省略和倒装考点归纳.doc

省略和倒装考点归纳
省略
考点一、状语从句中的省略
(1) 当主句主语与从句主语相同(或从句主语为it)，并且从句谓语中含be动词，常将从句主语和be动词省略，构成省略形式。
(2) as / than引导比较状语从句时，从句通常使用省略形式。如：He earns less than his wife (does).
【考例】
When _____ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012安徽)
A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked
考点二、动词不定式的省略
(1)在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时将不定式符号to省略。
【考例】
The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting.
A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up
(2) 在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，可以只保留不定式符号to。
【考例】
The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _____. (2013课标1)
A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not
考点三、使用替代词so / not
英语中常用so / not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，多跟在I’m afraid / I hope / I think / I guess / I believe / I expect / I suppose等开头的答语中，条件状语从句中也有类似的用法。 如： if so / if not句中。
【考例1】
—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?
—_____ Wait till you are old enough, dear. (2010全国I)
A. Will you? B. Why not? C. I hope so. D. I’m afraid not.
【提示】很多动词(如：think, believe, expect, suppose等)的两种否定形式的基本含义是相同的。如： I don’t think so. = I think not. I don’t expect so. = I expect not. 但是， hope是不能否定转移的动词，具有类似用法的还有guess。
【考例2】
—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
—_____.
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not
考点四、情景交际中的省略
在情景对话中，常常省略大家都知道的内容或不会引起歧义的部分只保留主干部分或关键词。
【考例】
—Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.
—Sure. _____. (2012四川)
A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will
倒装
考点一、完全倒装
(一)在here, there, now, then, away, down, in, up, off, out等副词开头的句子中(主语一般为名词，谓语动词为be, come, go, run等)，常使用完全倒装。
【考例】
Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____. (2009上海)
A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief
C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief
(二) 地点状语位于句首时，主语为名词且谓语动词为不及物动词(如lie, stand, sit等)，常使用完全倒装句式。
【考例】
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
考点二、部分倒装
(一) 否定词语位于句首时引起的部分倒装(倒装否定词语所在的句子)。常见的否定副词或短语有： never / seldom / not / little / nowhere / hardly / in no case / in no sense / by no means / at no time等。
【考例】
At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. (2013辽宁)
A. they actually broke B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken
(二)“only+状语”位于句首时引起的部分倒装
【考例】
Only with the greatest of luck _____ to escape from the rising flood waters. (2012上海)
A. managed she B. she managed C. did she manage D. she did manage
(三) 在so…that句型中，如果so引导的部分位于句首，则主句要使用部分倒装。
【考例】
So sudden _____ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was
(四) as或though引导让步状语从句置于句首时引起的部分倒装(although不能引导倒装)。其倒装句型是：表语(形容词或单个名词)/ 状语 / 谓语中的行为动词(动词原形)＋as / though＋主语＋…。
【考例】
Hot _____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (2012陕西)
A. although B. as C. while D. however
(五) so / neither / nor位于句首表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物，使用部分倒装。 so 用于肯定情况，而neither / nor用于否定情况。其句型是： so / neither / nor＋助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词＋主语。
【考例】
Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _____.
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I
注：(1) “neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”结构，有时也表示连续的否定。如：
【考例1】
The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _____ it a thought.
A. does he even give B. he even gives C. will he even give D. he will even give
【考例2】
This is not my story, nor _____ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
(2) neither…nor…连接并列成分，且neither和nor放于句首，前后都倒装。连接并列主语时不倒装。
Neither does he work hard, nor is he interested in math.
Neither he nor I am a student.
(3) 表示对对方所说的话加以肯定或赞同时，不用倒装语序，意为“的确，真的”。如 ：
—John is very polite. 约翰很有礼貌。—So he is. 他确实如此。
(4) 当前面有两个(或两个以上)不同动作也适用于后者时，常用“so + it + be + with + sb”结构。
(六) hardly…when / no sooner…than / not until等连接复合句时，如果hardly, no sooner, not until放于句首，主句使用部分倒装，从句不倒装； not only…but also连接并列分句时，如果not only放于句首, 前一个分句使用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。
【考例1】
Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _____ having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did he consider
【考例2】
The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _____, but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved
C. teachers’ energy was saved D. was saved teachers’ energy
【考例3】
—Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner _____ than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone　
补充：
1. 在there be句型中，须使用倒装结构，除there be外还有there live/stand/lie/exist等结构。
2. 有时为保持句子平衡或强调表语，常将作表语的形容词、介词短语、动词-ed形式及动词-ing形式等置于句首，形成完全倒装。如： Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.