Hyperbole夸张.doc

完整版)Hyperbole夸张
Hyperbole 夸张

英语hyperbole一词源于希腊语的huperbole，原意为excess(超过）。
Definition：
A figure of speech consisting in exaggerated or extravagant statement， used to express strong feeling or produce a strong impression， and not intended to be understood literally.
—-—Oxford English Dictionary
这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果.
1）Haven’t seen you for ages。
2) I could sleep for a year。
3) We’re all tired （thirsty) to death.
Classification：
按性质分类： Extended hyperbole & Reduced hyperbole
按构成方式分类:lexical ＆ grammatical
按性质分类：
Extended hyperbole 扩大夸张
将描写对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等 说得特别高、特别大。
Reduced hyperbole 缩小夸张
将描写对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等 说得特别低、特别小。
1)His eloquence would split rocks!
2) It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.
3) A drop of ink may make a million think。
一滴墨水写成的文字可让千万人思索.
按构成方式分类：
1. 用词汇表示 （lexical)
A。 用数词表示
1） This made him roar like a thousand bulls。
这使他像千牛怒吼一般咆哮起来。
2） One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters。
--—George Herbert
一个父亲的作用大于100个教师。
3) I love Ophelia： forty thousand brothers could not， with all their quantity of love make up my sum.
———William Shakespeare: Hamlet
我爱奥菲莉亚:40 000 个兄弟的爱合起来，还抵不过我对她的爱。
B.动词表示
1） In its wake, budget cuts and food shortage have hit the new nation of Russia—and prices have shot out of the world.
---Newsweek, Feb。 17， 1992
随其解体后(指前苏联)，预算缩减和食品短缺已经沉重地打击了俄罗斯这个新生国家—而且物价飞涨，直冲云霄。
2) We not only saw but heard it： the report positively reverberated down the Rhine.
---George B. Shaw
我们不仅看见了，而且听见了.这个报告简直响遍了整个莱茵河.
3） His anger nearly burst his belly.
　　他气得肚子简直炸裂了。
C名词
It's a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day.
a crime = a great pity
今天阳光明媚，躲在家中实在太遗憾了。
2. 用虚拟语气表示
Noise proves nothing： often a hen who has merely laid an egg crackles as if she had laid an asteroid.
---Mark Twain
嗓子大证明不了什么事情：只生下一只蛋的母鸡也常会咯咯叫，像是生下了小行星似的.
3。用形容词比较级和最高级表示
She is the prettiest girl in the world。
My Faith is larger than the Hills.
Hyperbole与其他辞格：
1） Miss Bolo went straight home in a flood of tears and sedan chair. —-—Charles Dickens
(hyperbole， zeugma）
2) Poly, I love you. You are the whole world to me， and the moon and the stars and the constellation of outer space. ——-Max Shulman
（hyperbole， climax)
3） A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.
（hyperbole， personification）
4） A drop of ink may make a million
think.
（hyperbole, metonymy, contrast）