定语从句高考考点复习1.doc

定语从句高考考点复习
一、定语从句概况：
定语：修饰名词和代词的成分 如：a beautiful flower; a tall boy
定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句。如：This is the best film that I have seen.
关系词的作用：引导定语从句、代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
关系代词
指代
在定语从句中所充当的成分
人
物
句子
主语
宾语
定语
who
★

★
★

whom
★

★

which

★
★
★
★

that
★
★

★
★

whose
★
★

★

关系副词
指代
所充当的句子成分
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
二、定语从句高考考点归纳
考点1：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
类别
意义
功能
形式
关系代词
限定性定语从句
起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。

修饰先行词

无逗号隔开

可以用that，而且作宾语时可以省略。

非限定性定语从句
起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。
修饰先行词/整个句子
有逗号与主句隔开
不能用that 不可以省略
例：
Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。。（隐含意思：只有一个哥哥）
The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix
(有that，作宾语时可以省略)
The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.
(无that ,作宾语时不可以省略)
考点2：that 与which 的区别
（1）只用that的情况:
①先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词
②先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。
③先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。
④先行词为人和物的组合
⑤若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用 that。
练习：
① This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether
② Is there anything else _____ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what
③The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it
④He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school .
A. which B. that C. it D. whom
⑤There is no dictionary _____ you can find everything. A that B. which C. where D. in that
⑥ Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it
⑦ Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it
（2）只用which 的情况：①逗号后面 ②介词后面
①Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
A.which B that C this D.it
② The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A.on which B that C which D.this
考点3:介词+关系代词
提醒: 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.
方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配 方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系
注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替。
练习：把下列两句话连接成一个句子用合适的关系词填空
The man is from Beijing University . I talked about him at the meeting.
The man ( ) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University..
==The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
注意：关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。
考点4：whose 用法及转换形式
① whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 That’s the child whose father is a teacher.
②whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。
Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? This is a book whose cover is green.
③ whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同，
即whose+名词=the +n + of which
=of which + the + n.
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
= He lives in the room, faces south.
= He lives in the room, faces south.
考点5：as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
①当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
② as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。而which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
e.g. As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=The moon travels round the earth once evey month, as/ which is known to everybody
③as 本身有“正如…..正象…”之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。
e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.
练习：
①______ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As
②Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is
③ She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as
④ ______ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As
⑤ We do the same work _____ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like
考点6：that 与who的区别
在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”.
①Anyone _____breaks the law is punished. ②Those _____ break the law are punished.
③He _____ breaks the law is punished.
考点六7:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?
选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：
①先行词 ②关系词在从句中充当的成分。关系词在从句中做主语，宾语，定语用关系代词；做状语用关系副词
①I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school.
②I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing.
③The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.
④The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.
考点8: 有时先行词含义较为抽象,较难看出其属性,应多加思索并认真分析后才能正确解题。
①He has got himself into a dangerous situation_____he is likely to lose control over the plane.
 A. where B. which　 C. while D. why
②I can think of many cases______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
  A. why 　B. which C. as D. where
 ③Her illness will not develop to the point________ no medicine can cure her.
  A. where B. which C. that D. as
考点9：定语从句中主谓一致问题
定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。
①I am not one who ______afraid of difficulty． ②Don ’t choose me, who _______not fit for this job．
③This is one of the best books _______.
A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written
C. that has written D. that have written
④She is not the only one of the girls ___ well in class.
A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing
定语从句解题思路：
1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。
2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。
3. 分析有无先行词,巧解定语从句试题
4. 先行词是被定语从句所修饰的中心名词,没有它的存在,定语从句就不能成立。
5. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主、定或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词
4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and, but等。
1.Is this the factory ____ we visited last week? A、where B、that C、to which D、the one
2. Let me think of a proper situation ______ this sentence can be used.
A、where B、that C、of whom D、which
3. She will never forget the day_____ she spent in Beijing.
She will never forget the day_____ she stayed with him in Beijing.
A、when B、what C、which D、why
4. The college won’t take anyone _____ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whose C、of whom D、which
5.Those _____ to take part in the game write down your names.A.who B、who want C.who wants D、what
6.a. I don't like English, _____ grammar I am not interested.
b.I don't like English, ____ grammar is difficult to learn.
c.I like this house, _____ doorway is just enough to get . d.I like this house, _____ doorway is small.
A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whose
7. I，______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am
8. Which of the two cows ______ you keep produces more milk? A、which B、that C、what D、as
9. His walking stick, ____ he can’t walk, was lost yesterday.
A、that B、with which C、which D、without which
10. He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin. A. that　B. as 　C. who　 D. what
11.I bought some books from the bookstore, five ______were English novels.
A. of which B. which C. that D. in which
12.Here are players from Japan, some of _________ are our old friends.
Here are some players from Japan and some of ________ are our old friends.
A. which B. that C. whom D. them
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