UNIT 2 听力文本.doc

UNIT 2
Listening and Translation
TAPESCIPT AND KEY
1. Some people fear they do not get enough vitamins from the foods they eat.
2. So they take products with large amounts of vitamins.
3. They think these vitamin supplements will improve their health and protect against disease.
4. Medical experts found little evidence that most supplements do anything to protect or improve health.
5. But they noted that some do help to prevent disease.
Exercise ：Directions: Listen to some sentences and translate them into Chinese. You will hear each sentence three times.
1．一些人担心他们并未从所吃的食物中获取足够的维生素。
2. 因此他们服用大剂量维生素制剂。
3. 他们认为这些维生素制剂能够增进健康、预防疾病。
4. 医学专家没有发现多少能证明这些制剂中的绝大多数能保障或增进健康的证据。
5 . 但是他们注意到其中一些确实有助于预防疾病。
.15.
Part 1 Dialogue
Psychology and Psychiatry
TAPESCRIPT AND KEY
Interviewer: Perhaps we could begin by defining the difference between psychology and psychiatry*. I know it's something which a lot of people get confused about.
Doctor: Yes, people often do confuse psychology and psychiatry, and equally psychologists and psychiatrists. Urn, firstly, a psychologist will have a degree in psychology but will not have a medical training; a psychiatrist is always a fully trained doctor who also has additional specialist training in the field of psychiatry. Psychiatry is the study essentially of mental illness; psychology is really the study of behaviour, including normal behaviour and mental processes, the way we think, behave and feel.
Interviewer: So how exactly do you define mental illness? How do you know when a person is mentally ill?
Doctor: It's a difficult question actually to answer. Essentially, mental illness causes a disturbance in the way that people think, feel and behave. Um, most people think of mental illness in terms of a breakdown; the term "a breakdown" is commonly used. Most often, people are thinking of someone who's become very depressed or anxious. But a breakdown may also describe someone who's had a major mental illness, where their thinking, feelings and behaviour may become grossly disorganized.
Interviewer: Right. Urn, I've heard of the ICD, the International Classification of Disorders. Is that something which is used in Britain in psychiatry?
Doctor: Yes, it's the International Classification of Diseases*, urn, which is the main classification used in England to classify all diseases; and all people admitted to hospitals in England will have a diagnosis given within the International Classification of Diseases. This classification covers mental illnesses and really classifies mental illnesses under three main headings of psychoses*, neuroses* and personality disorders. Within each of those main areas of classification there are lots of other individual diagnoses.
Interviewer: I'd like to ask you about schizophrenia* because that's a word which people often associate with the most extreme kinds of insanity* or lunacy* or I'm sure you'd call mental disturbance of some kind. What exactly is that?
Doctor: Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic* illness. Schizophrenia usually shows itself by the person perhaps hearing voices when there's nothing to account for the voice in the environment. They often have firm but abnormal beliefs, for example that they're being followed or persecuted and their behaviour again may seem very odd.
Interviewer: Is there any effective treatment for this disorder?
Doctor: Yes, there is. There have been advances in the treatment of schizophrenia, particularly since really the 1950s when the major anti-psychotic drugs were introduced. The main line of treatment now includes drug treatments which can reduce or get rid of symptoms, but we also these days very much provide social and family support and help to schizophrenic patients.
Interviewer: Mm. There is a stigma, isn't there, attached to mental illness generally by society. But I believe it's actually a lot more common than people think. Is that true?
Doctor: Mental illness is very common. I was reading a paper just today which was talking about mental health care and was pointing out some very staggering statistics, for example that 26 percent of the population consult their family doctor each year with mental health problems, that 14 percent of days lost to work are a result of mental health problems, that 20 percent of our total NHS* expenditure is for treating mental health problems.
Interviewer: Well, how ... how do we actually prevent mental illness? Is it preventable?
Doctor: That's a really difficult question.
Interviewer: Isn't it true that, well at least one theory is that in many cases mental illnesses are hereditary, or people, you know, with parents or grandparents and so on, who are prone* to this will get it themselves, and therefore presumably external factors aren't going to make any difference?
Doctor: I think in terms of the cause or etiology* of mental illness there are often or most usually many factors operating, so the person may be genetically more vulnerable to that kind of illness. The vulnerability, though, is only one aspect. Stresses in their life, physical illnesses --- which can cause mental illnesses - may be another factor bringing about mental ill-health. So there are a variety of factors interacting, which are leading to mental illness.
Interviewer: So prevention really has to be tackled from a number of different fronts?
Doctor: Yes.
Exercise
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and complete the following forms.
I. Psychology and psychiatry

