环保论文(英文).doc

With the rapid development of science and technology ,our environment is from bad to worse.we just do the research to find out the reasons hiding.
(改变环境污染的现状遇到的障碍)
obstacles to change the polluted environment
While the cause and effect relationship between technological advances and pollution have certainly influenced public outcry towards change, and influenced corporations to alter their poisoning mechanisms, the immediate change will necessarily meet with resistance. Revelation about mankind’s reticence to act unless literally under the gun remains a valid point.
Destruction of the ozone layer and incidents such as the Exxon oil spill in Alaska are indeed enormous calamities, and we have been cautioned by at least one reputable scientist as to the risks we take by delaying reform, but these events are still not great enough to spawn greater action than handling the immediate situation. Ti is one thing to agree that car travel pollutes the environment, and to see dense smog in the Los Angeles Basin, but millions will still get in their vehicles tomorrow to drive their jobs.
three reasons of complexity of environmentally friendly actions
(导致环保行动复杂化的三大原因)
The challenge to orchestrate the changes necessary for environmental improvement are further complicated in at least three ways .First, there are conflicting viewpoints as to the role government plays to influence private industry to replace technologically damaging processes with more ecologically sound technologies. Second, to phase out current technologies is a burden many corporations are unwilling to take on; implementation of new technologies adversely affects profit margins. Third, governmental failures in policy create a situation where corporations have no incentive to move towards pollution control. Implementation of governmental of policies and programs designed to improve the environmental fail because there is no incentive for legislators to determine the costs and benefits of their legislation, as there is a lack of appropriate experiences in the matter. Legislators focus only on the appearance of implementing solutions for the popular vote, and then allow their decisions to be clouded by lobbyists and political maneuverings. The resulting regulatory standards and technological mandates inappropriately micromanage the private sector, limiting their creativity to allocate resources to improve and change.
Relations between the goverment and the industries
(政府和工业之间的关系是环保举步维艰)
What is more,in some countries,the immense problem regarding the lobbying and bipartisan influences on the government cannot be ignored.No mechanism can be provided easily to counteract this dilemma.It is also hard to imagine that powerful governmentally-favored industries,such as the automobile and nuclear industries,which are responsible for large amounts of pollution,would suddenly be open to scrutiny.Clearly,some sort of interim activity seems necessary to shield these intrinsically polluted areas.In addition,monetary incentives take on a punitive aspect which may serve to create a climate where cleverness is devoted towards masking the dilemma rather than contributing to repairing the problem.Depending on the craftiness of parties concerned,the ECI incentive system might enable a merry-go-round of pollution-shifting within a certain region.
(改变工业决策以保护环境是艰难的)
How to properly change the way that industrial decisions are made is not clear. An investment policy which is social rather than under private control should be implemented. The policy-makers should choose the technology to be used to produce goods. This suggests that many more individuals could assess whether a technology was actually useful or moral to society. However, this would be improbable in terms of actual implementation in at least four ways. First, although the U.S can be said to be a distinct form of socialized capitalism, the procedure would most likely be illicit outrage in terms of its invasiveness of the corporation. Additionally, the recommendation could be ignored by other countries because there is no enforcement mechanism. Second, even if these recommendations were well-received, there is a problem with technology selection in that there will be cases where an apparently benign technology will be embraced, only to find out that it is harmful in some ways. Third, if the plan was implemented, the question remains as to who would decide on the technologies, and what mechanism would ensure that these persons would not be influenced by some lobbying power. Fourth, the reality exists that some companies would be unable to afford the costs of transforming to the designated technology.
seen as conflicting with growth in business
(环保被视为与商业增长相冲突)
In addition,improving the environment is seen as conflicting with growth in business,and it becomes more of a risk than an opportunity.For example,new regulatory standards have to be met on national,rather than regional levels,and technologies are mandated without the expertise to determine their practicality and availability.
It is incorrect to believe that increased governmental spending and regulations are the only solutions to the problems of a polluted planet.We should call for the government to set financial and other incentives,such as taxation and Emission-Control Incentives,so that producers and consumers can factor these considerations into their decision-making processes;we should also call for the government to step away and allow the entrepreneurs and businesses that have the proper expertise to apply the incentives.
Unaware of scientific and technological damages
(人们对科技对环境危害的严重性认识不足)
Moreoverwhether it is through intensified media attention,or due to the efforts of prominent scientists and other members of society,we have become increasingly aware of the detrimental effects that technological advances in industry and agriculture have on the global environment.
However,as Carl Sagan points out in Pulling the Plug on Mother Earth,awareness is not enough,nor is society's response to the catastrophic implications of environmental pollution rapid enough.Slowness to implement sound strategies are in part due to the fact that the threats we face are nebulous,since they come in the form of particles of invisible gases and radioactivity,and in part because response to pollution appears to be so costly at individual,governmental and corporate levels.It appears that great material loss,as well as visual manifestation,has been the only ways to galvanize action towards altering and limiting technologies so that adverse chemicals and substances are no longer belched into the environment.
suggestions
we think everyone should take some actions.Maybe some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to deal with.But actually I don not quite agree with this opinion.Our environment is gradual deterioration.The most critical issue is how to reduce the greenhouse gas.As we all know,carbon dioxide is a kind of greenhouse gas which is produced by diesel fuel combustion.All of us use diesel fuel or produce carbon dioxide everyday.That is why I think protecting environment is the responsibility for everyone.Only if we live in an environmentally-friendly society,can we lead a healthy and happy life.As far as I am concerned,the environmental protection is everyone's responsibility.We should make our conversation to maintain sustainable development.And a campaign is to be lanched to combat the worsening situation.For instance,we should cut down the use of machine powered by diesel fuel.Consequently,we can reduce the production of carbon dioxide and other air pollution.

We also need our government to enact and implement a series of principles,policies,laws and measures for environmental protection.for example,build more sewage treatment plants,reduce air pollution and acid rain will reduce respiratory illnesses for people in the city,prohibit the use of plastic bags and etc.On the other hand,each individual environmentally-friendly products.We can take bus or bicycle to go school or go for work instead of driving.What is more,we can make the child develop environmental protection consciousness.Obviously,we can draw the conclusion that sustainable development is the most responsible that human being should keep going.