主谓一致讲解及练习.doc

主谓一致
主谓一致（Subject- Verb Agreement），指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.可分为:语法一致，内容一致， 就近一致.
（一） 语法一致原则:
即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:
1. 单数主语即使后面带有with ， along with， together with， like（象）， but （除了），except， besides， as well as， rather than（而不是）， including， in addition to 引导的短语， 谓语动词仍用单数.
Air as well as water is matter.   
No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 
2. 用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念， 谓语动词用单数， 否则用复数.
The poet and writer has come. 
3. 不定式（短语）， 动名词（短语）， 或从句作主语时， 谓语动词用单数. 如:
Serving the people is my great happiness.
When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.
4. 用连接的并列主语被each， every 或no修饰时， 谓语动词用单数.
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 
5. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an ， 尽管从意义上看是复数， 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a boy likes playing basketball.    
More than one student was late.    
6.  none 做主语时谓语动词可用单数， 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:
None of us are （is） perfect.  
7. 名词如: trousers， scissors， clothes， goods， glasses 等作主语时， 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:
His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of ， 谓语一般用单数.
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。
8. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics， mathematics， economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。
（二） 内容一致原则:
1. 主语中有all， half， most， the rest等， 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today.
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.
Most of the apples were rotten. .
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
2. 表示时间， 金钱， 距离， 度量等的名词做主语时， 尽管是复数形式， 它们做为一个单一的概念时， 其谓语动词用单数.如:
Ten miles is a good distance.
3. （1） 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police ， people， cattle 等， 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
（2） 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment， furniture， luggage 等.
（3） 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience， committee， government， family， enemy， group， party， team， public 等.如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
4. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物， 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
（三） 就近原则
1. 由here， there， where 等引导的倒装句中， （有时主语不止一个时）谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:
Here comes the bus.
2. 用连词or， either.... or， neither….nor， not only….but also 等连接的并列主语， 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it .
主谓一致练习
1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south， the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.
A. are/is   B. are/are　 C. is/are   D. are
2. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.
A. play     B. are playing　 C. plays    D. is playing
3. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.
A. are      B. has　   C. have     D. is
4. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.
A. are      B. is     C. were     D. be
5. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.
A. are    B. are stayed     C. is      D. are left
6. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower".
A. stands        B. standing     C. which stands   D. stand
7. Either of you _____ going there tonight.
A. will     B. was     C. is       D. are
8. You as well _____ right.
A. I are      B. I am     C. as I am    D. as I are
9. Every student and every teacher _____.
A. are going to attend the meeting   B. have attended the meeting
C. has attended the meeting          D. is attended the meeting
10. This pair of shoes _____.
A. is her      B. is hers　 C. are hers    D. are her
11.The railway station is ______from our school.
A. two hour`s drive     B. two hours` drive  C. two hour drive  D. two hours drive
12.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.
A. has finished  B. has been finished  C. have finished  D. have been finished
13.More than 60 percent of the world’s radio programmes ______in England
A. is       B. was      C. are       D. be
14. ______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard
A.A great deal of   B.A great many   C.A large number of   D.Many
15.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.
A.is sold out   B.are sold out     C.was sold out   D.were sold out
16.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.
A. has    B.have     C.is     D.are
17. “All ______present and all ______going on well”， our monitor said.
A.is is       B.are， are     C.are is      D.is are
18.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.  
A.is     B.was     C.are      D.were.
19.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.
A.are studying   B.have studied   C.studies    D.study
20.The rich______ not always happy.
A.are     B.is     C.will      D.may
21.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.
A.are    B.is  C.has   D.have
22.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A.is searching          B.were searching for  
C.are searching         D.was searching for
23.Your trousers ______dirty， you must have______ washed.
A.is it     B.are it     C.are them    D.is them
24.Every means ______prevent the water from______
A.are used to polluting       B. get used to polluting
C.is used to ， polluted      D.is used to ，being polluted
25.What we need ______good textbooks.
A.is       B.are      C.have     D.has
26.Either your parents or your elder brother ______to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A.is       B.are     C.are going     D.have