Psychology and psychologist

Psychiatry and psychiatrist
1)
Psychology is really the study of behaviour.
1)
Psychiatry is the study essentially of mental illness.

including normal behaviour and mental

processes, the way we think, behave and feel
2)
A psychiatrist is always a fully trained

.

doctor who also has additional specialist
2) A psychologist will have a degree in ~

training in the field of psychiatry.

psychology but will not have a medical training.

Section Two Listening Comprehension
Mental illness
Definition
.17.
Psychoses Neuroses
Personality disorders
Symptom
Treatment
I) Hearing voices when there's I) Drug treatments which can
nothing to account for the reduce or get rid of symptoms
:\ severe psychotic illness voice in the environment 2) Social and familv support
2) Having firm but abnormal be- and help to schizophrenic
liefs patients
Situation
:, Mental illness is very common. ~ I 26 percent of the population consult their family doctor each year with mental health problems.
.3) 14 percent of days lost to work are a result of mental health problems.
-) 20 percent of our total NHS expenditure is for treating mental health problems.
Part 2 Passage Cause
I) There are often or most usually many factors operating.
2) The person may be genetically more vulnerable to that kind of illness.
3) Stresses in their life
4) Physical illnesses which can cause mental illnesses
I Couldn't Stop Dieting
Solution
I) That's a really difficult question.
2) Prevention has to be tackled from a number of different fronts .
Part 2 Passage I couldn’t Stop Dieting
1. After five years of marriage, Stan would leave me. I'd be alone with my scale, my exercise, and my calorie-counting.
2. Several months after our wedding, as I was striving to be the "perfect" wife, the anorexia reemerged.
3. As much as I wanted to please my husband by maintaining a healthy weight, exercise and food restriction had become my sole means of coping with stress.
4. Slowly, I became convinced that only I myself had the power to transform my heart and life.
5. Transparent honesty was the first step, and I've learned that I'll be accepted for who I am by my husband.
1. "I am solely responsible for the destruction of my marriage." I stared at the words I'd written in my journal and felt the sting of tears. After five years of marriage, Stan would leave me. I'd be alone with my scale, my exercise, and my calorie-counting.
2. Stan and I had met 10 years earlier while teaching at the same Christian high school. I'd been frighteningly thin, but Stan had ignored my emaciated* appearance and befriended the person inside. He was a good friend, someone safe with whom I could talk. Early in our friendship, I told him about my history of anorexia*, my two hospitalizations for the disorder, and the years I'd spent in therapy trying to get well. He was kind and understanding. Still, I couldn't bring myself to reveal the whole truth --- that a childhood of verbal and sexual abuse had led not only to anorexia, but rebellion and promiscuity*. Though I knew Stan cared for me, a little voice in my head insisted I wasn't good enough for him, and that I'd eventually lose him.
3. By the time he proposed three years later, I'd gained nearly 20 pounds. My gaunt* face and body had become muscular and healthy, and my counselor assured me that I'd progressed to the point of no longer needing therapy. Soon, Stan and I were married.
4. Several months after our wedding, as I was striving to be the "perfect" wife, the anorexia reemerged. Though I'd prepared hearty meals for Stan, I carefully restricted what I ate, panicking any time I hadn't exercised "enough". Stan's career change only added to the stress, and my weight, the only thing I could control completely, slowly began to drop.
5. As much as I wanted to please my husband by maintaining a healthy weight, exercise and food restriction had become my sole means of coping with stress. Whenever Stan and I would have a conflict, I'd add minutes onto my daily workout, or skip a meal. The anorexia gave me a twisted sense of control over my life.
6. One night five years after we got married, my husband told me that he didn't want to stay in a marriage like this. I decided finally to get help.
7. I went to a counselor. During our first session, I tearfully described my situation. "I know this is my fault," I said, "but why can't I stop? No wonder I hate myself!"
