上海牛津英语7A Unit5、6知识点及语法重点.doc

教学内容：7A Unit5、6知识点及语法重点
教学重点：三种时态的训练和巩固
教学难点：there be 句型，情态动词用法
教学过程:1、课文知识点讲解 2、there be 句型，情态动词用法3、练习巩固 4、 家庭作业
Unit 6 Different places

1 peace n. 和平 peaceful a. 祥和的
2 on the map of… 在…的地图上
3 convenient a.方便的inconvenient a. 不方便的convenience n.便利
4 different a.不同的difference n.不同点
5 important a. 重要的 importance n.重要性
6 a convenience store 一家便利店
7 It is convenient for sb to do sth. 某人做某事很方便
8 Doing sth. is convenient. 做某事很方便
9 do sth. conveniently 方便地做某事
10 take a bus to …= go to … by bus 乘公交车去某处
11take the underground to … = go to … by underground 乘地铁去某处
12.once a week 一周一次15. twice a month 一月两次
13.It is important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语很重要。
14.It is not easy for him to do sth. 对他来说做…不容易。
15.in the suburbs. 在郊区
16.There are many traffic jams有许多交通堵塞。
at the bottom of some steep steps 在陡峭的台阶下面
on top of the mountains 在山顶
relax oneself 自我放松
17. please v. – pleasant a. – pleased a. 取悦，使愉快 – 令人愉快的 – 感到愉快的
18. please sb. 取悦某人，使某人高兴
19. the changes to the lives 生活中的变化
20. life in different seasons 不同季节的生活
21. seasonal changes 季节的变化
22. falling leaves 落叶
23. fall -- fell – fallen 落下
24. This pair of gloves is black. 这副手套是黑色的。
25. The gloves are black.这手套是黑色的。
26. What season is it? 是什么季节？
27. in different places 不同的地方
be different from …/ the same … as…
differences between … and …
28．It is + adj + to do sth 做…很…
29. once a week 一周一次 twice a week 一周两次 three times a week
30. noise n. 噪音 noisy adj. 嘈杂的 noisy, noisier, noisiest
31. exciting adj. 令人激动的 /excited adj. 感到激动的 excite v. 使激动，使兴奋 excitement n. 激动；兴奋
32. pleasant adj/ 使人愉快的 please v. 使高兴 pleased adj. 高兴的；
be pleased with sth 对… 感到满意的
pleasure n. 高兴；愉快 It’s my pleasure.
33. leaf n. 树叶 leaves pl.

►1 现在进行时的用法
　　一、选择题
1. Who _____ over there now?  
A. singing   B. are sing   C. is singing   D. sing
2. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class.  
A. have   B. having   C. is having D. are having
3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room.  
A. crying   B. cried   C. is crying    D. cries
4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.  
A. are wearing   B. wearing   C. are wear   D. is wearing
5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.
A. is sleeping   B. are sleeping   C. sleeping   D. sleep
　　6. Tom is a worker. He _____ in a factory. His sisters _____ in a hospital.
　　   A. work/ work   B. works/ work   C. is working / are working
7. Who _____ English best in your class?  
A. speak   B. speaks   C. speaking
8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day.  
A. is cleaning   B. clean   C. cleans D. cleaning
9. We _____ music and often _____ to music.  
A. like/ listen   B. likes/ listens   C. like/ are listening
10. She _____ up at six in the morning.  
A. get   B. gets   C. getting
　　11. On Sunday he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping.
　　   A. wash/ do   B. is washing/ is doing   C. washes/ does
　　12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it.
　　   A. have/ have   B. have/ has   C. has/ have D. having / having
　　二、填空：
　　1. My father always __________(come) back from work very late.
　　2. The teacher is busy. He __________ (sleep) six hours a day
　　3. Listen! Joan __________(sing) in the classroom. She often __________ (sing) there.
　　　4. Where __________ you __________ (have) lunch every day?
　　 5. The girl __________(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She __________(wear) a red skirt today.
►2 掌握when引导时间状语从句的用法
►3 学会运用because引导的原因状语从句
► 4 there be
There be 句型用法总结
There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”there
作为引导词，本身没有意义，用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词，它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组，动词be和
主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be +
名词+ 地点（时间）这一句型。例如：
There is a great Italian deli across the street.
穿过街道，有一家大的意大利熟食店。
There are some students in the dormitory.
在宿舍里有一些学生。
一、There be 结构中的主谓一致
1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be 应该取单数is；当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be用复数are。
There's a man at the door.
门口有个人。
There is some apple juice in the bottle.
瓶子里有些苹果汁。
There are some strangers in the street.
大街上有一些陌生人。
2.如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时，动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。
There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。
There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。
二、There be 结构中的时态
1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There is no harm in trying.
不妨一试。
There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.
去年春天，山中有极美的野花。
There will be a fine day tomorrow.
明天将是一个晴天。
There have been several private schools in our area this year.
今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。
2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There may be a cigarette in that box.
那只盒子里或许有支香烟。
There must be some cakes on the table.
桌子上一定有些蛋糕。
There used to be a hospital there before the war.
战前，那里曾经有家医院。
3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used
to、be likely to 、happen to ….
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.
在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。
There is gong to be a meeting tonight
今天晚上有个会议。
There is likely to be a storm.
可能有一场暴雨。
There happened to be a bus nearby.
碰巧附近有辆公交车。
There appears to have been a nasty accident.
似乎发生了一起严重事故。
4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外，还可以用其它动词。例如：
There came a scent of lime-blossom.
飘来一阵菩提树的花香。
Once upon a time there lived a king in China.
从前中国有一个国王。
三、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句
1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式，一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后，如： There isn’t a box in
the room.
房间里没有盒子。
There aren’t any pens on the desk.
课桌上没有钢笔。
2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前，回答时用yes或no，后接简单答语。如：
Is there a cake on the table?
桌子上有块蛋糕吗？
Yes，there is. / No，there isn’t.
是，有。/ 不，没有。
Will there be a party tonight？
今晚有聚会吗？
Yes，there will./ No, there won’t
是的，有。/ 不，没有。
3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况：
How many students are there in your school?
你们学校有多少学生？
How much money is there in your pocket?
你口袋里有多少钱?
4.There be 句型的反意疑问句

