松江少儿英语1.doc

精通地道美语的秘诀（1）
salary/paycheck
paycheck就是上班族每个月领到的薪水。
对话一：
A：Do you make a good salary at your company?
(你在你公司的薪水高吗？)
B: It's not bad.
(还好。)
对话二：
A: Do you get paid on a salary or are you paid by the hour?
(你是领月薪的，还是计时算工资？)
B: I work for wages.
(我是计时算工资的。)

在台湾，上班族领薪水通常是领现金或由银行转帐，在美国是发一张paycheck。所以你若告诉美国人你今天领到一包薪水袋salary bag,对方可能会莫名其妙。你告诉他你今天领了paycheck,那就不会有任何误解了。
薪水有两种算法：一种是算月薪；一种是计时算工资。领月薪的薪水英文用salary,若是计时算工资的，英文用wage,或是by the hour。不过在美国说到salary是多少时，除非特别强调是月薪，否则指的是年薪，而不是月薪(monthly salary)。
领salary的人，加班并没有另外付钱。若是领wage的，也就是paid by the hour的，加班费是平常钟点费的1.5倍。

salary: 薪水
I am trying to get a raise in salary.
(我正在想办法得到加薪。)
My salary doesn't go as far as it used to.
(我的薪水没以前那么多。)
I get my salary monthly.
(我领月薪。)
Does he make a good salary?
(他的薪水高吗？)

paycheck:薪水支票；薪水袋
My paycheck is not much this week.
(我这星期领到的薪水不多。)
I don't like living from paycheck to paycheck
(我不喜欢靠领薪水过日子。)
I'll trade my paycheck for yours.
(我可以跟你交换薪水袋。)

paid by the hour:计时算工资
I wish I got paid by the hour instead of on a salary.
(我希望我是计时算工资，而不是领月薪。)
Do you get paid time and a half for overtime?
(你加班费有没有一倍半？)

wages:工资
The clerk works for wages.
(这职员是计时算工资的。)

pay:付钱(付薪水)
The job pays ten thousand dollars a week.
(这工作每星期的工资的是一万元。)
I'll take the job at the gift shop. Because it pays more.
(我接受了在礼品屋的工作，因为那家付的薪水比较高。)

精通地道美语的秘诀(2)

part-time/full-time
part-time是兼职，full-time是上全职班
对话一：
A：Do you work full-time or part-time?
(你是全职还是兼职的？)
B: I work full-time.
(我是上全职班。)
A：Is that 40 hours a week?
(一个星期是不是40小时？)
B：I work a lot of overtime, so it is usually more like 50 hours.
(我常加班，所以通常是50小时左右。)
对话二：
A: Does he have a full-time job?
(他有全职的工作吗？)
B: No, he only works part-time on the weekends.
(不，他只在周末兼差。)

part-time和fulll-time这两个字，可以当副词也可以当形容词。当副词用时如：兼职工作work part-time, 当形容词用时如：全职的工作full-time job。至于说某人是兼职工作的人，则是part-timer。

full-time:全职上班
Do you like working full-time?
(你喜欢全职上班吗？)
Does she have a full-time job?
(她有个全职的工作吗？)
What are the benefits of full-time employment?
(全职班有什么福利？)

part-time:兼职
I am looking for a part-time job.
(我在找一份兼职的工作。)
I work a part-time job for extra income.
(我兼职工作，多赚一点钱。)
He won't know the answer. He is only a part-timer.
(他不会知道答案，他只是兼职人员。)

overtime:加班
How much overtime did you work last week?
(你上星期加班多少小时？)
She is a workaholic--she worked 30 hours overtime last week.
(她是工作狂--她上星期加了30小时的班。)
I'm trying to work overtime so I can buy a new car.
(我正想办法加班，以便可以买部新车。)
work on/work for
work on是要特别花工夫去做的事；work for是在某处上班

