never abandon our friend in trouble. 永远不要置朋友于危难之中而不顾。
(2) ~ sth：离弃，丢弃，通过离开、停止操作或不再居住而放弃，特别是危险或迫近的威胁所导致的结果：
The captain made the tough decision that they abandon the ship. 船长做出艰难的决定：弃船。-
(3) abandon doing 放弃做某事：
He abandoned smoking.
(4)~oneself to (doing) sth: 使自己沉湎于（做）……
After they departed, he abandoned himself to drinking: 自从他们分手以后，他就一直沉湎于醉酒。（从这个意义上，abandon还可以用作名词，意思是“狂热”）
He abandoned himself to despair, to some extent. 从某种意义上说，他自暴自弃了。

近义词：
give up： give up doing 联想：quit
desert ：（形近词）联想：deserve (应得(惩罚或者奖赏): you deserve it!)；dessert 餐后甜点
复习提醒：从2003到2006年的GCT考试中这个词还没有作为考点出现过，引起重视的程度为*****

02． access
基本含义及其用法
1. 通道，入口，出口，
2. The main access to (= entrance to) the building
3. 使用途径接近、进入、出去或使用的方法手段；通道
4. The only access to the village is by boat. 进入村庄唯一的途径就是驾船。
（2） The right to approach, enter, exit, or make use of:接近权，享用权，出入权接近、进入、出去或使用的权力：
5. has access to the restricted area; has access to classified material. 有权进入禁区/使用已归类的材料;To obtain access to (data or processes). 接近，进入获得接触（数据或程序）的途径
6. The tax inspector had/gained complete access to the company files
同类词汇/词形变异
accessible:

The resort is easily accessible by road, rail and air. (Be reached easily)
Covent Garden has made some attempt to make opera accessible to a wider public. (Be understood easily)
accessibility:
Two new roads are being built to increase accessibility to the town centre.
The accessibility of her plays (= the fact that they can be understood) means that she is able to reach a wide audience.

复习提醒
这个词需要注意两点：1、作为名词时候，所搭配的介词to; 2、与have/gain/obtain构成词组所具有的含义。
该词在从2003到2006年的GCT考试中出现过3次：
200409（表示2004年第9题，下同）.
The ATMs enable bank customers to access their money 24 hours a day and seven days a week _____ ATMs are located.
A. wherever B. whenever C. however D. whatever
200517
access 先是出现在阅读理解的文章中“In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail message and access the Internet.”随后又出现在该篇阅读理解的题目里：
17. It is stated in the passage that Russia and China _______ .
A. ordinary telephone service is available everywhere
B. people prefer mobile phone to ordinary telephones
C. mobile are used in places without ordinary telephone
D. people use mobiles to send e-mail and access the Internet

03． accompany
基本含义及其用法
同类词汇

company:

wine accompnies the meal
coexist
accomplice:同谋

复习提醒
04． accurate
基本含义及其用法
1、来自拉丁语accurate，其中词根cura是“注意”的意思，因为只有细心“注意”，才能做到准确
2、Conforming exactly to fact; errorless
同类词汇
accurate correct exact 均含“正确的”意思。
accurate 表示“准确的”,精确的”,指“通过努力, 使事情达到正确”, 如:
She gave an accurate account of the accident.
她对事故做了准确的描述。
Is this watch accurate?
这只表走得准么？（表走得是否准，暗含有人工校对的意思）
correct 为一般用语, 指“正确的”, 如:
He gave correct answers to the questions.
他对这些问题提出了正确的答案。
exact 表示“确切的”,“精确无误的”,指“与事实完全相符”, 如:
His answer is quite exact.
他的回答完全正确。
注意，这三个词的反义词构成均是在它们前面加上否定前缀in:
inaccurate incorrect inexact

accurate: accurately
复习提醒

05． accuse
基本含义及其用法
控告: to charge with a crime or error.
accuse sb of sth
The police accused him of murder.
警方指控他谋杀。
The police accused him of stealing.
警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。
They accused him of taking bribes.
他们控告他受贿。
Mary was accused as an accomplice.
玛丽被指控为同谋犯。
Tom was accused as a murderer.
汤姆被指控为杀人犯。

