并列句、祈使句、感叹句反意疑问句t.doc

并列句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句　
涂 兴 仁 とこぅにん
一. 并列句
并列句一般由并列连词and , but , or , for , yet , while /whereas , so 等连接。
1. and / or
She left for Shanghai and I left for Shanghai , too . I said it and I mean it . Work hard and / then you’ll succeed . A few months more and we will do it well . Arrive late once more and you will be fired . Give him an inch and he will take a mile . I don’t like iced tea , and nor does she . My husband lived at home before we got married , and so did I .
Work hard or / or else / otherwise you’ll fail in your examinations . Turn the heat down or your cake will burn . I need a coat , or do I ? You must go to work or else you’ll lose your job . Do you want a bath at once or shall I have mine first ?
2. but / yet / while / whereas
Tom went to the party , but his brother didn’t . He doesn’t like music but his wife does . She cut her knee badly but she didn’t cry . I’d like to go to the theatre tonight , but I’m too busy . He would have come with us but he had no money . I’m sorry , but I don’t share your opinion . Excuse me , but are you Mr Wang ?
Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue . Some praise him , whereas others condemn him . She prefers yellow , whereas I prefer green . He earns $8,000 a year whereas she gets at least $20,000 .
3. for
They can’t see the elephant , for they are all blind . He shook his head , for he thought differnently .
4. neither / nor
I don’t know , neither do I want . He cannot speak , neither can he hear .
5. so
She asked me to go , so I went . You aren’t listening so I’ll shut up .
6. not only … but also … , neither … nor …
Not only did my friends help me find the proper game , but they also wanted to donate , too .
二. 祈使句

1. Let’s do sth . Let sb do sth .
Let’s go . Let’s not go . Let us / me go . Let us / me not go . Let him / her / them be here by eight .
Don’t let him / her / them be here by eight .
2. Do sth . Don’t do sth .
Jack clean the door and you open the window . Everyone sit down Come and have a cup of tea .
Please have a rest . Sit down , please . You stand up . Don’t be nervous . Don’t forget it . －Shall I open
the window ? －Yes , please do . (－No , please don’t .)
三. 感叹句
1. what
What a clever girl (she is) ! What fools we are ! What noise you are making !
2. how
How careless she is ! How fast he is running !
How strange a feeling it was ! →What a strange feeling it was !
How nice the watch is ! →How nice a watch it is ! →What a nice watch it is !
四. 反意疑问句
反意疑问句的主语要用人称代词; 但there be 结构, 用there。反意疑问句部分一般用两个
单词。主句部分肯定 反问句部分否定; 主句部分否定, 反问句部分肯定。
Mary wasn’t at home that day , was she ? London will hold the 30th Olympics in 2012 , won’t it ?
There are less than 50 students in Grade Two , Senior Three , aren’t there ? There used to be a village ,
usedn’t there ?
反意疑问句的回答:
－You aren’t a teacher , are you ? －Yes , I am . (－No, I’m not . / －No , I’m a student .)
1. anyone/anybody , someone/somebody , everyone/everybody , no one , neither 作主语时，反问句主
语用they/he 。
Nobody can work it out , can they ？Someone had recognized me , hadn’t they ？Everyone except Jack and Johnson knows the truth , don’t they ?
2. something , anything , everything , nothing 作主语时，反问句主语用it 。
Nothing was right, was it ? Everything is ready, isn’t it ? Something is wrong with my car, isn’t it ?
3. (1) none 作主语, 指人或可数名词时，反问句一般用they; 指不可数名词时，反问句主语用it 。
None can do it , can they ? None of the money was left , was it ?
(2) none of … / some of … 作主语，指人，反问句的主语用we/you/they ; 作主语，指不可数，反
问句的主语用it 。
None of us fall behind , do we ? None of you go against my plan , do you ? None of the students went to school late , did they ? Some of the money has been wasted , hasn’t it ?
(3) each of … 指人，强调单个，反问句的主语用he ; 指人，强调全体，用we/you/they 。
Each of us will get a ticket , won’t we ？ Each of you bought a new car , didn’t you ？ Each of the students passed the exams , didn’t they ? Each of the girls was given a ticket , wasn’t she ?
(4) 主语为one时，反问句的主语用one / you 。
One should drive carefully , shouldn’t one / you ?
4. this/that作主语时，反问句的主语用it ; these/those作主语，反问句的主语用they 。单数名词作
语用it / he / she ; 复数名词作主语用they 。
That / This is Mr. Li , isn’t it ? These / Those are not new , are they ? Those people are too cruel ,
aren’t they ? The flowers are beautiful , aren’t they ？The lost boy was found last night , wasn’t he ?