8. We continued counseling sessions for nearly a year, and I learned gradually to see my anorexia in a new light --- as the scar from a painful childhood that led to the fear I'd never be loved for who I was.
9. Slowly, I became convinced that only I myself had the power to transform my heart and life.
10. I had to begin with honesty. I could no longer be deceptive about the anorexia, nor could I hide my past.
11. We've now been married seven years. As Stan and I continue to share openly with each other, I've become more secure in his love and in our marriage. My eating habits have improved and my shape has changed from gaunt to womanly; anorexia is no longer a wedge* between Stan and me.
Transparent honesty was the first step, and I've learned that I'll be accepted for who I am by my husband.
Pre-listening Question
A harmonious and happy family brings all the members good health, while an unhappy family -.es tragedies and bad health.
From the day we are born, our health is influenced by our family. How well are we fed and .ed during childhood? What kind of surroundings do we live in? Do our parents live in harmony :Ove? What is the living standard of our family? How about our family education? All these play mportant part in our physical and mental health.
Members of a happy .family help each other stay healthy. If anyone member is ill, others will him or her to a doctor and then take good care of the person so that he or she can get well soon. Members of an unhappy family, on the other hand, are often distressed by their bad relationship, .'
-h features inconsiderateness, distrust and even violence. These will easily cause psychological ~ges and physical injuries. That's why people say living in an unhappy family is like committing cide.
Sentence Dictation
~ctions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.
der to tapescript)
Detailed Listening
- ections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) orfalse ~ . Discuss with your classmates why YOll think the statement is true orfalse.
.
I.
_T_
2.
_F_
3.
_F_
4.
-,,
The narrator thought she was responsible for the destruction of her marriage . (I am solely responsible for the destruction of my marriage.)
The narrator and Stan taught at the same Christian high school 10 years ago.
(Stan and I had met 10 years earlier while teaching at the same Christian high school.) Stan liked the narrator's emaciated appearance in their early friendship.
(I'd been frighteningly thin, but Stan had ignored my emaciated appearance.) By the time of their marriage, the narrator still needed some kind of therapy.
(My counselor assured me that I'd progressed to the point of no longer needing therapy. Soon, Stan and I were married.)
5. The narrator's anorexia re-emerged several months after the wedding possibly because of the stress she was experiencing.
(Though I'd prepared hearty meals for Stan, I carefully restricted what I ate, panicking any time I hadn't exercised "enough". Stan's career change only added to the stress.) The narrator thought food restriction could help her to have a better control over her life. (The anorexia gave me a twisted sense of control over my life.)
The narrator would increase the time of her daily workout, or skip a meal when she and
~6.
_T_7.
20. Unit 2
_T_8.
Stan would have a quarrel.
(Whenever Stan and I would have a conflict, I'd add minutes onto my daily workout, or skip a meal.)
After nearly a year of counseling sessions, the narrator gradually learned to see her anorexia in a different way.
(We continued counseling sessions for nearly a year, and I learned gradually to see my anorexia in a new light - as the scar from a painful childhood that led to the fear I'd never be loved for who I was.)
Exercise D After-listening Discussion
Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.
I. After a year's counseling, the narrator gradualIy learned to see her anorexia in a new light - as the scar from a painful childhood that led to the fear she'd never be loved for who she was. Slowly, she became convinced that only she herself had the power to transform her heart and life. She was no longer deceptive about anorexia, and stopped hiding her past.
2. (Open)
News Item 1
TAPESCRIPT AND KEY
Representatives of nearly 150 countries meeting in Hong Kong are still trying to reach a new agreement on global trade.
For many countries the biggest prize they realistically hoped for on this meeting was a date for ending the European Union subsidies to help farme