科技英语教案.doc

科技英语教案

科技英语

　　I.Teaching Plan (180 minutes)

　　1. Warm-up (10 minutes)

　　2. Detailed Study ( 145 minutes)

　　3. Translating skills of nominalization (24 minutes)

　　4. Assignment (1 minute)

　　II.Teaching Steps

　　1. Warm-up: (10 minutes)

　　1). Have you ever watched the movie A Beautiful Mind? What is the story about?

　　2). What are the basic elements of games and what is the goal of the participants in the game?

　　3). In order to win in a game, what kind of approach or strategy should be applied?

　　2. Detailed Study (145 minutes)

　　Step1. Text Organization

　　Part One: paras. 1-3

　　Game theory can be defined as the science of strategy which studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperative forms.

　　Part Two: paras. 4-11

　　There are two distinct types of strategic imterdependence; sequential move game and simultaneous-move game.

　　Part Three: paras: 12-19

　　The typical examples of game theory are given as basic principles such as prisoners dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and revealing information.

　　Part Four: para. 20

　　The research of game theory has succeeded in illustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation and it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future.

　　Step 2. Detailed study of part one

　　Terms: game theory, zero-sum game,

　　Words and phrases:

　　1) outcome: The outcome of an activity, process, or situation is the situation that exists at the end of it

　　E.g:

　　Mr. Singh said he was pleased with the outcome...

　　辛格先生说他对这一结果感到满意。

　　2) rear: v. bring up and educate children rear a family 养家

　　I was reared in east Texas.我在得克萨斯州东部长大。

　　n. [the rear] the back part 后部、背后、后面 a kitchen in the rear of the house

　　3) takeover: n. 公司的接收或并购

　　The economy of Hong Kong goes well after its ～.

　　4) implement: 1. V. 履行;施行 N-COUNT 可数名词 工具;器具;器具

　　e.g We need money to implement the program.

　　～ plans, policies, a program of reforms

　　knives and other useful implements. 刀子和其他有用工具

　　5) jointly: in collaboration or cooperation adv. 共同地，结合地，连带地

　　e.g The two boys owned the boat jointly.

　　joint: n. 关节，连接处 adj. 共有的，共同的

　　6) fight back: When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. 抵抗，还击，强忍住

　　e.g If he hit you, why didnt you fight back?

　　7)cut down: 削减; 减少使用

　　e.g If you spend more than your income, can you try to cut down?

　　假设你入不敷出，能够试着减少开支吗?

　　Content questions:

　　1. What kind of games did early game theory mathematicians emphasize? What is the current research focus?

　　2. Are game strategies different from decisions made in a neutral environment? Why or why not?

　　Step 3. Detailed study of part two

　　1) When thinking about how others will respond, one must put oneself in their shoes, and think as they would; one should not impose ones own reasoning on them.

　　bull; 在考虑其他博弈者会如何应对时，博弈者必须能设身处地地换位考虑，而不能把本人的主观推断强加于人。

　　2) In contrast to the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games, a game with simultaneous moves involves a logical circle.

　　bull; Paraphrase: A game with simultaneous move requires a logical circular thinking, which is totally different from the linear chain of reasoning for sequential games

　　bull; 与连续策略博弈的线性思维不同，联立策略的博弈涉及逻辑循环。

　　3) square: v. 与hellip;一致，符合

　　bull; That explanation squares with the facts, doesnt it... 那个解释和事实相符，不是吗?

　　bull; Square the circle: to attempt sth. impossible 做(大概是)不可能的事情

　　4) When we say that an outcome is an equilibrium, there is no presumption that each persons privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result.

　　bull; 当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种平衡的时候，并不能假定博弈的每个参与者的个人最正确策略将带来共同的最优化结果。

　　collectively: adv. 全体的，共同的

　　e.g. All members of the Cabinet are collectively responsible for decisions taken.

　　bull; 所有内阁成员对所作决定集体负责。

　　optimal: a. best or most favorable 最正确的

　　eg. Aim to do some physical activity three times a week for optimal health.

　　bull; 为了到达最正确的健康情况，要力争每周进展3次身体锻炼。

　　Content questions:

　　1). What is the essence of the game?

　　2). In a sequential-move game, what do the players do? While in a simultaneous game, what do the players do?

　　3). What is the general principle for players in the simultaneous game?

　　4). Can you describe the concept of Nash equilibrium? How is it used in circular reasoning of games?

　　Step 4. Detailed study of part three and part four

　　1). confess: v. ①confesses to sth/doing sth 承认，供认坦白(本人做错的事)

　　bull; She finally confessed to having stolen the money.

　　②confess sth to sb(向神父)忏悔，告解

　　bull; You just go to the church and confess your sins... 你干脆去教堂忏悔本人的罪过吧。

　　2). outweigh: v. be greater in weight, value or importance than sth

　　e.g The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 利远大于弊

　　bull; out- 为前缀,意为exceeds, go beyond

　　3). Prisoners dilemma : in game theory, the prisoners dilemma is a type of non-zero game in which two players can cooperate with or defect the other player.

　　4) Game theory quantifies this insight and details the right proportions of such mixtures.

　　bull; 博弈论为提高洞察力和掌握混合性策略恰当的火候提供了参考。

　　5). deter: v. ～sb. from doing sth. 使某人决定不做某事

　　e.g Failure did not deter him from making another attempt. 他并未因失败而畏缩不前。

　　6). credible: adj.可信的，可靠的

　　incredible: adj.不可思议的; 惊人的; 难以置信的;credibility: n.可靠性，可信性; 确实性

　　7). renege: v. fail to keep a promise, ones word 食言，背信

　　If someone reneged on a deal, they could never trade here again.

　　谁要是违犯了商定，就永远不能再在这里进展买卖。

　　8). commit to: 对hellip;作出承诺, 担负责任; 致力于hellip;;把hellip;固定在

　　e.g. He has committed himself to the cause of education. 他已决心献身事业。

　　9). monopoly: n. ①专卖权，专利权 gain a ～

　　bull; In some countries, tobacco is a government～专卖品

　　Content questions:

　　1). In tennis why is it crucial for players to mix their moves?

　　2). What is brinkmanship strategy in games of conflict?

　　3). What is the process of bargaining for players? What agreement can be reached?

　　3. The translating skillsnominalization (24 minutes)

　　Nominalization(名词化构造)

　　1)单纯名词化构造：指由一个或多个名词修饰一个中心名词构成的名词化构造。

　　water purification system

　　该构造的中心名词是system，purification 修饰water，因而该构造相当于a system for the purification of water

　　2)复合名词化构造：指由一个中心名词和描绘词、名词、副词、分词及介词短语等多个前置或后置修饰语构成。

　　acute bacterial peritonitis 急性细菌性腹膜炎

　　将名词化构造译为动词

　　All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.

　　这里的名词passage在翻译时要译为动词通过“。

　　全句译为：只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。

　　将名词化构造译为动宾关系

　　As a small-scale illustration of the artificial modification of physical weather processes, take the frost prevention in an orchard.

　　划线部分的名词化构造译为对天气的物理过程进展人工阻碍“

　　全句译为：我们可举果园中防霜作为说明对天气的物理过程进展小尺度人工阻碍的例子。

　　4. Assignment (1 minute)

　　Do the exercises of multiple choice, blank filling, cloze.