1、名词所有格 名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格,它主要包括\'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。 A. 's 所有格的用法 1. 表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加\'s。例如:Jim's bed, the man's wife, children's toys, the fox's tail 2. 以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加"'s"。例如:the students' books, Teachers' Day, my boss' office, a girls' dormitory 3.有些
2、表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。例如:today's newspaper, five minutes' walk, a ton's weight, a dollar's worth of stamps, the moon's rays 4.表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有)时,只需要后一个名词加's(或')即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系(各自所有),则每个名词词尾都加上's(或')。例如:Joan and Jane's room(房间属二人共同所有) Joan's and Jane's room(指Joan和Jane各自的房间)
3、 an hour and a half’s walk (步行一个半小时的路程) 5. 's所有格所修饰的词的省略现象 (1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如: I met her at the doctor's(office).我在诊所遇见了她。 He has gone to the tailor's(shop).他到服装店去了。 She went to Mr.Black's(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。 (2)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。例如: Whose p
4、en is this?It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。 The bike is not mine,but Wang Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。 B. of 所有格的用法--- of所有格由of加名词构成,其用法归纳如下: 1. of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。例如:a map of the world, the story of a hero, the windows of the room, the title of the film 2. 用于名词化的词。例如:the sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖
5、 3. 修饰词较多时也可用of所有格。例如: the very long and graceful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴 4. 表示有生命的东西的名词,有时也可以用of所有格。例如: the children of the family 那家的孩子们 5. 某些of所有格和's所有格可以互换。the son of a poor peasant=a poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子 6.某些of所有格和's所有格互换,有时含义却不相同,请比较下面的例子: an old woman's story(一个老妇人讲自
6、己的身世) the story of an old woman(别人讲一个老妇人的身世) 起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用’s。 例 room number,tooth brush 's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成"of+所有格"形式,即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与"one of..."相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下: 1.名词+of+名词性物主代词。例如: a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友
7、 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历 2.名词+of+'s所有格。例如: He is a friend of my sister's.(=one of my sister's friends)他是我姐姐的一个朋友 Look at that long nose of Jack's.看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感情色彩) 试比较: a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片 a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片 3. 不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,
8、no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如: most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人 I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书 Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书? D. 's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别 请仔细比较下面三句话: 1.She is Mary's brother's friend. 2.
9、She is a friend of Mary's brother. 3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's. 1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词。 2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary's brother。 3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个。 1. 名词的格的种类英语名词有三个格,即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同,所以它们又统称作通格。 当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时,用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所
10、属关系,它分-’s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式。Tom loves Mary. (Tom 为主格,Mary 为宾格,均为通格形式) Tom’s best friend is Mary. (Tom’s 是所有格,Mary 为通格) The title of the book is interesting. (of the book 为所有格) 2. -’s所有格的构成方法 (1) 一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加 -’s:children’s books 儿童图书 today’s paper 今天的报纸 (2) 带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(‘):girls
11、’ school 女子学校 the Smiths’ car 史密斯家的小汽车注:带词尾s的单数名词,通常仍加’s:the boss’s plan 老板的计划 the hostess’s worry 女主人的担心 (3) 带词尾s带词尾的人名,可加’s 或只加省字撇(‘):Dickens’ novels 狄更斯的小说 Charles’s job 查理斯的工作不带词尾-s却以咝音结尾者,一律加’s却以咝音结尾者,Marx’s works 马克思的著作 George’s room 乔治的房间 (4) 用and连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在
12、并列连词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加:Tom’s and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间Tom and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间 3. -’s所有格的用法-’s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西,但有时也可用于无生命的东西,这主要见于: (1) 用于表时间的名词后:tomorrow’s weather 明天的天气 two days’ journey 两天的旅程比较:ten minutes’ break = a ten-minute break 10分钟的休息 (2) 用于
13、表国家、城市的名词后: America’s policy 美国的政策 the city’s population 这个城市的人口 (3) 用于某些集合名词后:the majority’s view 多数人的观点 the government’s policy 政府的政策 (4) 用于组织机构后:the station’s waiting-room 车站候车室the newspaper’s editorial policy 这家报纸的编辑方针 (5) 用于度量衡及价值名词后:a mile’s distance 1英里的距离 twenty dollar’s value 20