Your watch doesn’t work , does it ?
5. There be … , … there ?
There’s something wrong , isn’t there ? There seems to be a river ahead , doesn’t there ? There
used to be a village here , usedn’t / didn’t there ?
There is the man who wants to see you , isn’t he ? (倒装) There comes the bus , doesn’t it ？(倒装)
6. to do sth / doing sth 作主语，反问句的主语用it ; 句子作主语， 反问句的主语用it 。
To learn Englsih well needs a lot of practice , doesn’t it ? Swimming in summer is good for health , isn’t it ? What you need to do is appologize to her , isn’t it ?
7. 并列句的反问句，跟靠近的分句保持一致。
Wang Lin reads English every morning and her spoken English is the best in her class , isn’t it ?
We must study all the subjects hard , or we aren’t good at them , are we ?
8. 主从句的反问句 ，一般跟主句一致。
It is the second time that Mary has been here , isn’t it？Somebody suggested that we should do it at
once , didn’t they / he ? Jane said no one can do the job , didn’t she ? You were quite strong when I last saw you , weren’t you ? It is not hotter today than it was yesterday , is it ?
主句主语为I / We ， 主句谓语动词为 think / believe /suppose / expect / feel / imagine / guess
等时，反问句跟宾语从句一致 。注意否定的转移 。I’ sure that … .
I believe he has come , hasn’t he ? I don’t think you are right , are you ? I suppose he will be back in an hour , won’t he ? We don’t think she knew anything about it , did she ? We believe she can do the job better can’t she ? I’m sure he will win , won’t he ?
当think等词为非一般现在时或主语不是I / We时，则反问句跟主句一致，not在主句中属于主句 。
He doesn’t think you are his friend , does he ? He didn’t think you were the person to rely on , did he ? We had never thougt that it was the deadline , had we ? You thought he was a lawyer didn’t you ? Mrs Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera , does she ?
9. 祈使句的反问句
Let’s help her , shall we / shan’t we ? Let us / me / him go out , will you / won’t you ? Let me / him go home , will you / may I / can he ? Look at me , will you / won’t you / would you / can you / can’t you / could you ? Don’t be late again , will you ?
10.感叹句的反问句
What a fine watch (it is ) , isn’t it ? What a clever boy (he is) , isn’t he ? What lovely weather (it is) , isn’t it ？How hard they are working , aren’t they？
11.I am a teacher , aren’t I ?
12.含有情态动词的反问句
(1) must
must表示 “必须”： We must hand in the papers today , mustn’t we ?
must 表示 “有必要”： You must leave now , needn’t you ?
mustn’t表示 “禁止”： You mustn’t smoke here , may you / must you ？
must 表示猜测“一定”：He must be waiting for you now , isn’t he ? He must have left here a week
ago , didn’t he ? He must have left here by now , hasn’t he ?
(2) can
表示“许可、能力”： She can’t speak Japanese , can she ? I can come in , can’t I ?
表示“猜测”（can’t）： He can’t be right , can / is he ? Mr White can’t have arrived yet , has he ? She can’t have done her homework last night , did she ?
(3) I wish to have a new car , may I ?
(4) The author may be French , can’t / mightn’t / won’t he ?
(5) You’d better stay home with your parents , hadn’t / shouldn’t you ? You’d rather not go out alone at night , would you ? You’d like to have a word with her , wouldn’t you ?
(6) The naught boy ought to be punished , oughtn’t / shouldn’t he ? They should have gone earlier , shouldn’t they ?
(7) The girl dare not lift her head , dare she ? (情态动词) He dares to do that , doesn’t he ? (实义动词) You needn’t come here so early , need you ? (情态动词) He needn’t have run all the way , need he ? (情态动词) She needs help / praising / to be paid , doesn’t she ? (实义动词)
(8) He used to smoke heavily , usedn’t / didn’t he ?
13.have的反意问句的构成
(1) have/has/had 作助动词，用have/has/had构成反问句 。
He hasn’t finished his homework , has he ?
(2) have/has/had表示所属“有用have/has/had或do/does/did构成反问句 。
She has a new car , hasn’t / doesn’t she ?
(3) have to / has to / had to用do/does/did构成反问句；have/has/had got to用have/has/had构成反问句。
We had to go home on foot , didn’t we ? She often has got colds , hasn’t she ?
(4) have/has/had 作实义动词，表示其他含义用do/does/did构成反问句
We have no classes this weekend , do we ？They often have breakfast at six , don’t they ?