同类词汇
charge:
The police charged him with car theft. 警方以偷车罪指控他。
Critics charged the writer with a lack of originality. 评论家指责这位作家缺少独创性
[charge 的另外一种含义：（与to, up to连用）记账；在帐册等上记入…
Don't forget to charge the money of the shoes to my account别忘了把买鞋的钱记在我的帐上。]

复习提醒

06． acute
基本含义及其用法
1、尖的，尖锐的有尖点或尖端的Having a sharp point or tip.（从物理的角度）
2、敏锐的、聪明的：Keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating（引申）
acute observers:敏锐的观察者
an acute sense of smell:敏锐的嗅觉；to have acute hearing: 拥有敏锐的听觉
3、严重的；关键的、决定性的：Of great importance or consequence; crucial: （引申）
acute shortage of food:严重缺乏食物
4、acute disease: 急性病；acute patient: 急性病人
5、an acute angle: 锐角（an obtuse angle:钝角）

07． acquire
基本含义及其用法
1、获得；取得
She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.
她认真学习而精通英语。
Some people go back for their education to acquire another degree or diploma to impress the society.
有些人回到学校去接受教育,是想再取得一个学位或一张文凭,以增强自己在社会上的地位。
2、拥有；得到
Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born.
抽烟喝酒往往是一种后天习得的嗜好,并不是生来就有的。

同类词汇
obtain / get
acquisition n 获得，获得物
复习提醒

08． adapt
基本含义及其用法
1、顺应、适应To make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation. （使适合，使适应某种特定用法或状况； ）
adapt to
使适应；使适合
adapt oneself to
He adapted himself to the cold weather/ the change.
adapted themselves to city life; 使他们适应城市生活；
When he moved to Canada, the children adapted to the change very well.
他移居加拿大后孩子们很能适应变化。
2、改编；改装
Here is a letter adapted from Lincoln Burrow,
这里摘登一封Lincoln Burrow的回信,
同类词汇
can't accommodate myself to the new requirements; 不能使自己适应新的要求；
adjusting their behavior to the rules; 调整他们的行为以适应法规；
conforming her life to accord with her moral principles; 调整她的生活使之与她的道德标准相符；
made the punishment fit the crime; 使刑罚与罪状相符；
couldn't reconcile his reassuring words with his hostile actions.
他的令人恢复信心的话与他充满敌意的行为不相一致

复习提醒
09． adequate
adj
1、足够的
We took adequate food for the holiday.
我们为假期带足食品。
The supply is not adequate to the demand.
供不应求。
An adequate water supply for city people is already a problem no government can take lightly.
给城市供给充足的水源已经成为所有政府不能掉以轻心的问题。

2、恰当的；胜任的
I hope you will prove adequate to the job.
我希望你能胜任这工作。
3、尚可的；差强人意的
The performance was adequate.
表演还算可以。
10． affect
基本含义及其用法
To have an influence on or effect a change in: 影响影响或使发生变化：
Inflation affects the buying power of the RMB.
通货膨胀影响美元的购买能力
Smoking affects health.
吸烟影响健康。
To affect [x] is to act upon a person's emotions:
The adverse criticism the book received didn't affect the author one way or another.
对这本书的敌对性评论丝毫没有影响该作家。

