英语完形填空解题技巧.doc

四、完形填空解题方法及备考策略 一）词汇知识的运用（各类词的用法及搭配、词语辨析） 1动词 1）动词的结构功能（vi./vt./linkv., 接什么样的宾语，能否接复合宾语，接什么样的复合宾语） eg （1）. But by using literary texts alongside other texts, teachers can 42 students improve their reading skills. A. force B. help C. get D. wish 析：选【B】。只有help 可接help sb.do sth. 2)分析上下文情景，注意词汇与话题的同现 结构是为意思服务的，在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能是很难判断的，所以要分析上下文情景。 （2）（Father）“Kate and John, a friend of mine is coming here to see me this evening, and I wish to be with him. Will you go up to your own room?”We ,went to our room and closed the door. A. punished B. trembled C. obeyed D. replied 析：【C】上文父亲吩咐她们上楼到自己的房间去，她们去了，说明按父亲的吩咐做了，所以选C。 2代词（不定代词/指示代词; 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词/疑问代词/关系代词/相互代词等） 1.不定代词（some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, no one, one, none, something, anything, nothing ; all, every, each, other, either, neither, both, half, everybody, everyone, everything ; many, much, few, little, a few等） 2指示代词（that, this, these, those, such ,same, so）one 代C 泛指，指非限定的一个；可代人/物 that 代C 特指；不可代人；代U this 近指，后指 that 远指，前指 （3） is the sports programme. 开始体育节目。 （4） is the end of the news. 新闻到此结束。 Keys: （3）This 4）That 3.名词/形容词/副词/介词（依上下文语义/语境要求，搭配，话题来选） 4同义词/近义词/形似词 1）词的搭配能力(rise/raise, hope/wish) 如：demand (of sb.) to do sth. pick ones pocket request/require sb. to do sth. rob sb. of sth. steal sth. from sb. 2)单词的适用范围/场合 如：voice/sound/noise; defend/protect/guard ,ask/beg，kill/murder等 3）单词的感情色彩 如：die 中性词，pass away 表示对死者的尊敬 4）过程与结果的不同 look for/search 重过程 find/discover 重结果 5)区分结构类似而意思不同的表达法 如：be used to do sth./be used to doing sth./used do sth. take place/take ones place/take the place of cant help do sth./cant help doing sth./cant help but do sth. 6)注意有意识与无意识 如：notice:表无意识行为，observe/watch/see 表有意识行为 5.词语的搭配 1）动词的搭配(do 和make的搭配能力较强，要常记，记牢，记熟) do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.) make(a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, ones way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc.) 2）名词的搭配 形容词与名词的搭配有的具有一定的文化背景，学生要注意“貌合神离”的词语。如： lucky dog 幸运儿 right hand得力助手narrow escape死里逃生 dark horse出人意料的获胜者 3）形容词的搭配 有些形容词可以加一个形容词修饰，表示强调，使表达更加生动。常见的有：pitch dark（漆黑的）, brand new （崭新的）,crystal clear（水晶般的） ,wide open（张得大大的）, fast asleep（睡得很熟的）, wide awake（完全醒着的）, icy cold（冰冷的）, etc. 有些形容词可以和不同的介词搭配，学生应注意比较、归纳。如： sick for 渴望 tired from因 而疲劳 engaged in 忙于 sick of 厌倦 tired of 对 厌倦 engaged to 与某人订婚 二）篇章技巧的运用 一个完整的语篇，一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章结构技巧。作者借助于篇章技巧成文，学生在复现作者的语言时同样可以借助篇章技巧。 1复现 “词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、同源词、概括词（总分关系）以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词、同源词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现（其中一种表达是对另一种的解释）。具体指某一词以原词，指代词，同义词，反义词、同源词、概括词等重新出现在整个文章的前后，并起到了衔接全文的作用。 （5）First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 析：【D】同源词复现，由window-cleaner可知为clean the window. 2. 同现 同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇（篇章中的词汇链）。 1) 名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如： school-primary schoolmiddle schoolcollegeuniversity studentspupilsgraduatespostgraduates 2) 动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如： schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop outgraduatebe dismissed 3)形容词同现 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：在学校这个语境中：（key）school（optional）course（compulsory）course 4) 结构同现 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如： some,others; on one hand,on the other hand; former,latter; sothat; not onlybut also; hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way when;（6）I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 析：【A】名词同现，从room, furniture,等同现信息可知。 （7）We were _42_ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, 42. A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure 析：【A】结构同现，be about to do when 3逻辑关系 一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词： 1.递进 in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, whats more, whats worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still 2.比较 in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对照 in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while 4.因果 because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus 5.强调 certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially in particular, absolutely, 6.让步 although, though, after all, in spite of 7.举例 for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 时间和空间 afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 9. 总结 to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary