七年级下册英语语法.doc

(完整版)七年级下册英语语法七年级下册英语语法：一情态动词的用法（1） Can情态动词can有一定的词义，但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下: 1.表示”能、会”,指脑力或体力方面的”能力”。例如: I can speak English.我会讲英语. Jim can swim but I cant.吉姆会游泳,但我不会. 2。表示可能，常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。例如: Han Mei cant be in the classroom。韩梅不可能在教室里。 Can he come here today， please？请问他今天能到这里来吗？ 3.表示可以”,常用于口语中，指许可或请求做某事。例如： Can I have a cup of tea, please?请问我可以喝一杯茶吗? You can go out.你可以出去了? 补充： can在口语中可以代替may,表示许可或可以。 cant在口语中代替mustnt时,表示禁止或不准.例如： You cant play football in the street。不准在马路上踢足球。 情态动词can的过去式could,用于现在时，可使语气更委婉、更客气。例如： Could you help me with my English?你能帮助我学习英语吗？ 情态动词can的基本句型 1。肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如: They can play basketball。他们能打篮球. She can dance.她会跳舞。 You can go to watch TV.你可以去看电视了。 2.否定句型为:主语+can not(cant/cannot)+动词原形+其它。表示”某人不能(不会.不可能）做”。其中cant是can not的缩略式，英国多写成cannot。例如： You cannot pass the ball like this.你不能像这样传球。 I cant ride a motorbike.我不会骑摩托车。 3.疑问句句型分为：一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型. 一般疑问句句型为:Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示”某人会（能。可以）做吗？，用于口语时,常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用”Yes,主语+can。作答；否定答语用”No，主语+cant.”作答.注意答语中作主语的人称代词，应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问，则第一人称答；第三人称问，第三人称答。例如: -Can you sing an English song for us？你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗？ Yes.行。(注意在Yes后面常省略I can) Can I skate?我可以滑冰吗？ -Yes, you can。可以. Can she climb hills？她能爬山吗? -No， she cant。不，她不能. 特殊疑问句句型为：a。 Who+can+动词原形+其它.该句型中who相当于主语。例如: Who can sing in English in your class？你们班上谁会用英语唱歌? Lily can。莉莉会。 b。特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用how many， how much等。例如： -How many boats can you see in the river?你能看见河中有多少只船吗? Only one boat.仅有一只. c。特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what, where， when等，一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如： What can you see in the picture?你能在图画中看到什么？ I can see some birds and two big trees in it.我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树。 。 单项选择(15分） （ ）1. My sister likes playing the guitar, but she cant play _. A. nice B. good C。 well （ ）2。 Are you good _ swimming? Yes， and I think I can help kids _ it。 A. with； in B。 with； with C。 at； with 3. He wants _ the English club. A. to join B. to be C。 be in （ ）4。 My father cant play _ basketball. He can play _ piano. A. the； the B. /； the C。 the; / ( ）5. Why do you want to _ the English club? Because Mr Li in the club is good _ us. A。 have； with B。 join; with C. join； at （ ）6。 My brother doesnt like playing basketball _ watching TV. A。 and B。 but C. or ( ）7。 Can you speak Chinese， Tom? Yes, but only _。 A. lots of B. many C。 a little （ ）8。 -_ do you want to join? The music club. A. What club B. When C. What （ ）9。 Hi!Can I help you？ _. I want to join the club。 A。 No, thanks a lot B。 Great C。 Yes, please （ ）10. _? He can do Chinese kung fu well. A。 Can he do Chinese kung fu B。 What can he do C. Does he want to join the Chinese kung fu club （ ）11. -What can you do？ -I can _. A。 play the guitar B. play violin C. swimming D. join the club ( ）12. -Can Tom help kids _ swimming？ -Yes, can。 A. x B. with C. for D. to （ )13. _ do you want to join the chess club？ -Because I like chess very much. A. Who B。 How C。 Why D。 What ( )14。 What is the first day of the week? A. Monday B. Friday C. Saturday D。 Sunday （ )15. I can swim well.I want to join the _ club。 A music B chess C swimming D、musician 1 Gina wants to j _ the music club。 2Can you s _ English？ 3I can play the guitar but cant play the p _.4。Can you h _ kids with swimming?用所给单词适当形式填空 41。Can you help kids with _（dance）？ Yes，I can. 42. They want_ （join)the baseball club。 43。Can you _（sing）? 44.The girl likes music。She wants to be a _ （music). 45.Do you want to join the_ (swim）club？ 46。Are you good with_ （kid),Jim? 47He wants to join the_（dance） club。 48.She can _ （play) basketball。 49。She can help _（I） with _ （I） English. 50. I need _ (buy) a pen？ 现在进行时1. 定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。常与now, these days等时间状语连用，句首有 Look ！ / Listen !等提示语. Im visiting my friends now. Look! He is sitting there. 2.基本结构：be动词(am ,is ,are） +动词的现在分词构成（动词-ing） 肯定句: be + doing 否定句: be + not doing 一般疑问句：Be动词提前到句子开头 +主语+doing 记忆口诀： 现在进行主动宾，be +动词-ing要记清; 助动词（am, is ，are) 跟着主语变， am, is ，are + -ing； 变疑问，助动词（am, is ,are) 后主语跟, 变否定，助动词（am， is ，are） 后not跟。 例句： 肯定句： I am working. He is working。 They are working。 否定句： I am not working. He is not working. They are not working. 疑问句:Are you working? Is he working？ Are they working？ 回 答：Yes， I am 。 Yes, he is. Yes, they are。 No, Im not. No, he isnt. No， they arent. 注意:现在进行时的特殊用法： 1）现在进行时与always 连用时，往往含有赞扬、厌恶、责备等感情色彩。 如： He is always working hard。他总是非常努力地工作。(表示赞扬) 2）come, go, begin， start， leave 等动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作. She is leaving China tomorrow。 Im going to school。 3. 现在分词的变法规则： 当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下： 一）一般在后加ing。如： sing-singing， see-seeing, playplaying， gogoing， do-doing， 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing.如：write-writing, have-having, come coming 来 ；close - closing关 ；make making 制造ride riding 骑; write - writing 写 ；take taking 拿走 ； have having 有 ; 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing.如:put-putting, run-running, getgetting, let-letting, begin-beginning; sit sitting ；cut cutting 切 ；shop-shopping 购物;begin-beginning 开始 forget-forgetting忘记；stop-stopping 停止travel-travelling 旅行；beginbeginning 开始； swim-swimming 游泳；runrunning跑步; putputting放；letletting让；get-getting得到 四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 现在进行时态专项练习 一、 写出下列动词的现在分词形式 stay _ do _ listen _ forget _ refuse_ close_ travel_ die_ work_ spend _ look _ make _put _ sit _ run _ tie_ take _ give _ ride _ please _ win _ begin _ open_ lie_ 二、 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Mary and Lucy are _ (dance) now。 2. Listen! Someone is _ （play） the piano in the next room. 3。 He is _ （sweep) the floor at the moment. 4. Look ! The cat _ _ (eat) the fish on the table. 5。 A: _ you _ (study) French ?B: Yes ， I am。 6。 She often _ (dance） after school。 7。 My father and mother _ _ (swim） in the pond. 8。 My sister is _ (fly） a kite in the garden. 9. We are _ (watch) TV now。 10。Be quiet ! The baby _ _ (sleep） now. 三 单选 1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework. A. is helping B。 are help C。 is help D。is helpping 2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room。 A .Who B .How C。What D.Where 3、 Dont talk here。 My mother _. A。 is sleeping B 。are sleeping C. Sleeping D .sleep 4 、Danny _. Dont call him。 A。 is writeing B 。is writing C.writing D .writes 5 、When_he_back？ Sorry， I dont know. A. does,come B。are coming C.is come D。is coming 6。 Who _ over there now? A。 singing B. are sing C。 is singing D. sing 7. Its eight oclock。 The students _ an English class。 A。 have B. having C. is having D. are having 8。 Listen！ The baby _ in the next room. A。 crying B。 cried C. is crying D. cries 9。 Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A。 are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D。 is wearing 10. Dont talk here。 Grandparents _。 A. is sleeping B。 are sleeping C。 sleeping D。 sleep 11。 Tom is a worker。 He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A。 work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works 12. Who _ English best in your class？ A. speak B. speaks C。 Speaking13。 Mrs. Read _ the windows every day。 A. is cleaning B。 clean C。 cleans 14。 We _ music and often _ to music。 A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C。 like/ are listening 15. She _ up at six in the morning。 A。 get B. gets C. getting 16. On Sundays he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping. A。 wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C。 washes/ does 17。 The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it。 A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have 语法一般过去时句式一、一般过去时的概念: 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year， yesterday， in 1990, two days ago等;也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often， always等频率副词连用。 