（使）感动
deeply affected by the news
深深被这消息所感动

同类词汇
Influence implies a degree of control or sway over the thinking and actions, as well as the emotions, of another:
influence 所表示的影响包含着“力量”，比如“他是个有影响的人物”。有时它包含着“诱使”的意思。
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.
谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。
复习提醒
11． annoy
基本含义及其用法
To cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts.
使生气，使烦恼用烦人的，通常是重复性的行为使（别人）生气
To harass or disturb by repeated attacks.
打搅，干扰，扰乱用屡次的攻击使人厌烦或打扰
annoy with sb生…的气
annoy at sth讨厌某事
be annoyed with sb. for /at sth.
对(某人)为(某事)而生气
We're annoyed at his arrogant treatment of his old friends.
他用这种傲慢的态度对待老朋友,我们都感到气愤。

同类词汇
bother
irritate
复习提醒
12． annual
基本含义及其用法
1、每年的，年度的每年循环或举行一次的：Recurring, done, or performed every year; yearly:
an annual trip to Paris.一年一度的巴黎之行；annual ring：年轮
2、全年的、一年的Of, relating to, or determined by a year
an annual income 年收入/ an annual report:年度报告
3、年刊，年鉴(monthly 月刊 daily 日报)
同类词汇
yearly
复习提醒

13． alter
基本含义及其用法
1、变更、修饰To change or make different; modify:
We've had to alter some of our plans.
Although long-distance phone calls are going up, the charge for local calls will not alter.
Giving up our car has radically altered our lifestyle.
2、修改衣服改（服装）使之更为合身To adjust (a garment) for a better fit.
I took the coat back to the shop to have it altered.

同类词汇
change;adjust

复习提醒

特别注意：alternation
Successive change from one thing or state to another and back again.
交替从一种事物或状态变为另一种事物或状态并再变回来的一系列变化
the alternation of crops
作物的轮种
the alternation of day and night
日夜的交错
14． apparatus
基本含义及其用法
1、（指有专门用途的成套）仪器、器械、设备、装置
alarming apparatus: 报警装置
2、（政府）机构
the state apparatus: 政府机构
同类词汇
equipment
office equipment 办公室设备

复习提醒
15． apparent
基本含义及其用法
1、 可看见的
2、 显然的、明白的=obvious
3、 看似的，表面上的
an apparent disadvantage:表面上的劣势
apparent difference: 表面上的差异
同类词汇
obvious
apparently

复习提醒

16． appoint
基本含义及其用法：
任命、约定、预定
appointed her the CEO of the company.
任命她为公司的执行总裁.
Appoint a date for the meeting: 指定一个会议时间

同类词汇
appointment：约会、制定
Do you have any appointment this weekend?
Disappoint:使失望、使扫兴
Geoffrey was a little disappointed by this but he did as his boss asked.
"杰弗里因此感到有点扫兴,但他还是按照老板的要求做了。"
disappointed:感到失望的
disappointmenr:失望

复习提醒

17． appropriate
基本含义及其用法
适当的；合体的=proper
be appropriate for
A dirty face is not appropriate for the school photograph.
脸脏了不适合照学生像。

Vt.
1、拨出（款项）作特殊用途
to appropriate funds for education

2、挪用（未经许可）
Lee always appropriated my books and never returned it.
Lee 经常擅自拿走我的书本，并且从不归还。

同类词汇
复习提醒
与形近字的辨析：
appreciate:感激
approximate:近似的，大约的

18． arouse
基本含义及其用法
唤醒；鼓励；引起
The odd sight aroused our curiosity.
怪异的景象激起了我们的好奇心。
（=provoke）provoke sb.'s interest 引起某人兴趣
arouse suspicion:引起猜疑
arouse sb’s enthusiasm:激发某人的热情
(=stir up )The story stirred the boy’s imagination.
同类词汇

复习提醒
形近词辨析
arise
raise
rose
arouse
19． assess
基本含义及其用法
1、估价、估计
（=evaluate） damages were assessed at 1000 RMB.
损失估计达一千元人民币。

Assess one’s efforts：评价某人的工作
2、对某人(的财产)征税：
assess a tax on sb’s property.