对话一：
A: How is Mary?
(玛丽怎么样？)
B: I don't know.
(还不知道。)
The doctor is still working on her.
(医生正在医治她。)
I hope she'll be all right.
(我希望她没事。)

对话二：
A：Who do you work for?
(你替谁做事？)
B：I work for a small insurance company.
(我在一家小保险公司上班。)

work on是指特别花工夫去做某事，例如：医生work on一个病人，指医生正在医治病人；work on a project就是去做一个项目。
work for的介词for指“替谁工作”；也就是在哪儿上班的意思。Who do you woke for?的Who是介词for的受词，理论上应该Whom,但口语上美国人都习惯于用Who，用Whom反而显得太文诌诌。

work on:花时间做某事
I have to work on this project tonight.
(我今晚一定要做这个项目。)
She is supposed to be working on her homework.
(她应该做她的家庭作业。)
The doctor is still working on your mother. There is no news yet.(医生还在医治你的母亲，还没有消息。)

work for:替～做事(在哪里上班)
Who does he work for?
(他在哪里上班？)
Who were you working for then?
(你那时替谁工作？)
在美国每周上五天班，星期六和星期日不上班，所以从星期五下班后到星期日为止都是weekend(周末)。但有时遇到星期五或星期一也放假时，就会有一连三天或四天的周末，所以，叫long weekend或three day weekend。

weekend:周末
We went out of town for the weekend.
(我们周末到外地去。)
John works part-time on the weekends.
(约翰在周末做兼职的工作。)

three day weekend:三天的周末
What are you going to do over the three day weekend?
(你这三天的周末要做什么？)

long weekend:长周末
Are you taking a trip over the long weekend?
(这个长周末你要去旅行吗？)

精通地道美语的秘诀(3)

doctor’s office/hospital
看医生不一定要到医院去

对话一：
A: Do you need to go to the hospital?
(你需要去医院吗？)
B: Yes, I am hurt badly.
(要，我伤得很重。)

对话二：
A：Where is your doctor’s office?
(你的医生诊所在哪里？)
B：It is on Main Street nest to my office.
(在我公司旁的缅因街上。)
A: What time is your appointment？
(你约好几点去看医生？)
B: 2:00 p.m.
(下午2点。)

在美国看医生都是在doctor’s office，所以中文说去看医生，可以说go to see a doctor，也可以说go to the doctor’s office，却不说go to the hospital。因为hospital是生大病、受重伤需要动手术或治疗时才去的。虽然有的doctor’s office是设在hospital内，但你还是去doctor’s office，而不是去hospital。

hospital: 医院
hospital医院
How close is the nearest hospital?
(最近的医院有多近？)
Is St. Thomas a good hospital?
(圣汤姆斯医院是一家好的医院吗？)

in the hospital 住院
She is in the hospital having her tonsils removed.
(她住院要拿掉扁桃腺。)
How long were you in the hospital when you gave birth?
(你生产时住院多久？)

doctor’s office: 医生诊所
Your doctor’s office called today.
(你的医生诊所今天打电话来。)
What time is your appointment at the doctor’s office?
(你跟医生约好几点？)
If this cold gets worse, I will have to go to the doctor’s office.
(如果感冒恶化的话，我就必须去看医生。)
I am looking for a doctor’s office near my home.
(我在找一位离我家近一点的医生诊所。)

精通地道美语的秘诀(4)

精通地道美语的秘诀
get a check-up/check into the hospital
check into the hospital住院，做健康检查

一般说某人住院，英文是（某人）is in the hospital。但若只是打算要住院时，不是说（某人）will be in the hospital，而是说（某人）is checking into the hospital。
送某人去住院，不是send (某人) to the hospital，而是check(某人) to the hospital，而是check(某人) into the hospital。平时不生病时也应该定期做健康检查，英文是get a check-up。

check into the hospital: 要住院
I am checking into the hospital tomorrow.
(我明天要去住院。)
They checked him into the hospital last night.
(他们昨晚把他送去住院。)

get a check-up: 做个健康检查
My father is going to have a check-up in the morning. I hope he’s okay.
(我父亲明天早上要去做健康检查，我希望他没事。)

give someone a check-up: 替某人做健康检查
The doctor gave John a check-up.
(医生替约翰做健康检查。)