例如： I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了. Li Mei always went to school on foot last year。 去年李梅总是步行上学。 二、一般过去时的构成： 1. be动词的一般过去时的构成： 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余人称用were 例如： I was ten years old at that time。 There were many people standing in front of the door. 2. 实义动词的一般过去时的构成： (1) 规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则： 一般在动词原形末尾直接加上ed。如:look-looked work-worked jumpjumped stay-stayed 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d。 如:live-lived close-closed dance-danced 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母,再加ed。 如：stopstopped shop-shopped prefer-preferred 末尾是辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加ed。 如：study-studied try-tried (2) 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 如：am（is)-was are-were go-went come-came take-took have（has）-had 三、 一般过去时的几种句型： (1) be动词的一般过去时的句型： 肯定句结构为：主语+was / were+其它。 如：I was at home yesterday。 They were really happy at the party. 否定句结构为：主语+was not (wasnt） /were not (werent）+其它。 如：I wasnt at home yesterday. They werent happy at the party. 一般疑问句结构为:Was / Were+主语其它? 如：-Were you at home yesterday？ -Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt. -Were they happy at the party？ -Yes， they were. / No, they werent。 特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词was / were+主语其它？ 如：-Where were you last night？ -We were at my uncles house. -How was your weekend？ -It was great。 （2) 实义动词的一般过去时的句型： 肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：He went to the toy store yesterday。 We took some pictures in the park. 否定句结构为：主语+did not （didnt)+动词原形+其它。 如：He didnt go to the toy store yesterday。 We didnt take any pictures in the park。 一般疑问句结构为：Did+主语动词原形其它？ 如:Did you go to Beijing last week？ -Yes， I did。 / No, I didnt. Did he meet the businessman before? -No， he didnt。 / Yes, he did. 特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词did+主语动词原形其它? 如：-What did you do last night？ -I did my homework。 -Where did you go last week？ -I went to Shanghai with my parents。 Exercises: 一、按要求完成下列句子： 1。 The children are having a good time in the park. （用last Sunday改写) The children _ a good time in the park_ _. 2. Last week I read an English book. （改为否定句) Last week I _ _an English book。 3。 There were about nine hundred people at the concert。 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 4. There was only one problem。 否定句：_ 一般疑问句:_ 对划线部分提问：_ 5. Ann did her homework yesterday evening。 否定句：_ 一般疑问句:_ 对划线部分提问:_ 6. My brother was in the park just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 7。 She had some bread for lunch today。 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 二、用动词的适当形式填空: 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _ (practice） her guitar yesterday? No, she _。 3。 -What _ Tom _ （do） last Saturday evening？ -He _ （watch） TV and _ (read） an interesting book. 4。 They all _ （go） to the mountains yesterday morning. 5。 She _ (not visit） her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay） at home and _ (do) some _ (clean). 6. When _ you _ （write) this song？ I _ （write） it last year. 7。 Carol _ （study) for the math test and _ (practice） English last night. 8。 -_ Mr. Li _ (do) the project last Monday morning? -Yes, he _。 9. -How _ (be） Jims weekend？ -It _ （be not） bad. 10. -_ （be） your mother a sales assistant last year？ -No, she _。 11. There _ （be) only one tall building here now. 12. My aunt _ (travel） a lot every year. 13。 The man _ （have） three horses, but now he _ （have) only two。 14。 When the students _ （learn） the good news， they _ (be） proud of themselves. 15。 Dick _ （jump） into a large hole as soon as he _ （see) the bear. 16. I dont know why they _ （not go) to the movies last night。 17. Tom _ （fail) in the exam。 He _ （look） upset now. 18。 The teacher _ (be） pleased with the boys school work just now。 19. Alice _ (show) her uncle around the new neighborhood last Monday。 20。 He _ (join） the army at the age of eighteen。21。 Tom and Mary _ （come） to China last month. 22. Mike _ （not go） to bed until 12 oclock last night. 23。 Mary _ (read) English every morning. 12