同类词汇
复习提醒
形近词；access
衍生词：assessable:可估定的、可评价的
20． assume
基本含义及其用法
1、（自己）承担
（= take upon oneself）to assume responsibility: 承担责任
assume another’s debts:承继别人的债务
assume office:就职
2、假设、假定
（=suppose）He is not a fool as you assumed to be.他并不想你想的那么傻。.
Assume the price will rise
Suppose we win the lottery.假设我们赢了彩票。
同类词汇
assumption:假设
形近词：
consume：消费
consumption
resume:重新开始；回复
resumption:

复习提醒

21． astonish
基本含义及其用法
（感到）惊讶、震惊
I am astonished at what I found.我对我之所见感到震惊。

同类词汇
surprise
astound
amaze
shock
衍生词
astonishment
amazement
surprise

复习提醒

22． attempt
基本含义及其用法
基本含义：努力、尽力
用法：常常与to 连用
I attempted to finish the whole novel in one sitting.
我试图一口气看完这本小说。
An astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it.
一名宇航员将试着离开停着的宇宙飞船,然后再回到里面去。
同类词汇
try hard
endeavor:
endeavored to improve the quality of life: 努力改善生活品质
to make an effort.
复习提醒
名词与动词同形：attempt
an attempt on one’s life:对某人生命的攻击
she made an attempt to cook the dinner for her husband.

23． attached to
基本含义及其用法:
加上；连上；附上
attach label to parcel
给包裹贴标签

Very little prestige attaches to this position.
几乎没有什么尊严属于这个职位

依恋；喜欢
He is very attached to that old picture.
他很喜欢那幅旧画。

I am attached to my family.
我对我的家依依不舍

24． bankrupt
基本含义及其用法
go out of business; unable to pay one’s debts.
Many small businesses went bankrupt during the recession.
经济萧条期间，许多小企业都破产了。
The company went bankrupt because of its poor management.
那家公司因经营管理不善而宣告破产。
复习提醒
名词形式：bankruptcy
bankrupt 以及它的名词形式bankruptcy在历次GCT考试中未曾出现。应该重视。

25． belong to
基本含义及其用法
1、 belong to sth: to be a member of a group or an organization.
Mary belongs to the football club.
玛丽是足球俱乐部的（成员）。
2、 belong to sb: to be the property of sb; be owned by sb属于；
It has belonged to our family for many years.
这个东西成为我们家的家产已经很多年了。
复习提醒
1、 belong to 没有被动用法，某物属于某人不能使用be belonged to这样的形式。
2、 belongs:名词，财物，尤其是指随身携带的财物。
Have an eye on your belongs, please. 请注意您的随身物品。
3、 GCT历年真题中未出现过此考点。

26． benefit --- get sth. better from
基本含义及其用法
n.
1、helpful/kindly deed; 益处、善事
It is said jogging is of great benefit to human health.
据说慢跑对于人的身体健康很有裨益。
What the mother did is for the children’s benefit.
2、津贴、救济金
The company provides medical benefits.
这家公司提供医疗津贴。
vi.
benefit from 从……获益
The whole country benefits from the skilled and educated workers.
vt.
to help someone:对……有利
The policy changes mainly benefit cities of the West.
同类词汇
反义词：damage
复习提醒
GCT历年真题中未出现过此考点
27． blast --- explode
基本含义及其用法
vt.
炸开
They've blasted away the rock to build the new road.
explode(explosion)
短语：
1、At full blast: 全力以赴
He was working at full blast in order to complete the order before the holidays.
他正在全力以赴地工作，以期在假期前把定单上的事情处理完。
2、Full blast最大量
played the stereo at full blast.
3、Blast off:发射
To take off, as a rocket
复习提醒
GCT历年真题中未出现过此考点
28． block --- stand in the way
基本含义及其用法
1、To stop or impede the passage of or movement through;
妨碍，封锁，阻塞阻止或妨碍…穿越或移动；阻碍：
The police have blocked the road.
警察已经封锁了道路。
My nose is all blocked up and I can hardly breathe.
我鼻子塞了,气都透不过来。
2、n\障碍
to put up a road block
设置路障
Recently the professor often has a memory block.
近来教授常常出现记忆不起的情况。