There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?
桌子上有只杯子，是吗？
There is some orange in the glass, isn’t there?
杯子里有桔汁，是吗?
四、There be 结构和have的区别与联系
1.区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系，
强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。如：
There are some trees in front of the house.
房前有些树。
Tom has many friends in China.
汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
2.相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has） 来表示。如：
中国有许多长河。
There are many long rivers in China.
China has many long rivers.
　一、句型转换
1. There is a computer in my house. (一般疑问句)
________ ________ a computer in ________ house?
2. There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句)
_________ ________ _________ flowers on the teachers’ desk?
3. There are some apples on the tree.(否定式) There ________ _________ ________ apples on the tree.
4. There aren’t any pears in the box.(同义句) There are _________ pears in the box.
5. There are fifty students in my class.(对划线部分提问)
________ __________ students are there in your class?
6. These are cars.(用buses改写成选择疑问句) Are these cars__________ __________ ?
7. Two boys are in our house.(改为there be句型)
__________ __________ two boys in our house.
二、选择
1. The students expected there ________ more reviewing classes before the final exam.
A. be　　　 B. being　　　
C. have been　　D. to be
2. There _________ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live.
A. be　　 　 B. was　　　 　
C. were　　　 D. being
3. Where _________ dirt, there are flies.
　A. there has　　 　B. is　　　　　

C. there is　　　　D. has there
4. There _________ an English teacher and 40 students in the classroom.
A. is　　　　 B. are　　　　
C. have　　　D. being
► 5 用以wh- 开头的特殊疑问句进行提问
6 掌握“it takes + 时间”的句型
1．指时间、季节、天气、距离 等。It is 5 kilometers from my home to the school.
2．指环境情况等。 It was very noisy outside now.
3．用作人称代词，代替前面提到过的事物。The bike is not mine. It’s Petre’s.
4．用以代替指示代词this 或that。---What’s this? ---It’s a pen.
5．具有指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。---Who’s knocking at the door? ---It’s me.
7 掌握“it is + 形容词 + to do ...”的句型
It is + adj + for/of sb to do sth.
1. it为形式主语
2. 不定式表示的动作是由for引导的逻辑主语发出的
3. to do sth为真实主语
4. 用for 的形容词:对事物进行描述的形容词
difficult easy hard important necessary convenient dangerous possible impossible
eg: It is difficult for me to choose the right style.
It is good for us to eat vegetables.
注意:有时可以不带逻辑主语
eg: It is wrong to laugh at others when they are in difficulty.
It is impossible to learn a language well in two months.

