上海牛津英语初中八种时态详解.doc

教学目标：了解各种时态的意义、构成以及用法，会在做题中进行运用
教学重点：八种时态的用法
教学难点：八种时态之间的联系和区别
教学过程：1、时态讲解2、时态题目练习3、事态辨析4、家庭作业（中考真题练习）
初中英语八种时态归纳复习

一、 一般现在时
（一）定义
表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格
和能力及客观真理。
例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .
She is at home .
(二)构成
主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。
(三)句型
1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。
She reads English everyday .
2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。
He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning .
3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？
Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t .
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？
What time do you get up every morning ?
Where does your father work ?
（三）用法
1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month．．．） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。
I leave home for school at seven every morning .
2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。
The sun rises in the east .日出东方。
　　 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。
3、当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
　　I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
　　4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：
　　He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。
　　That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。
　　Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;
如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。
2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;
如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;
如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，
如：He has an interesting book .
5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is
一般现在时练习题
　　1）用动词的适当形式填空
　　1.I like ___ (swim).
　　2.He _________(read) English every day.
　　3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
　　4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
　　5.My mother________(like) ______(go) shopping.
　　6.I can ________(draw) many beautiful pictures.
　　7.She_________(make) a model plane.
　　8.Do you ________(like)_________(run)?
　　9.Does he_________(like)_________(jump) ?
　　10.Does Nancy_________(grow)flowers on Saturday ?
　　　　2）用所给的人称改写句子
　　1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)
　　2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)
　　3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)
　　4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)
　　5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)
二、 一般过去时
（一）结构
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
基本结构 否定句 一般疑问句
Be动词 was/ were+not was或were提前，放于句首
行为动词 didn’t+do（动词原形） Did+主语+do（动词原形）
注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didn’t，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。

I was in Shanghai last year . I wasn’t in Shanghai last year .
Was you in Shanghai last year ?
He went to the park yesterday . He didn’t go to the park yesterday ?
Did he go to the park yesterday ?
（二）句式
1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。
I was in Beijing yesterday .I went to the beach yesterday .
2、否定句：主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他。
主语+didn’t + V原+其他。
I wasn’t in Beijing yesterday .I didn’t go to the beach yesterday .
3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？
Did +主语+V原+其他？
Were you in Beijing yesterday ?
Did you go to the beach yesterday ?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？
特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？
Where were you yesterday ?
Where did yougo yesterday ?
（三）用法
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year…),…ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of…,in 1980等连用。如：
At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .
2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .
3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。
He said he wouldn’t go if it rained .
（四）动词过去式的规则变化
1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked
2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced
3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 的动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;
4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。
不规则动词表
Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tense
catch caught come came
do did draw drew
drink drank drive drove
eat ate fall fell
am is was are were
begin begun break broke
bring brought build built
buy bought can could
动词过去式的记忆口诀
动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；
谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记。
否定句很简单, 主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难, did放在主语前；
如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添。
一般过去时练习题
一、 写出下列动词的过去式
1．look— 2. live— 3. stop— 4. carry—
5.hope— 6. trip— 7. call— 8. finish—
9. want— 10. are— 11. go— 12. have—
13. do— 14. get— e— 16. say—
二、Fill in the blanks.
1. ____ she __sing)a song last night?
2. --Were there any people in the room? (作否定回答)
--______, _______ _______nobody.
3. --_____(be) they at work this morning?
--Yes. They ______ (have)a meeting together.
4. --______ Joe ______ (do)well in the long-distance running?
--Yes, he _______.
5. –Where _____ Tina’s Family____(go)last Summer?
--They _______ (go)to New York for their vacation.
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
　　1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
　　2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
　　3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
　　4. ______ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
　　5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
　　6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
　　7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
　　8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning?
　　She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
　　9. It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday
　　10. 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night.
　　　三、一般将来时
（一）概念
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
There will be an English party next Saturday .
We will come to see you tomorrow .
（二）结构
1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为’ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为won’t 。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。
He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。
2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）
I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。
3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事）
He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。
（三）用法
1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year．．．．）， this evening (weekend …), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by．．．， soon 等连用。
I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .
I hope you won’t be late next time .
2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。
I’ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .
一般将来时练习题
　　一、单项选择
　　( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
　　 A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
　　( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
　　 A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work
　　( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
　　 A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be will be D. is; will be
　　( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
　　 A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be
　　( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow.
　　A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
　　C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
　　( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
　　 A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
　　( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要。）
　　 A. No, you won't. B. No, you aren't. C. No, please don't. D. No, please.
　　( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once.
　　 A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get
　　( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
　　 A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
　　( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
　　 A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
　　二、动词填空
　　1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.
　　2. -How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?
　　 -I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.
　　 -I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.
　　 -What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here?
　　 -I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.
　　3. I ______be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
　　4. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
　　5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.

四、过去将来时
　　表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。这个时态常用于：
　　A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如：
　　When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。
　　She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。
　　He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。
　　例句：
　　I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。
　　I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。
过去将来时练习题
　　I. 选择填空
　　1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.
　　A. as; come B. was; would come
　　C. would be; came D. will be; come
　　2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.
　　A. spent B. would spent
　　C. was going to spent D. would spend
　　3. —What did your son say in the letter?
　　 —He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.
　　A. will visit B. has visited
　　C. is going to visit D. would visit
　　4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
　　A. to come B. is coming
　　C. will come D. was coming
　　5. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.
　　A. took B. would take
　　C. takes D. will take
　　　II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
　　1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.　
　　2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.
　　3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.
　　4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.
　　5. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.
五、现在进行时
（一）结构
由 Be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing 构成。
（二）用法
1、表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动作。常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等。
Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room .
2、表示一种渐进的过程。
My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English .
3、与always , all the time , forever等连用，表示说话人某种强烈的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。例如：
　　He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。
　　She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。
　　Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？
　　One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。
　　Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢） 有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。
4、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来。
She is leaving for Beijing next weak .
My friend is coming for dinner .
（三）句型
1、肯定句：主语+ be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing +其他。
I am studying now .
2、否定句：主语+ be +not+动词—ing +其他。
I am not studying now .
3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？
Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isn’t .
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？
What are you doing now ?
（四）动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法：
1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。
read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting
2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing。
live-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking
3、 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个字母再加-ing 。
sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,
put-putting
4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing。
die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying
现在进行时练习题
一、 写出下列动词的现在分词：　　
play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________
write_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______put______
see_____buy______love__________live_______take________come________
get________stop________sit________begin________shop___
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _____________( have) an English lesson .
现在进行时态提高题
一填空题
　　1．Mr Zheng _______________ (read) a book now.
　　2. The rabbits _________________ (jump) now.
　　3.. Look ! Tom and John ________________ (swim).
　　4. My brother _________________ (make) a kite in his room now.
　　5. Look! The bus _______________ (stop).
　　6. We _______________ (have) an English class now.
　　7. Listen! Someone is__________________(come).
　　8. They ___________________(catch) butterflies now.
　　9. He ______________________ (do) an experiment now.
　　10. They _____________________(collect) stamps now.
六、过去进行时
（一）结构
由was/were+动词-ing构成。
（二）用法
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。
My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .
注意：（1）以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。
When he called me , I was having dinner .
（2）以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当……的时候，同时”。
Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV .

过去进行时练习题
　　一、用动词的适当形式填空
　　1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.
　　2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.
　　3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.
　　4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.
　 5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _______________ (all, work) in the fields.

　　二、 选择题
　　1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.
　　a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang
　　c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang
　　2.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.
　　a. tries b. tried c. w