同类词汇
obstruct:
复习提醒
2005GCT21--25阅读理解的文章中出现一次。用作动词，相当于obstruct.
29． boast --- exaggerate
基本含义及用法
1、自夸；
We confide in our strength, without boasting of it; we respect that of others, without fearing it.
我们自信于 自己的力量，这并非自夸；我们也重视别人的力量，但并不畏惧.
It is nothing to boast of.
这没有什么可夸耀的。
=brag: He bragged that his father was the most successful stockbroker on Wall Street.他吹嘘说他父亲是华尔街最成功的股票经纪人。
2、以拥有……而自豪
The town boasts four swimming pools.
这座城镇以拥有四个游泳池而自豪。
The library boasts first edition of Shakespeare.
这个图书馆以藏有初版的莎士比亚集而自豪

复习提醒
历年GCT考试中尚未出现此考点。
30． browse
基本含义及用法
1、 To inspect something in a leisurely and casual way: --- 随意观看：browsing the gift shops for souvenirs. 漫步礼品店搜寻纪念品
2、 go over quickly：To read something superficially by selecting passages at random: 浏览文章：browsed the evening paper浏览晚报;
3、 放牧、吃草 =feed; graze
复习提醒
历年GCT考试中尚未出现此考点。
31． bunch of -- group of
基本含义及用法
1、a bunch of grapes; 一串葡萄 a bunch of keys环上的一串钥匙a bunch of flowers
一束花
=cluster
2、n. A group of people usually having a common interest or association: 一帮，一伙有共同兴趣或合作关系的一群人：
My brother and his bunch are basketball fanatics.
我兄弟和他的伙伴们都是篮球迷
复习提醒
历年GCT考试中尚未出现此考点。
32． burst ---- blast explode
基本含义及用法
v.
To come open or fly apart suddenly or violently, especially from internal pressure.
爆裂，炸破突然或剧烈的开裂或炸开，尤指由内部压力而引起的
To explode.
使爆炸
突然…
burst out laughing; burst into tears.突然大笑起来；突然哭起来
To emerge, or arrive suddenly: 突然地出现、发生或到达
burst out of the door突然出现在门边
To come apart or seem to come apart because of overwhelming emotion:
由于不可抑制的情感而爆发：
I thought his heart would burst with happiness.
我猜想他心中的快乐快要爆发出来

复习提醒:历年GCT考试中尚未出现此考点。
33． cancel --- remove
基本含义及用法
To annul or invalidate. 取消，使无效
The sport meeting is cancelled because of the bad weather.
She cancelled her order.她取消了订单。
To equalize or make up for; offset: 抵消，中和补偿或弥补；抵消
Today's decline in stock price canceled out yesterday's gain.
今天股票价格下跌，抵消了昨天的收益
复习提醒：历年GCT考试中尚未出现此考点。
34． capture
基本含义及用法
1、捕获
The criminal was captured when trying to escape from the city.
罪犯在企图逃离这座城市时被捕获。
=catch/.arrest/seize
2、记录；以影片、文字等保存原状
The state visit by the premier captured the headlines of all newspapers.
总理的国事访问各报都用大标题登出。
In his traveling report, he tried to capture the beauty of the Great Waterfalls.
他努力在他的这篇游记中记录下大瀑布的美
复习提醒:2003GCT31—40,完型填空中出现一次。
35． casual
基本含义及用法
1、Suited for everyday wear or use; informal.
轻便的，非正式的适于每日穿着或使用的；非正式的
Casual clothing.便装
He was wearing casual clothes, not his school ones. 他穿着他的便服，不是他的校服。
2、ccurring at irregular or infrequent intervals; occasional: 临时的，偶然发生的：
casual labourer 临时工
3、非预谋的；随便的：
a casual remark.即席发言；a casua