用of的形容词:表示人的性格 品格的形容词
kind good bad nice right wrong wise silly foolish clever careless polite generous rude
eg: It was wrong of him to tell lies.
It is stupid of her to make such a mistake.
It’s nice of you to offer me a seat.= You are nice to offer me a seat.
It was careless of him to lose so many things. = He was careless to lose so many things.
语法要点2: adj+ enough to do sth (当主语与to do sth的逻辑主语不一致时用此句型)
1. adj/adv+ enough enough time fast enough
2. enough for sb to do sth
eg: Her hair is long enough for her to tie back.
The question is hard enough for Tom to reply to.
3. 同义句转换 too… to = not …enough to do sth = so … that …\
The boy is too young to go to school.
= The boy is not old enough to go to school.
= The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.

8 掌握乘坐交通工具的两种用法: by
take the...
9 掌握some，any，much, a lot of的用法

Unit 7 Signs around us

1. direct v. 导向 direction n. 方向 director n. 导演
2. instruct v. 指导instruction n. 指示
3. hike v. (hiked – hiked – hiking) 远足
4. go hiking in the countryside 在乡下远足
5. No cigarettes. = No smoking. = You mustn’t smoke. = Don’t smoke. 不准吸烟。
6. No litter. = You mustn’t leave rubbish. = Don’t leave rubbish. 不准乱扔垃圾。
7. silent adj. --- silence n. 沉默的—沉默
8. different adj. – difference n. 不同的—不同点
9. important adj. – importance n. 重要的—重要性
10. convenient adj. – convenience n. 方便的 – 便利
11. keep silent = keep quiet 保持安静
12. put up tents and go camping 支起帐篷去野营
13. use v. 使用– useful a. 有用的 useless a.没有用的
14. help v. 帮助helpful a. 有帮助的 helpless a. 没有帮助的
15. care v. 在意– careful a. 仔细的 careless a.不仔细的
16. What does it mean? = What’s the meaning of …? 它是什么意思？
17. take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
18. have rules to take care of the environment. 有规则是无论照顾环境。
19. It’s your turn to do sth. 轮到你做某事了。
20. do sth. silently = do sth. in silence 静悄悄地做某事
21. exit v. 出去 --反-- enter v. 进入
22. exit n. 出口 --反-- entrance n. 入口
23. use the telephone for help = call for help 用电话求助
24. What does this sign mean? = What is the meaning of this sign? 这个标志是什么意思？
mean v. meant, meant meaning n.
25. turn left = turn to the left 向左转
on the right of…在。。。右边
26. silent a 安静的 silence n 安静
27. We must not smoke.= No smoking.= Don’t smoke.
smoke n. 烟雾 v. 抽烟
28. Good luck! 好运 lucky a 幸运的 luckily adv. 幸运地 unluckily ad.
29. finish doing 完成做某事

►1 掌握情态动词can和must在本单元中的用法
1. can 的用法：
（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。
（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中， 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there.　 A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“ 不可能”， can’t 表示推测[答案] A
2. could的用法：
（1）.can的过去式，意为“ 能、 会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
（2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）
3. may的用法：
（1）.表示请求、许可，比can 正式，如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。
【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure . Here you are.
A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would
(2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.
(3) .may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may。 如：He is away from school. He might be sick.
他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。
(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如：May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。 May you be happy! 祝你幸福！ May you succeed！祝你成功！
4. must的用法：
(1).must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？
(2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如：You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。
（3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或 don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗？—No, you needn’t.不，你不必。
(4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。
注意其反意问句的构成形式：
　当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’t she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
5. need的用法：
（1）.need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。 用need 提问时，肯定回答为 must，否定回答为 needn’t或don’t have to。 如：—Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗？—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不， 你不必。
(2).need 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。
如果是物作主语，一般用need doing 与 need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。
can’t 和 mustn’t
1. can’t 根据其基本用法可译为：
（1）不会。如：I can’t speak English . 我不会说英语。
（2）不能。如：We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。
（3）否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如：The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。
2. mustn’t 意为“ 禁止、不许”， 用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。 如：You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。　　
易混点五：must 和 have to
1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害， 我只得半夜里把医生请来。I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。
2. have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
易混点六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…/ be used for doing sth
used to do 表示过去常常发生的动作， 强调过去，只用于过去，注意用 to do，不用doing形式；而be used to doing 意为“习惯做…”， be 可有各种时态； be used to do 意为“……被使用去做……,” 为被动语态形式。be used for doing sth“用作……” 如：My father used to eating meat.我父亲过去起床晚但现在不得不早起了。She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉。He wasn’t used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用来割东西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用来割东西)
情态动词练习
1． May I stop my car here?     No, you_＿＿＿.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to
2. Mus