高级英语(1)修辞格汇总.doc

高级英语（1）修辞格汇总 2010-12-30
一、 词语修辞格
（1） simile 明喻
① ...a memory that seemed phonographic
② “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”

③ Most American remember M. T. as the father of...
④ Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.
⑤ Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.
⑥ My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.
⑦ She gasped like a bee had stung her.
（2） metaphor 暗喻
① It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,…
② Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.
③ The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A
④ the last this intermezzo came to an end…
⑤ …showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…
⑥ After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …
⑦ Mark Twain --- Mirror of America
⑧ saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...
⑨ main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart
⑩ All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...
⑪ When railroads began drying up the demand...
⑫ ...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...
⑬ Twain began digging his way to regional fame...
⑭ Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...
⑮ The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.
⑯ Her voice was a whiplash.
⑰ and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…
⑱ But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.
⑲ I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.
⑳ I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.
21 The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.
22 I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.
23 We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.
（3） metonymy 借代，转喻
① In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes
② The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's"
③ ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe
（4） synecdoche 提喻
① The case had erupted round my head
② The case had erupted round my head Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges ...
③ But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's
（5） personification 拟人
① …until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…
② Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…
③ ...to literature's enduring gratitude...
④ The grave world smiles as usual...
⑤ Bitterness fed on the man...
⑥ America laughed with him.
⑦ Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.
（6） transferred epithet 移就
① Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder
② The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle
③ Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.
④ I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)
（7） hyperbole 夸张
① The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.
② I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.
③ If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.
④ I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.
⑤ ...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...
⑥ The cast of characters... - a cosmos.
⑦ America laughed with him.
⑧ The trial that rocked the world
⑨ His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."
（8） oxymoron 矛盾修饰法
Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. "
（9） euphemism 委婉语
① … a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.
② ...men's final release from earthly struggle
（10） irony -- the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法
① Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan
② “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing .
③ … until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century
（11） sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语
① My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry(顽固) are, and it is a mighty strong combination.
② There is some doubt about that.
③ a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life
④ the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that
（12） ridicule（嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事
① Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted
② Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.
③ Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.
（13） pun 双关
① DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.
② Benjamin Franklin: “If we don’t hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。
（14） zeugma轭式搭配法the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words usu. in such a manner that it applies to each in different sense or makes sense with only one
① -----The issue of New York Times …hail the Second as the authority… and the Third as a scandal…
② Ship-owners fear that saving jobs in Britain’s ailing shipyard comes before saving its merchant fleet. (Andrew Neil. Britannia Rues the Waves) 船主们担心英国把在奄奄一息的造船厂中保证就业看得比拯救商船队更重要。
（15） allusion典故
Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.
（16） Litotes (double negative) (语轻意重法,间接肯定法) A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the opposite direction.
I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay.
I was not a little upset.
二、 结构修辞格
（17） parallelism 排比
① We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.
② We shall fight him by land. We shall fight him by sea. We shall fight him in the air.
③ behind all this glare behind all this storm
④ I see the Russian soldiers standing … I see them guarding... I see the ten thousand villages... I see that small group…
⑤ that is our policy and that is our declaration
⑥ We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.
⑦ Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions…
（18） repetition 重复
① We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.
② He has so long thrived and prospered.
③ We will never parley, we will never negotiate...
④ From this nothing will turn us---nothing.
（19） anticlimax 反高潮
“Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”.
（20） antithesis 对比
① Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…
② "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below
③ ...between what people claim to be and what they really are.
④ ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...
⑤ ...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever
（21） rhetorical question 修辞疑问句
① Was I not at the scene of the crime?
② Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?
③ In what conceivable way does our car concern you?
（22） periodic sentence 圆周句 -- A complex sentence, esp. one consisting of several clauses, constructed as part of a formal speech or oration and the most important part is put at the end of the sentence.
The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.
三、 音韵修辞格
（23） 头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
① …as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop...
② I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.
③ I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, it crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries.
④ ...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home
⑤ ...with a dash and daring...
⑥ ...a recklessness of cost or consequences...
⑦ …just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe.
⑧ I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. (simile)
（24） 准押韵（Assonance），元韵，母韵，半谐音，它是重读音节中元音的重复。
between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961)
（25） 辅韵（Consonance），指的是词尾复印或句尾非重读音节的重复。
… when bigots lighted faggots to burn...
（26 拟声法(onomatopoeia) 它是指用词语模拟客观事物的声音,以增强讲话或文字的实际音感。
① As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.
② … its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.
③ The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly.

Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar
1. …as the burnished copper catches the light of innumberable lamps and braziers.
2. …until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…(metaphor and personification)
3. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.
4. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…(personification)
5. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. (metaphor)
6. Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)
7. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occassional grunts and sighs of the camels.
8. The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. (metaphor)
9. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.

Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan
1. “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)
2. …as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop...
3. …where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.
4. At last this intermezzo came to an end…
5. But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)
6. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others.
7. Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan
8. I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.
9. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skycrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.
10. There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)
11. Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question)

Lesson 4 Everyday Use for your grandmama
1. “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic)
2. “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)
3. …showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…
4. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …(metaphor)
5. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)
6. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (simile)
7. Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)
8. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)
9. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. (simile)
10. It is like an extended living room. (simile)
11. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.
12. My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile)
13. She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)
14. Wangero said, sweet as a bird. (simile)
15. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? (rhetorical question)
16. You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(met