14.陈述部分含有no, few, little, nobody, no one, none, nothing, neither 等否定词，反问句通常用肯定式 。
Nobody can forget it , can they / he ? There was no one present when you got there , was there ? Nothing can stop us from doing it , can it ? Neither of them are for your opinion , are they ? They said nothing about the project , did they ? He has nothing to do , does he ? There is little water in the glass , is there ? Few people in the village like going on a trip , do they ?
15.陈述部分含有hardly, seldom, never, barely, rarely, scarcely等否定词，反问句通常用肯定式 。
She had hardly failed the interview , had she ? He never lent a hand to others , did he ? You rarely lost your way in the city , did you ? They seldom go to school late , do they ?
16.陈述部分的动词或形容词含否定前缀/后缀，反问句仍用否定形式 。
(unmarried, unusual , unhappy, unlucky, unlock , unwrap, invisible, impatient, impossible, illegal, dislike, disclose, disappear, discover, hopeless, careless, harmless, useless, …)
The old car is useless , isn’t it ？ You’re helpless , aren’t you ? She dislikes reading , doesn't she ? It’s inconvenient , isn’t it ? She is unmarried , isn’t she ? He looks unhappy , doesn’t he ? It’s unfair , isn’t it ？ They were unsuccessful , weren’t they ?
17.注意下面特殊句式:
I like pop music , don’t you (= don’t you think so)? I don’t suppose Jack will arrive this morning , do you (= do you think so) ? I’m busy , can’t you see ? So she didn’t enjoy herself , didn’t she ? So you have missed the train , have you ?

高 考 真 题 专 练 （1998―2012年）
1.______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do . (98全国卷)
A.When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
2.―You haven’t been to Beijing , have you ? (98全国卷)
―______ . How I wish to go there !
A. Yes , I have B. Yes , I haven’t C. No , I have D. No , I haven’t
3.―Alice , you feed the bird today , ______ ? (99全国卷)
―But I fed it yesterday .
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
4. Excuse me for breaking in , ______ I have some news for you . (02全国卷)
A. so B. and C. but D. yet
5. We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car . You can come with us ______ you can meet us there later .
A. but B. and C. or D. then (03全国卷)
6.―Sorry , Joe . I didn’t mean to …
―Don’t you call me “Joe” . I’m Mr Parker to you , and ______ you forget it (03全国卷)
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
7. I hope you don’t mind me asking , ______ where did you buy those shoes ? (04全国卷III)
A. so B. and C. yet D. but
8. Paul had to write a history paper , ______ he couldn’t find time to do it . (04全国卷IV)
A. but B. so C. because D. if
9. Stand over there ______ you’ll be able to see it better . (04天津卷)
A. or B. while C. but D and
10. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal , ______ ? (04上海卷)
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
11.―English has large vocabulary , hasn’t it ? (04上海卷)
―Yes , ______ more words and expressions and you’ll find it easier to read and communicate .
A. know B. knowing C. to know D. known
12.―I think George doesn’t really care for TV plays . (04重庆卷)
―Right , ______ he still watches the program .
A. and B. but C. or D. so
13.There are eight tips in Dr Roger’s lecture on sleep , and one of them is : ______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary . (04重庆卷)
A. doesn’t go B. not go C. not going D. don’t go
14.There are many kinds of sports , ______ my favorite is swimming . (04辽宁卷)
A. as B. then C. so D. but
15.I’ve never seen anyone run so fast－______ David go . (04浙江卷)
A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 16.______ straight on and you’ll see a church . You won’t miss it . (04湖北卷)
A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going
17.They wanted to charge $5,000 for the car ,______ we managed to bring the price down . (05全国卷I,II)
A. but B. so C. when D. since
18.―Somebody wants you on the phone . (05北京卷)
―______ no one knows I’m here .
A. For B. And C. But D. So
19.There was a loud scream from the back stage immediately after the concert ended , _____ ? (05上海卷)
A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it
20.―What should I do with this passage ? (05重庆卷)
―______ the main idea of each paragraph .
A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out
21.Follow your doctor’s advice , ______ your cough will get worse . (05辽宁卷)
A.or B. and C. then D. so
22.Unlike watching TV , reading is a highly active process ______ it requires attention as well as memory and imagine . (05江苏卷)
A. until B. but C. unless D. for
23.Mary , ______ here –everybody else , stay where you are . (06全国卷I)
A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming
24.We forgot to bring our tickets , but please let us enter , ______ ? (06全国卷III)
A. do you B