14、美元的价值注:对于带有连字符已转化为形容词的度量衡,不能用所有格形式:ten-minute walk 10分钟的路程(比较:ten minutes’ walk) (6) 用于表天体的名词后:the moon’s rays 月光 the earth’s surface 地球表面(7) 用于某些固定表达中:cii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">a stone’s throw 一箭之遥 at one’s wit’s end 黔驴技穷 at arm’s length 以一臂之距 out of harm’s way 在完全的地方 4
15、 -’s 所有格与of 所有格的用法比较 (1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物,也可用于无生命的东西。of 所有格有时可以与-’s 所有格互换。如:Mr Smith’s son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子Jim’s patience = the patience of Jim 吉姆的耐心 the Queen’s arrival = the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达 (2) 必须用 ‘s 所有格的情形:①表类别时:men’s shoes 男鞋,children’s stories 儿童故事 ②表来源时:John’s tel
16、egram 约翰的电报 ③当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时:Mary’s husband, a policeman, has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察,刚刚来过这儿。 (3) 必须用of 所有格的情形:①用于无生命的事物时:the subject of the sentence 句子主语 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②表同位关系时:the City of Beijing 北京市③当中心词是名词化的名词时:the life of the poor 穷人的生活④当of 所有格中的
17、名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时:of Mr Smith is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 史密斯先生是中国一所大学的外籍教师 【课堂检测】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空: 1. March 8th is __________Day. (woman). 2.Taking twenty __________(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health. 3.The shop sells ____________(妇女) handbags. 4.Teachers in weste
18、rn countries have a __________(三个月的) holiday in a year. 5. I’ll give my English teacher a card for ____________Day. (teacher) 6. It’s only ten __________walk from the station to the hotel. (minute) 7. It’s an __________(hour) ride from here to the museum. 二、选择填空: 1.----How’s Joy’s skirt? ----H
19、er skirt is more beautiful than ________. A. her sister’s and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kate’s D. her sister’s and Kate’s 2.This is _______ room. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily C. Lucy and Lily’s 3.In ______ t
20、ime, those mountains will be covered with trees, too. A. few years B. a few years’ C. a few year D. a few year’s 4.We will have a ___________holiday after the exam. A. two month B. two–month C. two month’s D. two–months 5.Did you hear the
21、 ___________report? A. policemen B. policemen’s C. policemens’ D. policemens 6.It’s about _________walk from my home. A. ten minute B. ten minutes’ C. ten minute’s D. ten minutes 7.This is my dress. That one is ______________. A. Mary
22、 B. Mary’s C. sister D. mother 8.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ________ to his office. A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minute’s walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk 9.Where is ___________ sweater ? I can’t see it. A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Luc
23、y’s 10.__________ mothers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Anne B. Peter’s and Anne’s C. Peter’s and Anne D. Peter and Anne’s 11.The room on the right is ________. A. her B. she C. Lucy’s D. Lucy 12.We’ll have a ____________ holiday. What about going to the W
24、est Lake? A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two-days’(两天的假期:two days’ holiday/two-day holiday) 13.The market isn’t far from here. It’s only ___________ bicycle ride. A. half an hours’ B. half an hour’s C. half an hour D. an hour and a half 14.Where’s
25、your father ? At _________. A. Mr Green’s B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Green’s 15.The twin brothers always put small presents in ___________stockings on Christmas Day. A. each other’s B. each other C. each others D. each others’ 16.My father will have
26、a _________ holiday next month. He’ll take me to Qingdao. A. ten days B. ten days C. ten-days D. ten day’s 17.Where have you been these days? I have been to Bei Daihe with a friend __________. A. in Chinese B. of Japan C. of American’s
27、 D. from Canada 18.When we saw the film Hero, I sat between Ted and Ben. That is to say my seat was between ____________. A. Ted and Ben B. Ted’s and Ben C. Ted and Ben’s D. Ted’s and Ben’s 19.It is said that SARS has killed more than _______________ pe
28、ople worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’ C. three hundred’s D. three hundred 20.Kate won the _______ race in the summer sports meeting. A. 100-metre B. 100-metres C. 100 metre D. 100 metre’s (同12
29、题) 21.Whose bike is it ? It’s ____________. A. John B. John’s C. Johns’ D. Johns 22.I’ll give you ________to finish the work. OK. A. two week’s time B. two weeks’ time C. two week time D. two weeks time 23.________ desk
30、 is the cleanest in the classroom. A. Ann’s and Tom B. Ann and Tom’s C. Ann and Tom D. Ann’s and Tom’s 24.My pen is black. _________ is blue. A. Kates B. Kate C. Kate’s 25.Is this your room? No, it’s _________room. A. the children B. the children’s C. of the children D. the childrens’ 26.Who is the man in the blue car? He is __________ father. A. Kate’s and Mary’s B. Kate and Mary’s C. Kate and Mary D. of Kate and Mary
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