精通地道美语的秘诀(5)

college/university
上大学说go to college，或是go to university都可以

对话一：
A: What college did you attend?
(你上哪一所大学？)
B: I went to Washington University.
(我上华盛顿大学。)
A: I’ve never heard of that.
(我没听说过那所大学。)
B: It is in Wyoming.
(那是在怀俄明州。)

对话二：
A：My university wants me to speak at a luncheon.
(我们学校要我在午餐会上演讲。)
B：Wow, that’s an honor.
(哇，那是一项荣誉呢！)

上大学到底应该说go to college，还是说go to university呢？理论上college是学院，综合好几个college而成立一所university。有一天，我与朋友上高三的女儿在谈她要去上大学的事情，谈话中每次说到上大学，我都是说go to college，女孩的妈妈忍不住向我抗议，说我女儿是要去university，而不是要去college。实际上，美国人说大学，用college或university都可以。但因为university音节太长，美国人在谈话中，多用college。
如果是提到大学名称时，因为每一所大学有其固定的名称，就不可以把college和university随便混用。例如California University，就不可叫该校California College，该校若叫做New York College，你不可称它为New York University。

university: 大学
He was in every one of my classes at the university.
(大学时,他每一科都跟我同班。)
I think your university is more expensive than mine.
(我认为你们学校比我们学校贵。)
What courses are you taking at the university?
(你在大学里修哪些课？)

college: 大学
Which college are you going to go?
(你要去上哪一所大学？)
I’m going to college next fall.
(我明年秋天要去上大学。)
He dropped out of college.
(他退学了。)
Did you like your college professors?
(你喜欢你的大学教授吗？)

精通地道美语的秘诀(9)
score/grade
score和grade都是成绩，只是评定方式不同

对话一：
A: What kind of marks did you get in school?
(你在学校的成绩如何？)
B: I made very good grades.
(我的成绩很好。)

对话二：
A：What was your score on the test?
(这次测验你考几分？)
B：I made 96 out of 100 points.
(我考96分。)

学业成绩的评定有好几种方式，若是以A、B、C或是甲、乙、丙来打成绩，英文就是grade或mark。若是以92分、98份、70分……等来给成绩，那就该用score。但是score是指得到的总分，例如：My score on the math test was 89.(我的数学是89分)如果答错一题要扣5分，要说five points，而不是fine scores。
你告诉你的美国朋友你考了98分，对方可能不知道你考了高分。在中国，我们的满分总是以100分来算，但在美国，满分可能是200分，甚至是600分。为了让对方知道你考了很高分，你可以说I made 98 out of 100 points。若是美国人告诉你I made a perfect score。是说他得到满分，但不一定是100分，但在中国一般的考试perfect score就是100分了。

grade: 等级；成绩
His grades are mostly B’s.
(他的成绩大部分是B。)
I made a bad grade.
(我的成绩考得不好。)
I don’t care about making good grades.
(我不在乎考好成绩。)
打分数；给成绩
The teacher is grading the papers.
(老师在打报告的分数。)
The teacher is marking the literature papers.
(老师在打文学报告分数。)
The teacher is scoring the math test.
(老师在算数学测验的分数。)

mark: 等级；成绩
His dad said he would buy him a car if he made good marks.
(他的父亲说如果他得到好成绩的话，就要买车子给他。)
She got a mark of B in spelling.
(她的拼写成绩是B。)
His mark in spelling was C.
(他的拼写成绩是C。)

score: 总得分
Mary made a perfect score on her test.
(玛丽考了满分。)
My score on the spelling test was 78.
(我的拼写测验考了78分。)
What was your score on English test?
(你的英文考几分？)

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